MoneransMonerans

By Hugh Doyle & Geoff Hewer-Candee

IntroductionIntroduction

Moneran is the kingdom deals with bacteria

This kingdom is divided into BACTERIA and blue-green bacteria called CYANOBACTERIA

Moneran cells follow the same basic life process as animal cells

Unlike human cells, monerans do not have membrane bound organelles

Though they are found in clumps, chains, or pairs, they survive on their own, and do not work together

They are among the oldest living organisms, and are the most common organisms on earth

One pinch of soil can house over a billion bacteria

Major Phyla & SpeciesMajor Phyla & Species Monerans are divided into two subkingdoms

– Archaebacteria– Eubacteria

The two major groups are blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria) and other bacteria

The three phylum under archaebacteria are:

–MethanogensProduce methane

Help break down food in the intestines of animals

Parasitic-like – “Symbiotic relationship” (work together)

–HalophilesLive only in bodies of concentrated salt water

–ThermoacidophilesFound in hot, acidic waters

Can handle temperatures of 80 degrees Celsius!

•The three phylum under Eubacteria are:

-Heterotrophs

•Finds food in other sorces

-Autotrophs

•Creates own food

-Chemotrophs

•Breaks down inorganic, chemosynthic substances such as sulfur or nitrogen compounds

StructureStructure Unicellular Has no nucleus or organelles Contains hereditary material in the cytoplasm

– One chromosome of DNA and polyamines Prokaryotic Have starch granules that store food Has a cell wall Have sheaths that allow them to stick together Bacteria often has flagella which allows them to move The jobs of organelles are done by molecules inside the

cell Many have capsules Pili, or fimbriae, allows bacteria to lach onto things Three shapes:

– Rod shaped (Bacillus)– Sphere (Coccus)– Spiral shaped (Spirochete)

ReproductionReproduction

Practices asexual reproduction - binary fission*

Newly created cells stay together, held by their sheaths.

*Fission is when the cell duplicates its hereditary material and then divides into two new cells, each with a copy of the hereditary material

Feeding/Obtaining EnergyFeeding/Obtaining Energy

They serve as a food source for other animals. Take nitrogen gas from the air and change it into

ammonia.– The creation of nitrates limits the plant growth in the

area. Blue-green bacteria produce oxygen as a byproduct of

their photosynthesis. Other Bacteria practice respiration. Bacteria can be heterotrophic, autotrophic, or

chemotrophic

ImagesImages

Hot springs at Yosemite National Park

BACTERIA

…the end.

Additional reproduction notes: Bacteria share genetic information in the process of conjugation. One bacterium injects DNA into another before the cell divides into two,

This slide show provides good information