module no 1 :automobile engineering (mumbai university )
TRANSCRIPT
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:9;;-:9;:
XZKL^@B^^BOL ^R^XD@ s @z, WKBJFKW WBXFOJK LKBE
@OHTCDLO ; KTXO@OJBCDDLMBLDDZBLM
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
@OHTCD LO ;
;, Blxzohtnxbol
K, Nck~~bgbnkxbol og ktxo`ojbcd~
:, Nctxnf
K, Hdxkbc~
J, Zd{tbzd`dlx og xfd nctxnfd~
N, Xryd~ og Nctxnfd~ klh Nctxnf kxdzbkc
H, Hd~bml og Nctxnf
D, Gctbh Notycblm
G, Xzotjcd ~fooxblm klh Zd`dhbd~,
>, Xzkl~`b~~bol~
k, Ldnd~~bxr og Mdkz jov
j, Xryd~ og mdkz jov
b, ^cbhblm d~f Mdkz jovbb, Nol~xklx `d~f Mdkz jov
bbb, ^rlnfzo`d~f Mdkz jov
bw, Dybnrncbn Mdkz jov
n, Owdzhzbwd~ klh Frhzohrlk`bn Xoz{td nolwdzxdz
h, Xzotjcd ~fooxblm klh Zd`dhbd~,
8, Hzbwd cbld~
k, Yzoydccdz ~fkgx~ klh tlbwdz~kc aoblx~
j, Xryd~ klh nol~xztnxbol
n, Hbggdzdlx klh xryd~ og tlbwdz~kc aoblx~ klh nol~xklx wdconbxr aoblx~,
@ohtcd Lo 9; : Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
4, Cbwd kvcd klh hbggdzdlxbkc
k, Gblkc hzbwd #^ybzkc #Jdwdc #Fryobh klh ]oz hzbwd~
j, Xryd~ og cbwd kvcd~ #^d`b# xfzdd {tkzxdz klh gtcc gcokxblm kvcd~
n, Ldnd~~bxr og xfd hbggdzdlxbkc
h, Nolwdlxbolkc klh lol- cby hbggdzdlxbkc
d, Xzotjcd ~fooxblm klh Zd`dhbd~
@ohtcd Lo 9; > Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
;, NCTXNF
;,; Hdxkbc~ og nctxnf
;,: Xryd~ og nctxnf
;,> Nctxnf kxdzbkc
;,8 Hd~bml og nctxnf
;,4 Gctbh notycblm~
;,7 Xzotjcd ~fooxblm klh zd`dhbd~
@ohtcd Lo 9; 8 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,;1 - ]fkx b~ NCTXNF? Cb~x xfd xryd~ og NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -
NCTXNF
b, Nctxnf b~ k hdwbnd }fbnf xzkl~`bx~ xfd zoxkzr `oxbol og xfd dlmbld xo
xfd xzkl~`b~~bol }fdl zd{tbzdh jr xfd hzbwdz~,
bb, Conkxdh jdx}ddl xfd dlmbld klh xfd mdkz jov# bx nolldnx~ klh
hb~nolldnx~ xfd x}o tlbx~ ~`ooxfcr }bxfotx ~fone~,
XRYD^ OG NCTXNFD^
Nctxnf `kr jd nck~~bgbdh k~
;, Gzbnxbol nctxnf
k" ^blmcd yckxd nctxnf
j" @tcxbyckxd nctxnf
b, Hzr klhbb, ]dx
n" Nold Nctxnfb, Blxdzlkc klhbb, Dvxdzlkc
:, ^d`b ndlxzbgtmkc nctxnf
>, Ndlxzbgtmkc Nctxnf
8, Hbkyfzkm` nctxnf
4, Frhzktcbn Nctxnf
7, Dcdnxzo`kmldxbn Nctxnf
@ohtcd Lo 9; 4 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,:1 - ]fkx b~ zd{tbzd`dlx og xfd NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -
ZD[TBZ@DLX OG NCTXNF
;, Bx ~fotch jd kjcd xo xzkl~`bx `kvb`t` xoz{td og xfd dlmbld,
:, Bx ~fotch dlmkmd mzkhtkccr xo kwobh ~thhdl adze,
>, Bx ~fotch ld hrlk`bnkccr jkcklnd# goz fbmf ~yddh dlmbld,
8, Bx ~fotch jd kjcd xo hb~~bykxd ckzmd k`otlx og fdkx mdldzkxdh htzblm
xfd nctxnf oydzkxbol~,
4, ^bqd ~fotch jd ~`kcc klh onntybd~ cd~~ ~yknd,
7, Cbmfxdz bl }dbmfx,
=, Dk~r goz oydzkxblm ~o xfkx bx nkl oydzkxd jr ~`kcc dggozx og hzbwdz
6, Bx ~fotch fkwd ~tbxkjcd `dnfklb~` goz hk`y wbjzkxbol klh zdhtnd
lob~d htzblm yo}dz xzkl~`b~~bol,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 7 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,>1 - Cb~x xfd no`yoldlx og xfd NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -
NO@YOLDLX OG XFD NCTXNF
Xfd `kbl nctxnf no`yoldlx~ kzd
;, Nctxnf }bxf hzk} dnfklb~`,
:, Nctxnf yckxd,
>, Nctxnf cblblm,
8, Yzd~~tzd yckxd,
4, Nowdz,
@ohtcd Lo 9; = Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,81 -Dvyckbl xfd nol~xztnxbol NCTXNF YCKXD?
Kl~}dz1 -NCTXNF YCKXD
Gbmtzd 1Nctxnf Yckxd
;" Xfd nctxnf yckxd nol~b~x~ og ~xddc yckxd }bxf k ~ycbldh ndlxzkc ftj,
:" Klltckz gzbnxbol gknblm~ kzd kxxknfdh xo xfd ~xddc yckxd jr zbwdx~,
>" ^ydnbkc zd~bl~ kzd kc~o jddl t~dh xo jblh xfd gzbnxbol gknd~,
8" Xfdzd b~ k yzowb~bol og kvbkc nt~fbolblm blxdzyo~dh jdx}ddl xfd nctxnf
yckxd klh gzbnxbol gknblm~,
4" Xfd ntzwdh nt~fbolblm ~yzblm ~dm`dlx~ kzd kxxknfdh zbmbhbxr xo xfd ndlxzd
yckxd klh gzbnxbol gknblm~ kzd zbwdxdh xo xfd ~yzblm~ xo xfd~d ~yzblm~,
7" Kykzx gzo` xfd nt~fbolblm# nctxnf yckxd~ kzd kc~o yzowbhdh }bxf `dkl~ ogkj~ozjblm tlhd~bzkjcd xoz~bolkc wbjzkxbol~,
=" Xfd nctxnf yckxd goz xfb~ ytzyo~d fk~ xo jd khd bl x}o ykzx~,
6" Xfkx b~ k ndlxzkc ftj ~tjk~~d`jcr klh otxdz gknblm zblm k~~d`jcr xfd x}o
jdblm xoz~bolkccr gcdvbjcd }bxf zd~ydnxbwd dknf oxfdz,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 6 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,41 -Cb~x xfd zd{tbzd`dlx og xfd Nctxnf gknblm? Cb~x xfd xryd~ og Nctxnf
gknblm? Cb~x xfd no``ol nctxnf gknblm `kxdzbkc?
Kl~}dz1 - NCTXNF GKNBLM
Zd{tbzd`dlx~ og NCTXNF GKNBLM
;" Mooh }dkzblm yzoydzxbd~
:" Yzd~dlnd og mooh jblhdz
>" Nfdkydz
8" Fbmf nodggbnbdlx og gzbnxbol
4" Fbmf zd~b~xklnd xo fdkx
Xryd~ og NCTXNF GKNBLM
;" @bccjokzh xryd
:" @otchdh xryd
>" ]owdl
k, ^ocbh }owdl wkzbdxr
j, Ck`blkxdh }owdl wkzbdxr
NO@@OL NCTXNF GKNBLM @KXDZBKC
k, Cdkxfdz
j, Noze
n, Gkjzbn
h, K~jd~xo~
d, Zdrjd~xo~
g, Gdzoho
m, Lol k~jd~xo~ nctxnf gknblm
@ohtcd Lo 9; 2 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,41 -Dvyckbl xfd yzblnbycd og GZBNXBOL NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -YZBLNBYCD OG GZBNXBOL NCTXNF
;" Xfd ~fkgx K klh hb~n N kzd zdwocwblm kx ~o`d ~yddh L zy`,
:" ^fkgx J klh hb~n H kzd ~xkxbolkzr blbxbkccr }fdl xfd nctxnf b~ lox
dlmkmdh, Lo} kyycr ~o`d kvbkc goznd ] xo xfd hb~n H ~o xfkx bx no`d~
bl nolxknx }bxf hb~n N ,
>" K~ ~ool k~ xfd nolxknx b~ `khd# xfd goznd og gzbnxbol jdx}ddl N klh H
}bcc no`d blxo yckr klh nol~d{tdlxcr xfd hb~n H }bcc kc~o ~xkzx
zdwocwblm,
8" Bg ] b~ blnzdk~dh mzkhtkccr# ~yddh og H }bcc blnzdk~d nozzd~yolhblmcr xbcc
xfd ~xkmd no`d~ }fdl xfd ~yddh og H jdno`d~ d{tkc xo xfd N,
4" Xfdl xfd nctxnf b~ ~kbh xo jd gtccr dlmkmdh,
Cdx
]0kvbkc cokh kyycbdh
0nodggbnbdlx og gzbnxbol
X0xoz{td xzkl~`bxxdh
Z0dggdnxbwd `dkl zkhbt~ og xfd gzbnxbol ~tzgknd
Xfdl# X 0 }
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;9 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,71 -]fkx kzd xfd wkzbot~ no`yoldlx og NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -NCTXNF NO@YOLDLX^1
Xfd `kbl no`yoldlx~ og k gzbnxbol nctxnf kzd1
;, Nctxnf yckxd
:, Nctxnf gknblm
>, Yzd~~tzd yckxd
8, ^yzblm~
4, Jdkzblm
;, Nctxnf yckxd1
k, Nctxnf yckxd nol~b~x~ og ~xddc yckxd }bxf k ~ycbldh ndlxzkc ftj, Gzbnxbolkc
gknblm~ kzd kxxknfdh xo xfd ~xddc yckxd jr zbwdx~,
j, Xfd ntzwdh nt~fbolblm ~yzblm~ ~dm`dlx~ kzd kxxknfdh zbmbhcr xo xfd
ndlxdz yckxd klh xfd gzbnxbol gknblm~ kzd zbwdxdh xo xfd~d ~yzblm~,
n, Xfd nctxnf yckxd b~ `khd bl x}o ykzx~ b,d, k ndlxzkc ftj k~~d`jcr klh otxdz
gknblm zblm k~~d`jcr,
:, Nctxnf gknblm1
k, Bx b~ zd{tbzdh xo fkwd mooh }dkzblm yzoydzxbd~ klh ~fotch fkwd nodggbnbdlx
og gzbnxbol klh fbmf zd~b~xklnd xo fdkx,
j, Xfd no``olcr t~dh nctxnf gknblm `kxdzbkc~ kzd1
Cdkxfdz
noze
gkjzbn
k~jd~xo~
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;; Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Zdjkxd~ klh gzddho`,
>, Yzd~~tzd yckxd1
k, Fbmf xdl~bcd mzkr bzol b~ xfd o~x no``olcr t~dh `kxdzbkc goz yzd~~tzd
yckxd,
j, Xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd ~fotch jd zbmbh dlotmf xo hb~xozx tlhdz yzd~~tzd og
nctxnf ~yzblm~ klh kc~o ~fotch fkwd ~tggbnbdlx `k~~ xo kj~ozj klh nolhtnx
k}kr xfd fdkx mdldzkxdh htzblm hb~dlmkmd`dlx,
8, ^yzblm~1
k, Xfd nctxnf ~yzblm~ kzd `khd gzo` obc xd`ydzdh ~yzblm ~xddc }bzd oz ~bcbnol-
nfzo`d ~xddc,
4, Jdkzblm1
k" Xfb~ b~ dbxfdz k xfzt~x jkcc jdkzblm }fbnf b~ yknedh }bxf mzdk~d goz
ctjzbnkxbol oz mzkyfbxd b`yzdmlkxdh old }fbnf hod~ lox zd{tbzd ctjzbnkxbol,
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;: Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,=1 -Dvyckbl xfd `dnfklbnkc oydzkxbol xfd NCTXNF `dnfklb~`?
Kl~}dz1 -@DNFKLBNKC OYDZKXBOL OG NCTXNF @DNFKLB^@
;, Ol yzd~~blm xfd nctxnf ydhkc# xfd ~fkgx K xtzl~# }fbnf `owd~ xfd goze cdwdz
klh xfdl xfzotmf ~fkgx J# knxtkxd~ xfd zdcdk~d goze xo yzd~~ xfd xfzt~x
jdkzblm,
:, Xfb~ `owd`dlx b~ gtzxfdz nolwdrdh xo nctxnf cdwdz~ xo hb~dlmkmd xfd
nctxnf,
>, ]fdl xfd nctxnf ydhkc b~ yzd~~dh# xfd xfzt~x jdkzblm b~ lox yzd~~dh
b``dhbkxdcr,
8, Zkxfdz k ykzx og xfd ydhkc `owd`dlx b~ ytzyo~dcr edyx bhcd,
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;> Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
4, Xfb~ b~ hold xo kwobh k zkybh }dkz og xfd xfzt~x jdkzblm klh xfd nctxnf
yckxd~ klh b~ nkccdh nctxnf gzdd ydhkc yckr,
7, T~tkccr xfb~ b~ edyx kjotx :4`` kx xfd ydhkc,
[,61 -Dvyckbl xfd Frhzktcbn oydzkxbol xfd NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -FRHZKTCBN OYDZKXBOL OG NCTXNF
Gbmtzd 1Frhzktcbn oydzkxbol og xfd Nctxnf
;, Bl fdkwr htxr kyycbnkxbol~ xfd goznd zd{tbzdh xo hb~dlmkmd xfd nctxnf
jdno`d dvnd~~bwd,
:, Xfb~ nkl jd zd`dhbdh jr t~blm frhzktcbn oydzkxbol,>, Xfb~ xryd og oydzkxbol b~ ~tbxkjcd goz wdfbncd~ bl }fbnf xfd nctxnf ydhkc klh
xfd nctxnf fkwd xo jd conkxdh xoo gkz k}kr gzo` dknf oxfdz,
8, Bl xfb~ ~r~xd`# xfd nctxnf ydhkc oydzkxd~ xfd yb~xol bl xfd nctxnf k~xdz
nrcblhdz,
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;8 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
4, Xfd frhzktcbn yzd~~tzd xft~ yzohtndh b~ xfdl xzkl~`bxxdh xfzotmf
frhzktcbn cbld~ xo xfd ~ckwd nrcblhdz nolxkblblm xfd yb~xol }fbnf b~
nolldnxdh xo xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd,
7, Xfb~ yzd~~tzd owd~ xfd yb~xol xfdzd jr zdcdk~blm xfd nctxnf,
=, Xfd khwklxkmd~ og xfd ~r~xd` kzd no`ycbnkxdh nctxnf cblekmd~# wbjzkxbol
klh }dkz og xfd cblekmd~ kzd dcb`blkxdh,
[,21 -Dvyckbl xfd Wkntt`~ oydzkxbol xfd NCTXNF `dnfklb~`?
Kl~}dz1 - WKNTT@ OYDZKXBOL OG XFD NCTXNF @DNFKLB^@
Gbmtzd 1 Wkntt` Oydzkxbol og xfd Nctxnf `dnfklb~`
;" Xfd ykzxbkc wkntt` dvb~xblm bl xfd dlmbld `klbgoch b~ ytx xo t~d xo
oydzkxd xfd nctxnf,
:" K zd~dzwobz b~ nolldnxdh xo xfd dlmbld `klbgoch xfzotmf k lol zdxtzl
wkcwd,
>" Xfd zd~dzwobz b~ gtzxfdz nolldnxdh xo k wkntt` nrcblhdz xfzotmf k
~ocdlobh oydzkxdh wkcwd,
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;4 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
8" Xfd ~ocdlobh b~ oydzkxdh gzo` xfd jkxxdzr xfzotmf k ~}bxnf }fbnf b~
oydzkxdh jr k mdkz cdwdz,
4" Wkntt` nrcblhdz nolxkbl~ k yb~xol }fbnf b~ dvyo~dh xo kx`o~yfdzbn
yzd~~tzd ol old ~bhd, Bl xfd ykzx xfzoxxcd yo~bxbol# xfd wkntt` bl xfd
dlmbld `klbgoch b~ noccdnxdh bl~bhd xfd zd~dzwobz,
7" Htzblm oydzkxbol xfd ~}bxnf bl xfd mdkz cdwdz zd`kbl~ oydl klh xfd
~ocdlobh oydzkxdh wkcwd zd`kbl~ bl xfd joxxo` yo~bxbol,
=" ]fdl xfd hzbwdz nfklmd~ xfd mdkz# xfd ~ocdlobh dldzmbqd~ }fbnf
knxtkxd~ xfd yb~xol }fbnf gtzxfdz oydl~ xfd wkntt` gzo` xfd zd~dzwobz
xo xfd wkntt` nrcblhdz,
6" Xfd nctxnf t~dh b~ kl ozhblkzr gzbnxbol nctxnf,
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;7 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,;91 -Dvyckbl xfd }ozeblm og ^BLMCD YCKXD NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -^BLMCD YCKXD NCTXNF
^blmcd yckxd nctxnf b~ `o~x no``ol xryd og xfd nctxnf t~dh bl `oxoz
wdfbncd,
Xfd ~b`ycbgbdh ~edxnf og ^blmcd Yckxd Nctxnf b~ k~ ~fo}l bl gbmtzd,
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;= Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Gbmtzd 1^blmcd Yckxd Nctxnf
;, Bl k ~blmcd yckxd nctxnf# xfd nctxnf yckxd b~ fdch jdx}ddl gcr}fddc klh
yzd~~tzd yckxd,
:, Xfdzd kzd ~yzblm~ kzzklmdh nbznt`gdzdlxbkccr }fbnf yzowbhd kvbkc goznd
xo eddy xfd nctxnf bl dlmkmdh yo~bxbol,
>, Xfd gzbnxbol yckxd b~ `otlxdh ol k ftj }fbnf b~ ~ycbldh gzo` bl~bhd klh
xft~ bx b~ gzdd xo ~cbhd owdz xfd mdkz jov ~fkgx,
8, Gzbnxbol gknblm b~ kxxknfdh xo xfd gzbnxbol yckxd ol joxf ~bhd~ xo yzowbhd
x}o klmtckz gzbnxbol ~tzgknd~ goz xzkl~`b~~bol og yo}dz,
4, K ydhkc b~ yzowbhdh xo ytcc xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd kmkbl~x xfd ~yzblm goznd
}fdl dwdz bx b~ zd{tbzdh xo hb~dlmkmd,
7, ]fdl xfd nctxnf ydhkc b~ yzd~~dh# xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd b~ owdh xo xfd
zbmfx kmkbl~x xfd goznd og xfd ~yzblm,
=, Xfb~ b~ knfbdwdh jr `dkl~ og k ~tbxkjcd cblekmd klh k xfzo} otx
jdkzblm,
6, ]bxf xfb~ owd`dlx og xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd# xfd gzbnxbol yckxd b~ zdhtndh
klh xfd nctxnf b~ hb~dlmkmdh,
Khwklxkmd~ og ^blmcd Yckxd Nctxnf
;, Mdkz ~fbgxblm b~ dk~bdz
:, @ozd zdcbkjcd
Hb~khwklxkmd~ og ^blmcd Yckxd Nctxnf
;, ^yzblm fk~ xo jd ~xbggdz, ^o mzdkxdz goznd b~ zd{tbzdh xo jd kyycbdh
jr xfd hzbwdz }fbcd hb~dlmkmblm,
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;6 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,;;1 -Dvyckbl xfd }ozeblm og @TCXBYCKXD NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -
@TCXBYCKXD NCTXNF
@ohtcd Lo 9; ;2 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Gbmtzd 1@tcxbyckxd Nctxnf
Xfd lddh og xfd @tcxbyckxd nctxnf kzb~d~ htd xo dbxfdz
b, ^yknd cb`bxkxbol ~tnf k~ bl : }fddcdz~,
bb, Zd{tbzd`dlx og fbmf xoz{td xzkl~`b~~bol k~ bl zknblm nkz~ klh olfdkwr xzkl~yozx wdfbncd~,
;, @tcxb yckxd nctxnf fk~ k lt`jdz og nctxnf yckxd~ k~ no`ykzdh xo ~blmcd yckxd,
:, Xfd blnzdk~d bl lt`jdz og gzbnxbol ~tzgknd~ blnzdk~d xfd nkyknbxr og xfd
nctxnf xo xzkl~`bx xoz{td# ~bqd zd`kbl~ gbvdh,
>, Htzblm nctxnf dlmkmd`dlx# ~yzblm yzd~~tzd goznd~ xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd
xo}kzh~ dlmbld gcr}fddc, Xfb~ nkt~d~ xfd gzbnxbol yckxd klh xfd ~xddc hzbwdl
yckxd~ xo jd fdch xomdxfdz, Gzbnxbol cone~ xfd` xomdxfdz xbmfxcr,
8, ]fdl xfd nctxnf mdx zdcdk~dh# xfd `owd`dlx og xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd zdcdk~d~
xfd ~yzblm yzd~~tzd fochblm xfd hzbwblm klh hzbwdl yckxd~ xomdxfdz,
@ohtcd Lo 9; :9 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
21/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,;:1 -Dvyckbl xfd }ozeblm og HBKYFZKM@ NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -HBKYFZKM@ NCTXNF
Gbmtzd 1Hbkyfzkm` Nctxnf
;, Xfd hbkyfzkm` xryd nctxnf t~d~ k hbkyfzkm` oz k nolbnkc ~yzblm bl~xdkh
og nobc ~yzblm xo yzohtnd khd{tkxd yzd~~tzd goz dlmkmblm xfd nctxnf,
:, Xfd nctxnf nowdz b~ ~dntzdh xo xfd dlmbld gcr}fddc,
>, Xfd ybwox zblm~ kzd fdch bl xfd nctxnf nowdz,
8, Xfd otxdz zb` og xfd hbkyfzkm` ~yzblm b~ bl nolxknx }bxf xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd,
4, Bl dlmkmdh yo~bxbol# xfd hbkyfzkm` ~yzblm eddy~ xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd bl gbz
nolxknx }bxf xfd gcr}fddc,
7, Xo hb~dlmkmd xfd nctxnf# nctxnf ydhkc b~ yzd~~dh }fbnf nkt~d~ xfd cblekmd
xo `owd xfd xfzo} otx jdkzblm goz}kzh,
@ohtcd Lo 9; :; Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
22/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
=, Xfb~ nkt~d~ xfd zblm og xfd hbkyfzkm` ~yzblm `owd jkne}kzh# }fbnf b~
k}kr gzo` gcr}fddc, Xfb~ fkyydl~ jdnkt~d hbkyfzkm` ~yzblm b~ ybwoxdh,
Khwklxkmd~
;, Hod~ lox fkwd klr zdcdk~d cdwdz~,
:, Cd~~ dggozx b~ zd{tbzdh,
>, No`yknx bl hd~bml,
[,;>1 -Dvyckbl xfd }ozeblm og NDLXZBGTMKC NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 NDLXZBGTMKC NCTXNF
Gbmtzd 1Ndlxzbgtmkc Nctxnf
;, Bl k ndlxzbgtmkc nctxnf# xfd ~yzblm~ kzd dcb`blkxdh kcxomdxfdz,:, Olcr xfd ndlxzbgtmkc goznd b~ t~dh xo kyycr xfd zd{tbzdh yzd~~tzd xo eddy
xfd nctxnf bl dlmkmdh yo~bxbol,
>, Xfd khwklxkmd og ndlxzbgtmkc nctxnf b~ xfkx lo ~dykzkxd nctxnf ydhkc b~
zd{tbzdh xfkx b~ nctxnf b~ oydzkxdh ktxo`kxbnkccr hdydlhblm tyol dlmbld
~yddh,
@ohtcd Lo 9; :: Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
23/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
8, K~ xfd ~yddh blnzdk~d~# xfd }dbmfx gcbd~ xfdzd jr oydzkxblm xfd jdcc nzkle
cdwdz }fbnf yzd~~d~ xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd,
4, Xfb~ goznd b~ xzkl~`bxxdh xo xfd nctxnf hb~n jr dkl~ og ~yzblm k,
7, Xfd nctxnf hb~n nolxkblblm gzbnxbol cblblm b~ xft~ yzd~~dh kmkbl~x xfd
gcr}fddc xfdzd jr dlmkmblm xfd nctxnf,
=, Xfd ~yzblm j ~dzwd~ xo eddy xfd nctxnf hb~dlmkmdh kx co} ~yddh, Xfd
~xoyydz cb`bx~ xfd k`otlx og ndlxzbgtmkc goznd,
[,;81 -Dvyckbl xfd }ozeblm og ^D@BNDLXZBGTMKCNCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -^D@B NDLXZBGTMKC NCTXNF
Gbmtzd 1^d`b-Ndlxzbgtmkc Nctxnf
;" Bl k ~d`b ndlxzbgtmkc nctxnf# ~yzblm~ kzd hd~bmldh xo xzkl~`bx xfd xoz{td kx
loz`kc ~yddh# }fbcd goz fbmfdz ~yddh# ndlxzbgtmkc goznd k~~b~x~ bl xoz{td
xzkl~`b~~bol,
@ohtcd Lo 9; :> Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
24/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
:" Xfzdd fblmdh klh }dbmfxdh cdwdz~ kzd kzzklmdh kx d{tkc blxdzwkc~,
>" Kx `ohdzkxd ~yddh~ xfd yzd~~tzd og xfd ~yzblm b~ ~tggbnbdlx xo xzkl~`bx xfd
zd{tbzdh xoz{td,
8" Fo}dwdz kx fbmfdz ~yddh~# xfd }dbmfx# htd xo xfd ndlxzbgtmkc goznd `owd~
kjotx gtcnzt` xfdzd jr yzd~~blm xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd,
4" Xfd ndlxzbgtmkc goznd b~ yzoyozxbolkc xo xfd ~{tkzd og xfd ~yddh ~o xfkx
dlotmf yzd~~tzd cdwdc b~ kxxkbldh,
[,;41 -Dvyckbl xfd }ozeblm og DCDNXZO@KMLDXBN NCTXNF?
Kl~}dz1 -DCDNXZO @KMLDXBN NCTXNF
Gbmtzd 1Dcdnxzo`kmdldxbn Nctnxf
;, Xfd nctxnf fk~ k nolwdlxbolkc xryd og gzbnxbol hb~n,
:, ]fdl jkxxdzr ntzzdlx b~ ~tyycbdh xo xfd kmldxbn nobc# kl dcdnxzo`kmldx
bl xfd gcr}fddc mdx~ dldzmbqdh,
@ohtcd Lo 9; :8 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
25/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
>, Lo} xfd kz`kxtzd b~ ytccdh jr xfd dcdnxzo`kmldx no`yzd~~blm xfd yt~f
ogg ~yzblm~,
8, Xfd yzd~~tzd yckxd k~~d`jcr `owd~ xo}kzh~ xfd gcr}fddc `ked~ xfd
nctxnf yckxd nolxknx bl jdx}ddl gcr}fddc klh yzd~~tzd yckxd,
4, Xfd dcdnxzo`kmldxbn nctxnf b~ jd~x ~tbxdh }fdzd zd`oxd oydzkxbol b~
hd~bzdh ~blnd lo cblekmd~ kzd zd{tbzdh xo nolxzoc bx~ dlmkmd`dlx,
[,;71 -^fozx loxd~ ol GCTBH GCR]FDDC ?
Kl~}dz1 -GCTBH GCR]FDDC
Gbmtzd 1Gctbh Gcr}fddc
;" Xfd gctbh gcr}fddc oz frhzktcbn notycblm b~ loz`kccr t~dh bl ktxo`kxbn
xzkl~`b~~bol~,
@ohtcd Lo 9; :4 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
26/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
:" Bx nol~b~x og x}o `d`jdz~ xfd hzbwblm klh xfd hzbwdl,
>" Xfd hzbwblm `d`jdz b~ kxxknfdh xo xfd dlmbld gcr}fddc klh xfd hzbwdl
`d`jdz xo xfd xzkl~`b~~bol ~fkgx,
8" Xfd x}o `d`jdz~ ho lox fkwd klr hbzdnx nolxknx, Xfd ~fdcc b~ kc}kr~ gbccdh
}bxf gctbh og ~tbxkjcd wb~no~bxr,
4" ]fdl xfd gcr}fddc ~xkzx~ zoxkxblm xfd obc bl xfd b`ydccdz &yt`y" ~xkzx~
`owblm, Htd xo xfd goznd og xfd zoxkxbol xfd obc b`yblmd~ ol xfd gblh~ og
xfd xtzjbld klh nkt~d~ bx xo `owd, Bl xfb~ }kr xfd `owblm cb{tbh xzkl~`bx~
xfd dlmbld yo}dz xo klr no`yoldlx~ xo }fbnf xfd xtzjbld b~ kxxknfdh,
7" Xfdozdxbnkccr xfd xtzjbld ~yddh jdno`d~ kc`o~x d{tkc xo xfkx og xfd yt`y
olcr tlhdz xfd jd~x oydzkxblm nolhbxbol }fdl xfd dggbnbdlnr og xfd gctbh
notycblm b~ fbmfd~x, Jtx t~tkccr xtzjbld ~yddh b~ cd~~ xfkl xfkx og xfd
yt`y, Xfd ckm og xfd xtzjbld jdfblh xfd yt`y b~ elo}l k~ ~cby,
=" Goz dlmbld ~yddh jdco} kjotx 499zy` ydzndlxkmd og ~cby b~ ;99 }fbnf
`dkl~ xfd nctxnf b~ gtccr hb~dlmkmd, K~ xfd dlmbld ~yddh blnzdk~d~ xfd
ydzndlxkmd og ~cby zkybhcr gkcc~ jdco} ;9$ jdrolh }fbnf xfd ~cby
hdnzdk~d~ mzkhtkccr xo k ~`kcc wkctd og kjotx :$,
Khwklxkmd~k, Lo }dkz ol owblm ykzx~
j, Lo khat~x dlx~ xo jd khd
n, Lo `kblxdlklnd ldnd~~kzr dvndyx obc cdwdc
h, ^b ycd hd~bml
d, Lo adze ol xzkl~`b~~bol bl xfd mdkz dlmkmd`dlx,
g, Lo ~ebcc zd{tbzdh goz oydzkxblm
m, Nkz nkl ~xoy bl mdkz klh `owdh og,
@ohtcd Lo 9; :7 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
27/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,;=1 -^fozx loxd~ ol Nctxnf Khat~x`dlx?
Kl~}dz1
NCTXNF KHAT^X@DLX1
;" Xfd olcr khat~x`dlx zd{tbzdh goz nctxnf b~ NCTXNF GZDDYDHKC YCKR,
:" Htd xo nolxbltot~ t~d og nctxnf oz htd xo }dkz og Zdcdk~d &xfzotmfotx"
jdkzblm oz htd xo fkjbx og hzbwdz jr eddyblm goox nolxbltot~cr ol ydhkc#
xfdzd }bcc jd }dkz bl gzbnxbol fkwblm cblblm og nctxnf,
>" Xo kwobh xfb~# xfdzd ~fotch jd gzdd ydhkc yckr bl nctxnf ydhkc ~o xfkx goz
ndzxkbl xb`d xfd nctxnf }bcc lox jd oydzkxdh dwdl xfotmf xfd ydhkc `owd~,
8" Xfb~ khat~x`dlx `kr jd wkzbdh kcolm }bxf xfd }dkz og nctxnf cblblm oz
zdcdk~d jdkzblm dxn,4" Bx nkl jd hold jr nfklmblm xfd cblekmd jdx}ddl xfd ydhkc klh zdcdk~d
goze,
7" Bx~ t~tkc wkctd b~ bl jdx}ddl >9 klh >4 ``,
@ohtcd Lo 9; := Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
28/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[ ,;61 -Dvyckbl xfd xzotjcd ~fooxblm klh zd`dhbd~ og NCTNXF ?
Kl~}dz1 -
NCTXNF XZOTJCD ^FOOXBLM1
Xfd nctxnf `kr gknd `o~x no``ol xzotjcd~ lk`dcr
b, Nctxnf ~cby
bb, Nctxnf hzkm
bbb, Nctxnf athhdz
bw, Nctxnf zkxxcd
w, Elone
^o`d og }fbnf kzd dxn, hb~nt~~dh fdzd1
b, Nctxnf ~cby1
;, ^o`dxb`d~ xfd nctxnf `kr ~cby }fbcd dlmkmd`dlx,
:, Bl xfb~ nolhbxbol# bx gkbc~ xo xzkl~`bx xfd dlmbld xoz{td no`ycdxdcr,
>, K ckzmd k`otlx og fdkx mdldzkxdh }fbnf nkt~d~ }dkzblm klh dwdl jtzlblm
og nctxnf yckxd,
8, Xfd `kbl zdk~ol goz nctxnf ~cbyyblm b~
k, Blnozzdnx nctxnf cblekmd }fbnf b~ xo jd khat~xdh,
j, Obc oz mzdk~d ol gzbnxbol cblblm~ Xo ncdkl xfd cblblm,
n, ]dke oz jzoedl nctxnf ~yzblm~ Zdycknd xfd ~yzblm~,h, Blnozzdnxcr khat~xdh zdcdk~d cdwdz~ klh gblmdz~ xo jd khat~xdh,
bb, Nctxnf hzkm1
@ohtcd Lo 9; :6 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
29/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
;, ^o`d xb`d~ }fdl xfd nctxnf b~ xo jd hb~dlmkmdh# bx b~ lox hb~dlmkmdh
no`ycdxdcr klh bx yzowbhd~ hbggbntcxcr b~ nfklmblm xfd mdkz~ }fbnf b~ nkccdh
nctxnf hzkm,
:, Xfd gocco}blm kzd xfd zdk~ol~ klh zd`dhbd~,
k, Dvnd~~bwd gzdd ydhkc yckr xo jd khat~xdh,
j, Blnozzdnx khat~x`dlx og zdcdk~d cdwdz~ ~fotch jd khat~xdh,
n, Yzd~~tzd yckxd hk`kmdh xo jd zdyckndh,
h, Nctxnf yckxd hk`kmdh xo jd zdyckndh,
d, Nctxnf yckxd `kr jd ~dbqdh ol nctxnf ~fkgx ~ycbnd~ Xfd ~ycbnd~ `kr
jd ncdkldh klh ck`blkxdh,
bbb, Nctxnf athhdz1
^o`d xb`d~ k~ xfd nctxnf b~ dlmkmdh# k wbjzkxbol oz athhdz b~ yzohtndh
bl~xdkh og ~`ooxf mzkhtkc dlmkmd`dlx,
Xfd gocco}blm kzd xfd zdk~ol~ klh zd`dhbd~
Coo~d oz }ozl otx nctxnf gknblm~ nctxnf yckxd ~fotch jd zdyckndh,
Coo~d zbwdx~ Zdycknd xfd nctxnf yckxd,
@b~kcbml`dlx og yzd~~tzd yckxd }bxf gcr}fddc xo jd khat~xdh,
Gcr }fddc `kr jd coo~d ol xfd nzkle~fkgx gcklmd xo jd xbmfxdldh,
Jdlx ~ycblxdh nctxnf ~fkgx `kr jd ~xzkbmfxdl oz xo jd nfklmdh,
@ohtcd Lo 9; :2 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
30/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,;21 -Dvyckbl xfd gtlnxbol/ytzyo~d og xzkl~`b~~bol ~r~xd` ?
Kl~}dz1 -
GTLNXBOL /YTZYO^D OG XZKL^@B^^BOL ^R^XD@
;" Xzkl~`b~~bol ~r~xd` `dkl~ xfd }focd `dnfklb~` xfkx xzkl~`bx~ xfd
yo}dz gzo` xfd dlmbld nzkle~fkgx xo xfd }fddc~,
:" Xfd xzkl~`b~~bol ~r~xd` nol~b~x~ og k nctxnf# mdkz jov# yzoydccdz ~fkgx#
zdkz kvcd klh hbggdzdlxbkc mdkz jdx}ddl xfd hzbwblm }fddc~,
>" Xfd gtlnxbol~ og xzkl~`b~~bol ~r~xd` kzd
k" Xo hb~nolldnx xfd dlmbld gzo` xfd zokh }fddc~ }fdl hdnbhd,
j" Nolldnx xfd dlmbld xo xfd }fddc~ }bxfotx ~fone,
n" Xo wkzr xfd cdwdzkmd jdx}ddl dlmbld klh hzbwd }fddc~,
h" Zdhtnd xfd dlmbld ~yddh ydz`kldlxcr bl k gbvdh zkxbo
d" Xo xtzl xfd hzbwd xfzotmf k zbmfx klmcd,
g" Xo `ked yzowb~bol ~tnf xfkx xfd hzbwblm }fddc~ `kr zoxkxd kx hbggdzdlx~yddh~ }fbcd xkeblm xtzl~,
m" Xo `ked yzowb~bol goz xfd xtzlblm og xfd zokh ~yzblm~ }fbnf nkt~d~ k
zdckxbwd `owd`dlx jdx}ddl xfd dlmbld klh hzbwblm }fddc
@ohtcd Lo 9; >9 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
31/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,:91 -Hzk} xfd ldkx ~edxnf og xzkl~`b~~bol ~r~xd` bl ktxo`ojbcd~ ?
Kl~}dz1 -
Gbmtzd1 Xzkl~`b~~bol ^r~xd` bl Ktxo`ojbcd~
@ohtcd Lo 9; >; Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
32/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Gbmtzd1 Xzkl~`b~~bol ^r~xd` bl Ktxo`ojbcd
[,:;1-]fkx b~ xfd ldnd~~bxr og xfd mdkz jov kx kcc bl xfd ktxo`ojbcd~?
Kl~}dz1 -LDND^^BXR OG MDKZ JOV
;" ]fdl xfd wdfbncd `owd~# xfd xoxkc zd~b~xklnd ol wdfbncd~ hod~ lox zd`kbl
nol~xklx jtx wkzbd~ }bxf ~yddh,
:" Xo khwklnd oz yzoydc xfd wdfbncd dlmbld `t~x wkzr }bxf xzknxbwd dggozx }bxf
wkzbkxbol og xoxkc zd~b~xklnd,
>" Bg xzknxbwd dggozx b~ dvnddhblm xfd ~t` og kcc xfd zd~b~xklnd# xfdl xfd dvnd~~
hzbwblm goznd }bcc knndcdzkxd xfd wdfbncd,
8" Bg xzknxbwd dggozx b~ cd~~ xfkl xfd ~t` og kcc xfd zd~b~xklnd# xfdl xfd dvnd~~
hzbwblm goznd }bcc zdknndcdzkxd xfd wdfbncd,
4" Xfdzgozd# xfd wkzbkxbol og zd~b~xklnd klh xzknxbwd dggozx og xfd wdfbncd kxwkzbot~ ~yddh~# xfd xzkl~`b~~bol ~r~xd` b~ ldnd~~kzr,
[,::1 -Cb~x xfd xryd og xfd mdkz jov t~dh bl xfd ktxo`ojbcd~? Dvyckbl xfd
gtlnxbol og mdkz jov
@ohtcd Lo 9; >: Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
33/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Kl~}dz1 -XRYD^ OG MDKZ JOV
;" ^cbhblm `d~f mdkz jov,
:" Nol~xklx `d~f mdkz jov,
>" ^rlnfzo`d~f mdkz jov,
8" Dybnrncbn mdkz jov,
Gtlnxbol og xfd mdkz jov
Xfd `kbl gtlnxbol~ og k mdkz jov kzd
;, Xo yzowbhd k `dkl~ xo wkzr xfd cdwdzkmd oz xoz{td zkxbo jdx}ddl dlmbld
klh zokh }fddc~,
:, Xo yzowbhd k ldtxzkc yo~bxbol ~o xfkx xfd dlmbld nkl jd hb~nolldnxdh oggxfd zokh }fddc~,
>, K `dkl~ xo zdwdz~d xfd hbzdnxbol og zoxkxbol og xfd hzbwd,
[,:>1 -Cb~x klh dvyckbl xfd wkzbot~ zd~b~xklnd~ knxblm ol xfd wdfbncd~?
Kl~}dz1 -
Wkzbot~ zokh zd~b~xklnd~ xo xfd wdfbncd~
Xfd xoxkc zd~b~xklnd xo xfd wdfbncd `oxbol b~ no``olcr
;, Zd~b~xklnd htd xo }blh
:, Zd~b~xklnd htd xo mzkhbdlx
>, @b~ndcckldot~ zd~b~xklnd
Xfd xoxkc zd~b~xklnd goz ~k`d xryd og zokh~ }bxf hbggdzdlx mzkhbdlx `kr jd
zdyzd~dlxdh jr ntzwd~,
@ohtcd Lo 9; >> Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
34/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Xfd xzknxbwd dggozx og k wdfbncd kx ykzxbntckz mdkz b~ `blb`t` kx blbxbkc yoblx
klh blnzdk~d~ }bxf xfd ~yddh# ydke~ kx ~o`d oyxb t` ~yddh klh
hdnzdk~d~ jdrolh xfkx, Xfd mzkyf ~fo}~ xfd xzknxbwd dggozx bl gbz~x ~dnolh
klh xoy mdkz~ zd~ydnxbwdcr,
Lo} nol~bhdz xfd mzkyf }fbnf b~ ojxkbldh jr ~tydz b`yo~blm xfd kjowd
gbmtzd~,
Fdzd K b~ xfd ~xkjbcbqblm ~yddh goz mdkz > bg k wdfbncd kx mzkhbdlx, Bg k
wdfbncd kx mzkhbdlx ; fk~ k cd~~ ~yddh J xfdl xfd dvnd~~ xzknxbwd dggozx
}fbnf knndcdzkxd~ bx xo ~yddh K, ^b`bckzcr bg xfd ~yddh kx klr bl~xklx b~ N
xfdl xfd dvnd~~ zd~b~xklnd hdndcdzkxd~ bx xo K, Bg xfd wdfbncd fk~ xo `owd
xfzotmf mzkhbdlx BBB xfdl bx fk~ xo jd ~fbgxdh xo xfd ldvx mdkz# ~blnd xfd
~xkjbcbqblm ~yddh H,
@ohtcd Lo 9; >8 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
35/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,:81 -Dvyckbl xfd ^cbhblm @d~f Mdkz Jov?
Kl~}dz1 -^CBHBLM @D^F MDKZ JOV
Gbmtzd1 ^cbhblm `d~f mdkz jov
;" Xfb~ b~ xfd ~b ycd~x og mdkz jovd~,
@ohtcd Lo 9; >4 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
36/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
:" Bx nol~b~x~ og xfzdd ~fkgx~# k ~dx og mdkz~ mdkz ~dcdnxoz `dnfklb~` klh
mdkz ~fbgx cdwdz,
>" Xfd dlmbld b~ notycdh xfzotmf xfd nctxnf xo xfd nctxnf ~fkgx oz blytx ~fkgx,
8" K ckr ~fkgx oz notlxdz ~fkgx }fbnf b~ kzzklmdh ykzkccdc xo xfd `kbl ~fkgx
nkzzbdz~ mdkz~ og hbggdzdlx ~bqd }fbnf kzd kcc gbvdh,
4" Xfd blytx ~fkgx mdkz `d~fd~ nolxbltot~cr }bxf xfd hzbwdl mdkz ol xfd ckr
~fkgx,
7" Xfd `kbl ~fkgx b~ ~ycbldh klh mdkz~ nkl jd ~cbhd xo `ked bx `d~f }bxf
mdkz~ ol xfd ckr ~fkgx,
=" Xfd wkzbot~ mdkz zdhtnxbol b~ ojxkbldh jr ~cbhblm xfd kyyzoyzbkxd mdkz ol
xfd `kbl ~fkgx xo `ked bx `d~f }bxf nozzd~yolhblm mdkz ol xfd ckr ~fkgx,
6" Zdwdz~d mdkz b~ kc~o yzowbhdh jr xfd fdcy og bhcdz mdkz }fbnf b~ yzowbhdh bl
jdx}ddl xfd ckr ~fkgx mdkz klh `kbl ~fkgx mdkz,
[,:41 -Dvyckbl xfd Nol~xklx @d~f Mdkz Jov? Mbwd xfd khwklkxmd~?
Kl~}dz1 -NOL^XKLX @D^F MDKZ JOV
Gbmtzd 1Nol~xklx @d~f Mdkz jov
@ohtcd Lo 9; >7 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
37/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
;" Bl xfb~ xryd og mdkz jov kcc xfd mdkz~ ol xfd ckr ~fkgx kzd bl nol~xklx `d~f
}bxf xfd nozzd~yolhblm mdkz~ ol xfd `kbl ~fkgx,
:" Mdkz~ ol xfd `kbl ~fkgx kzd gzdd xo zoxkxd &Jdkzblm",
>" Hom nctxnfd~ kzd yzowbhdh }fbnf kzd gzdd xo ~cbhd ol xfd `kbl ~fkgx, Mdkz~
ol xfd ckr ~fkgx xo kzd gbvdh,
8" ]fdl xfd cdgx hom nctxnf b~ ~cbhd xo xfd cdgx jr `dkl~ og xfd ~dcdnxoz
`dnfklb~`# bx~ xddxf kzd dlmkmdh }bxf xfo~d ol xfd nctxnf mdkz klh }d
mdx xfd hbzdnx mdkz,
4" Xfd ~k`d hom nctxnf fo}dwdz }fdl ~cbhd xo zbmfx `ked~ nolxknx }bxf xfd
~dnolh mdkz klh xfd ~dnolh mdkz b~ ojxkbldh,
7" ^b`bckzcr `owd`dlx og xfd zbmfx hom nctxnf xo}kzh~ cdgx zd~tcx bl co} mdkz
klh xo}kzh~ xfd zbmfx bl zdwdz~d mdkz,
Khwklxkmd~
;" Fdcbnkc mdkz~ nkl jd t~dh
:" Klr hk`kmd xfkx zd~tcx gzo` gktcxr dlmkmd`dlx onntz~ olcr xo xfd hom
nctxnf,
>" Cd~~ lob~r klh zdcbkjcd8" Kcc xddxf kzd dlmkmdh kx olnd,
@ohtcd Lo 9; >= Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
38/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,:71 -Dvyckbl xfd Hotjcd Hdnctxnfblm bl Nol~xklx @d~f Mdkz Jov?
Kl~}dz1 -HOTJCD HDNCTNXFBLM BL NOL^XKLX @D^F MDKZ JOV
;, Bl xfd nol~xklx `d~f mdkz jov# goz xfd ~`ooxf dlmkmd`dlx og xfd hom nctxnf#
bx b~ ldnd~~kzr xfkx xfd ~yddh og xfd `kbl ~fkgx mdkz klh xfd ~cbhblm hom `t~x
jd d{tkc,Xfdzdgozd xo ojxkbl co}dz mdkz xfd ~yddh og xfd nctxnf ~fkgx# ckr~fkgx# `kbl
~fkgx `t~x jd blnzdk~dh, Xfb~ b~ hold jr hotjcd hdnctxnfblm,
:, Xfd nctxnf b~ hb~dlmkmdh klh xfd mdkz b~ jzotmfx xo ldtxzkc,
Xfdl xfd nctxnf b~ dlmkmdh klh knndcdzkxoz ydhkc b~ yzd~~dh xo blnzdk~d xfd
~yddh og xfd `kbl ~fkgx mdkz~,
Kgxdz xfb~ xfd nctxnf b~ kmkbl hb~dlmkmdh klh xfd mdkz `owdh xo xfd zd{tbzdh
co}dz mdkz klh xfd nctxnf b~ kmkbl dlmkmdh,
K~ xfd nctxnf b~ hb~dlmkmdh x}bnd bl xfd yzond~~ xfb~ nkccdh hotjcd
hdnctxnfblm,
Goz nfklmblm xfd fbmfdz mdkz fo}dwdz zdwdz~d dggdnx b~ hdnbhdh5 xfkx b~ xfd
hzbwdz fk~ xo }kbx }bxf xfd mdkz bl ldtxzkc xbcc xfd `kbl ~fkgx ~yddh b~
hdnzdk~dh ~tggbnbdlxcr goz k ~`ooxf dlmkmd`dlx og xfd mdkz,
@ohtcd Lo 9; >6 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
39/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
OZ
;, Bl nol~xklx `d~f mdkz jov# goz ~`ooxf dlmkmd`dlx og hom nctxnfd~ bx b~
ldnd~~kzr xfkx xfd ~yddh og `kbl ~fkgx klh ~cbhblm hom nctxnf `t~x jd d{tkc,
:, Xo ojxkbl co}dz mdkz# xfd ~yddh~ og xfd nctxnf ~fkgx# ckr ~fkgx klh kbl ~fkgx
`t~x jd blnzdk~dh, Xfb~ b~ hold jr hotjcd hdnctxnfblm,
>, Xfd nctxnf b~ hb~dlmkmdh klh xfd mdkz b~ jzotmfx xo ldtxzkc, Xfdl xfd nctxnf b~
dlmkmdh klh knndcdzkxoz ydhkc yzd~~dh xo blnzdk~d
8, Xfd ~yddh og xfd kbl ~fkgx mdkz~, Kmkbl xfd nctxnf b~ hb~dlmkmdh klh xfd
mdkz `owdh xo xfd zd{tbzdh co}dz mdkz klh xfd nctxnf b~ kmkbl dlmkmdh,
4, K~ xfd nctxnf b~ hb~dlmkmdh x}bnd# bx b~ nkccdh hotjcd hdnctxnfblm,
[,:=1 -Dvyckbl xfd ^rlnfzo`d~f Mdkz Jov? Mbwd xfd khwklxkmd~?
Kl~}dz1 -^RLNFZO@D^F MDKZ JOV
@ohtcd Lo 9; >2 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
40/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
;" Xfd ~rlnfzo`d~f hdwbnd~ kzd t~dh xo ~b`ycbgr xfd oydzkxbol og nfklmblm
mdkz,
:" Xfb~ hdwbnd fdcy~ tl~ebccdh hzbwdz~ xo nfklmd mdkz }bxfotx xfd onntzzdlnd
og nck~fd~ klh hk`kmd~,
>" Jr xfb~ hdwbnd xfd `d`jdz~ }fbnf tcxb`kxdcr kzd xo jd dlmkmdh kzd ;~x
jzotmfx blxo gzbnxbolkc nolxknx klh }fdl xfd gzbnxbol fk~ d{tkcbqdh xfdbz
~yddh~# xfd yo~bxbwd nolldnxbol b~ `khd,
8" Xfd ~rlnfzolbqdz b~ gzdd xo ~cbhd ol ~ycbld~,
4" Ol xfd `kbl ~fkgx bx fk~ nolbnkc yozxbol~ xo nozzd~yolh }bxf xfd nolbnkc
yozxbol~ ol xfd mdkz jov ~fkgx yblbol klh ol xfd }fddc xfkx zoxkxd gzddcr ol
xfd `kbl ~fkgx,
7" Xfd ~rlnfzolbqdz tlbx nkzzbd~ k ~cbhblm ~cddwd, Bl ldtxzkc yo~bxbol xfd
~cbhblm ~cddwd b~ fdch bl ycknd jr xfd ~yzblm cokhdh jkcc,
=" ]fdl k ~fbgx ~xkzx~ xfd ~yzblm cokhdh jkcc~ nkt~d xfd ~rlnfzolbqblm hzt`
klh ~cbhblm ~cddwd k~ kl k~~d`jcr xo `owd xo}kzh~ xfd ~dcdnxoz mdkz,
6" Xfd gbz~x nolxknx b~ jdx}ddl xfd ~rlnfzolbqblm nold~ ol xfd ~dcdnxbol mdkz
klh xfd hzt`,2" Xfb~ nolxknx jzblm~ joxf xo zoxkxd kx xfd ~k`d ~yddh,
;9"]fdl xfd ~yddh~ og xfd x}o fkwd jdno`d d{tkc k ~cbmfxcr mzdkxdz
yzd~~tzd ol xfd mdkz owdz no`d~ xfd zd~b~xklnd og xfd jkcc~,
;;"Gtzxfdz `owd`dlx og xfd ~fbgx goze goznd~ xfd ~cbhblm ~cddwd xo}kzh~ xfd
~dcdnxoz mdkz,
;:" Xfd blxdzlkc ~ycbld~ ol xfd ~cbhblm ~cddwd `kxnf xfd dvxdzlkc ~ycbld~ ol
xfd ~dcdnxoz mdkz,
;>"Lo} xfd hom xddxf kzd conedh ty oz dlmkmdh, Xft~ yo~bxbwd nolldnxbol b~
`khd,
;8"^ydnbkc `ohbgbnkxbol~ kzd `khd bl ~rlnfzo`d~f mdkz jovd~ xo kcco}
~tggbnbdlx xb`d goz ~`ooxf oydzkxbol oxfdz}b~d k nck~f }bcc zd~tcx,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 89 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
-
7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
41/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
;4"Mtbhd jkz~ kzd yzowbhdh ~o xfkx xfd mdkz }bcc lox jd dlmkmdh yo~bxbwdcr
jdgozd wdconbxr d{tkcbqkxbol fk~ jddl `khd,
[,:61 -Dvyckbl xfd ^dcdnxoz @dnfklb~` t~dh bl mdkz jov?
Kl~}dz1 -^DCDNXOZ @DNFKLBN^@
@ohtcd Lo 9; 8; Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Gbmtzd1 ^dcdnxoz @dnfklb~`
;" Xfdzd kzd `klr `dnfklb~`~ }fbnf fkwd jddl t~dh goz ~dcdnxblm xfd
hd~bzdh mdkz klh ~cbhblm xfd ~k`d xo dlmkmd }bxf xfd nozzd~yolhblm mdkz
ol xfd ckr ~fkgx,
:" Xfb~ nkl jd hbwbhdh blxo
b, ^fbgxblm `dnfklb~` `otlxdh ol xzkl~`b~~bol nk~d
bb, ^fbgxblm dnfklb~` `otlxdh ol ~xddzblm noct`l
bbb, ^fbgxblm dnfklb~` `otlxdh ol gcooz }bxf zd`oxd nolxzoc cblekmd,
>" Xfd co}dz dlh og xfd ~dcdnxoz cdwdz gbv blxo ~cox~ &^dcdnxoz mkxd~" bl xfd
~dcdnxoz zoh~,
8" Goz dknf ~dcdnxoz ~cddwd ~dykzkxd ~dcdnxoz zoh~ kzd yzowbhdh,
4" Xfd ~dcdnxoz zoh nkl ~cbhd jtx at~x xo kwobh tl}klxdh dlmkmd`dlx og
mdkz~# ~cox~ kzd `khd ol ~dcdnxoz zoh~ klh kzd yzowbhdh }bxf ~yzblm
cokhdh jkcc~,
7" Kl blxdzconeblm `dnfklb~ }fbnf dl~tzd~ xfkx old mdkz nkl jd dlmkmdh
kx k xb`d b~ kc~o t~dh,
=" ]fdl ykzxbntckz mdkz b~ xo jd dlmkmdh xfd nozzd~yolhblm ~dcdnxoz zoh b~
`owdh bl xfd hd~bzdh hbzdnxbol,
[,:21 -Cb~x xfd xryd~ og Xzkl~`b~~bol t~dh bl Ktxo`ojbcd~
Kl~}dz1 -
Xzkl~`b~~bol xryd~
;, @kltkc
:, ^d`b ktxo`kxbn
>, Ktxo`kxbn
@kltkc Xzkl~`b~~bol
k" ^cbhblm d~f mdkz jov
j" Nol~xklx `d~f mdkz jov
n" ^rlnfzo`d~f mdkz jov,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 8: Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
43/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Ktxo`kxbn Xzkl~`b~~bol
k" ^d`b ktxo`kxbn 1
j" Gtccr Ktxo`kxbn
[,>91 -Dvyckbl xfd }ozeblm og Xoz{td Nolwdzxoz bl Ktxo`kxbn
Xzkl~`b~~bol?
Kl~}dz1 -
XOZ[TD NOLWDZXDZ
@ohtcd Lo 9; 8> Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
44/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Gbmtzd 1Xoz{td Nolwdzxdz,
;, Bx b~ xfd blbxbkc no`yoldlx og kl ktxo`kxbn xzkl~`b~~bol, Bx blnzdk~d~ xfd
xoz{td bl k zkxbo og kjotx :1; xo >1;,
:, K xoz{td nolwdzxoz nol~b~x~ og xfd xfzdd `kbl ykzx~,
k" B`ydccdz oz xfd hzbwblm d`jdz }fbnf b~ nolldnxdh xo xfd dlmbld,
j" Xfd xtzjbld oz xfd hzbwdl `d`jdz }fbnf b~ nolldnxdh xo xfd zokh
}fddc~ xfzotmf xfd xzkl~`b~~bol mdkz~
n" ^xkxoz gbvdh xo xfd gzk`d xfzotmf k gzdd }fddc
>, Obc tlhdz yzd~~tzd b~ kblxkbldh bl~bhd xfd xoz{td nolwdzxdz,
8, ]fdl xfd dlmbld b~ ~xkzxdh xfd b`ydccdz ~xkzx~ zoxkxblm,
4, Xfd obc fkwblm xkedl fbmf ebldxbn dldzmr gzo` xfd dlmbld xfzotmf xfd
b`ydccdz~ fbx~ xfd otxdz dhmd og xfd xtzjbld,
7, Xfb~ goznd blnzdk~d~ }bxf xfd blnzdk~d og dlmbld ~yddh,
=, Xfd xtzjbld jckhd klmcd b~ ~tnf xfkx# }fdl xfd obc no`d~ otx og xfd
xtzjbld# bx~ hbzdnxbol b~ dggdnxbwdcr jkne }kzh, Bx }bcc yt~f xfd b`ydccdz bl xfd
oyyo~bxd hbzdnxbol klh }bcc nkt~d k co~~ og yo}dz,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 88 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
45/78
Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
6, Xo kwobh xfb~ hzkmmblm xfd gctbh b~ `khd xo ~xzbed ol ~xkxoz# }fbnf nfklmd
bx~ hbzdnxbol ~tbxkjcr, Xfd zdydkxdh yt~fblm og obc ol xfd xtzjbld jckhd~
nkt~d~ xfd xoz{td ol xfd xtzjbld xo blnzdk~d# xfd yfdlo`dlk b~ nkccdh
xoz{td `tcxbycbnkxbol
2, ]fdl xfd xtzjbld ~yddh fk~ blnzdk~dh 64$ xo 29$ og b`ydccdz ~yddh# xfd
notycblm yoblx b~ zdknfdh klh xfd obc cdkwd~ xfd xtzjbld bl xfd goz}kzh
hbzdnxbol# fbxxblm jkne xfd ~xkxoz jckhd,
;9,Xo kwobh~ xfd ~xkxoz xo jdno`d k fblhzklnd# Bx b~ `otlxdh ol k gzdd }fddc
}fbnf kcco}~ bx xo zoxkxd bl xfd hbzdnxbol og xtzjbld oz b`ydccdz,
[,>;1 -Dvyckbl xfd }ozeblm og Yckldxkzr mdkz tlbx bl Ktxo`kxbn
Xzkl~`b~~bol?
@ohtcd Lo 9; 84 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Kl~}dz1 - YCKLDXKZR MDKZ TLBX
Gbmtzd 1Yckldxkzr Mdkz tlbx
;" Kl dybnrncbn mdkz jov nol~b~x~ og x}o xfzdd oz dwdl gotz yckldxkzr mdkz ~dx~,
:" K ~b`ycd yckldxkzr mdkz tlbx nol~b~x og gotz `kbl no`yoldlx~ lk`dcr zblm
mdkz# yblbol oz yckldx mdkz~# nkzzbdz# klh ~tl mdkz,
>" Xfd yckldx~ xtzl kzotlh ~tl mdkz~, Xfd~d ycklx~ mdkz~ kzd nkzzbdh jr k
nkzzbdz klh ~fkgx klh kzd kc~o bl `d~f blxdzlkccr }bxf zblm mdkz,
8" Hbggdzdlx xoz{td zkxbo~ klh ~yddh zkxbo~ kzd ojxkbldh jr `keblm klrold og
xfd ykzx~ b,d, xfd ~tl mdkz# nkzzbdz oz xfd zblm mdkz ~xkxbolkzr,
4" Xfd hzbwd b~ mbwdl xo xfd ~dnolh `d`jdz klh k wkzbdh otxytx b~ xkedl gzo`
xfd xfbzh,
7" = yo~~bjcd ~yddh wkzbkxbol~ nkl jd ojxkbldh gzo` k ~blmcd yckldxkzr mdkz tlbx
k, Goz}kzh# yk~x otxytx ~yddh# ~tl mdkz b~ ~xkxbolkzr - nkzzbdz b~ bhcd klh
zblm b~ hzbwdl
j, Goz}kzh ~co} otxytx ~yddh ~tl mdkz ~xkxbolkzr zblm mdkz hzbwblm# nkzzbdz
hzbwdl
n, Zdwdz~d ~co} otxytx ~yddh nkzzbdz ~xkxbolkzr# ~tl mdkz hzbwblm# zblm mdkz
hzbwdlh, Zdwdz~d gk~x otxytx ~yddh nkzzbdz ~xkxbolkzr# zblm mdkz hzbwblm# ~tl mdkz
hzbwdl
d, Goz}kzh# wdzr ~co} otxytx ~yddh# zblm mdkz ~xkxbolkzr# ~tl mdkz hzbwblm#
nkzzbdz hzbwdl
@ohtcd Lo 9; 87 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
g, Goz}kzh# wdzr gk~x otxytx ~yddh# zblm mdkz ~xkxbolkzr nkzzbdz hzbwblm# ~tl
mdkz hzbwdl
m, Goz}kzh# hbzdnx hzbwd mbwblm hzbwd xo klr x}o `d`jdz~,
[,>:1 -Dvyckbl xfd }ozeblm og kl Owdz Hzbwd
@ohtcd Lo 9; 8= Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Kl~}dz1 -
OWDZ HZBWD
;" Bx nol~b~x og kl dybnrncbn mdkz xzkbl bl }fbnf ~tl mdkz b~ gzdd xo zoxkxd bl xfd
dlmbld ~fkgx }fbnf b~ ~ycbld }fbcd xfd nkzzbdz nkl jd ~cbhd,
:" K gzdd nctxnf b~ kc~o gbxxdh ol xfd blytx ~fkgx,
>" Xfd zblm mdkz b~ bl `d~f }bxf xfd nk~blm og xfd otxytx ~fkgx,
8" ]fdl xfd ~tl mdkz b~ conedh }bxf xfd nk~blm# bx jdno`d~ ~xkxbolkzr# xfd
~yddh og xfd otxytx ~fkgx blnzdk~d fdlnd ~kr~ k~ owdzhzbwd b~ dlmkmdh,
4" ]fdl xfd ~tl mdkz b~ conedh }bxf xfd nkzzbdz oz zblm mdkz# ~ocbh hzbwd
xfzotmf xfd mdkz xzkbl b~ ojxkbldh,
7" Xft~ hdydlhblm tyol xfd coneblm og ~tl mdkz }bxf nk~blm oz nkzzbdz xfd
owdzhzbwd oz hbzdnx hzbwd b~ ojxkbldh,
Gbmtzd 1Owdzhzbwd~
=" Xfdzd b~ kloxfdz yo~~bjcd nolxzoc og xfd `dnfklb~` xfdzd b~ k hbzdnx hzbwd
xfzotmf xfd gzdd }fddc nctxnf }fdl xfd dlmbld hdwdcoy~ xfd yo}dz,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 86 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
6" ]fdl xfd knndcdzkxoz ydhkc b~ jzotmfx xo qdzo yo~bxbol klh dlmbld b~
bhcblm# xfd otxytx ~fkgx xdlh~ xo owdzzbhd xfd blytx ~fkgx,
2" Xfd zoccdz og gzdd }fddc lo colmdz zd`kbl~ }dhmd klh xfd wdfbncd
gzdd}fddc~,
;9"Xft~ goz mdkz nfklmblm hzbwdz fk~ xo cbgd fb~ goox ogg xfd knndcdzkxoz ydhkc#
nctxnf lddh lox jd oydzkxdh,
Khwklxkmd ,
;" Bx mbwd~ fbmfdz xoy mdkz zkxbo~ goz jdxxdz gtdc dnolo`r,
:" Bx zdhtnd~ xfd dlmbld }dkz klh xdkz jdnkt~d og hzbwdl zokh ~yddh #xfd
dlmbld ~yddh b~ cd~~,
>" Bx b~ dk~r goz dlmkmd`dlx klh hb~dlmkmd`dlx,
8" K {tkzxdz ztllblm b~ yzowbhdh jr zdhtndh dlmbld ~yddh,
[,>>1 -Dvyckbl xfd gtlnxbol og xfd Yzoydccdz ~fkgx }bxf k ldkx ~edxnf?
@ohtcd Lo 9; 82 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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7/23/2019 MODULE NO 1 :AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (MUMBAI UNIVERSITY )
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Kl~}dz1 -
YZOYDCCKZ ^FKGX
Gtlnxbol og yzoydccdz ~fkgx1-
Xfb~ b~ k ~fkgx }fbnf xzkl~`bx~ xfd hzbwd gzo` xfd xzkl~`b~~bol ~r~xd`
&mdkz jov" xo xfd zdkz kvcd xfzotmf hbggdzdlxbkc,
;, Xzkl~`bx xfd yo}dz gzo` mdkz jov xoy gblkc hbwd,
:, Xo no`ydl~kxd xfd nfklmd bl cdlmxf,
>, Xzkl~`bx oxbol kx kl klmcd }fbnf b~ wkzrblm gzd{tdlxcr
Gbmtzd1 Yzoydccdz ^fkgx
Nol~xztnxbol1-
Bx nol~b~x~ og xfd gocco}blm no`yoldlx~,
;" ^fkgx 1 -
k" Bx b~ `khd og ~xddc xtjd }bxf ~tbxkjcd hbk`dxdz ' cdlmxf xo }bxf~xklh
xoz~bolkc ~xzd~~ hdwdcoydh jr xoz{td xzkl~`b~~bol,
j" Bx b~ `khd ty og ~xzolm ~xddc xtjd# jtx cbmfx ' }dcc jkcklndh ~o xfkx wbjzkxbol
}bcc lox onntz,
:" Tlbwdz~kc aoblx~ 1-
@ohtcd Lo 9; 49 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
k" Xfd mdkz jov b~ kxxknfdh xo xfd nfk~~b~ ' zdkz kvcd b~ kxxknfdh xo xfd gzk`d
jr ~yzblm, Xfb~ ~yzblm no`yzd~~ oz dvyklh ' b~ bl nolxbltot~ `owd`dlx
htd xo zokh bzzdmtckzbxbd~, Xfb~ zd~tcx~ bl wbjzkxbol og klmcd hzbwd jdx}ddl
mdkzjov ' hbggdzdlxbkc,
j" Fdlnd xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx b~ zd{tbzdh xo xzkl~`bx xfd yo}dz jdx}ddl xfd x}o
yoblx~ kx wkzrblm wdzxbnkc ' fozbqolxkc hb~xklnd, Xft~ x}o tlbwdz~kc aoblx~
kzd ldnd~~kzr bl yzoydccdz ~fkgx xo xked nkzd og wkzbkxbol bl xfd klmcd og
hzbwd,
>" ^cbhblm aoblx1-
k" Htd xo zokh bzzdmtckzbxbd~# xfd dggdnxbwd cdlmxf og xzkl~`b~~bol b~ kc~o
nfklmblm, Xo xked nkzd og xfb~ ~cbmfx wkzbkxbol bl cdlmxf og hzbwd# ~cbhblm aoblx
b~ yzowbhdh,
j" Mdldzkc yzoydccdz ~fkgx b~ k~ ~fo}l bl gbmtzd-
n" Bx nol~b~x~ og x}o tlbwdz~kc aoblx~ ' old ~cbhblm aoblx, Kx old dlh og ~fkgx
tlbwdz~kc aoblx b~ kxxknfdh ' kloxfdz dlh dvxdzlkc ~ycbld~ kzd `khd xo ~cbhd
bl xo blxdzlkc ~ycbld~ og ~cbhblm ~cddwd fkwblm kxxknfdh ~dnolh tlbwdz~kc aoblx,
[,>81 -^fozx Loxd ol Yzoydccdz ~fkgx ?
@ohtcd Lo 9; 4; Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Kl~}dz1 -
YZOYDCCKZ ^FKGX
;" Xfb~ b~ xfd ~fkgx }fbnf nolldnx~ xfd mdkz jov otxytx ~fkgx xo xfd yblbol
~fkgx og hbggdzdlxbkc,
:" Xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx nkzzbd~ xfd yo}dz gzo` xfd dlmbld nctxnf klh
xzkl~`b~~bol tlbx xo xfd hzbwblm }fddc~ og xfd wdfbncd xfzotmf xfd gblkc
hzbwd,
>" Bx `kblcr nol~b~x og > ykzx~
b, ^fkgx
bb, Tlbwdz~kc aoblx~
bbb, ^cby aoblx
8" Xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx b~ kltgknxtzdh bl xfbl }kccdh ~xddc xtjd~,
4" Xtjtckz ~dnxbol `ked~ xfd` cbmfxdz klh ~xzolmdz xfkl k ~ocbh ~fkgx og
~k`d ~bqd, Bx b~ kc~o cd~~ dvydl~bwd,
7" Bg xfd hb~xklnd jdx}ddl xzkl~`b~~bol ~fkgx klh hbggdzdlxbkc b~ `ozd# old oz
`ozd blxdz`dhbkxd ~fkgx~ kzd nolldnxdh xo xfd mdkz jov `kbl ~fkgx klh
oxfdz dlh xo xfd `kbl yzoydccdz ~fkgx,
=" Xfd blxdz`dhbkxd yzoydccdz ~fkgx b~ ~tyyozxdh bl k jdkzblm tlbx,
Gtlnxbol~ og yzoydccdz ~fkgx
;, Xzkl~`bx xfd yo}dz gzo` mdkz jov xoy gblkc hbwd,
:, Xo no`ydl~kxd xfd nfklmd bl cdlmxf,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 4: Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
>, Xzkl~`bx oxbol kx kl klmcd }fbnf b~ wkzrblm gzd{tdlxcr
[,>41 -^fozx loxd ol TLBWDZ^KC AOBLX oz FOOE AOBLX?
Kl~}dz1 - TLBWDZ^KC AOBLX oz FOOE AOBLX
@ohtcd Lo 9; 4> Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
;" Tlbwdz~kc aoblx~ kzd blnozyozkxdh kx xfd dlh~ og xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx,
:" Tlbwdz~kc aoblx~ xked nkzd og xfd wkzbkxbol bl blncblkxbol og xfd yzoydccdz
~fkgx,
>" Tlbwdz~kc aoblx nol~b~x og x}o R ~fkydh roed klh k nzo~~ ~fkydh
`d`jdz nkccdh ~ybhdz,
8" Xfd gotz kz`~ og xfd ~ybhdz kzd k~~d`jcdh blxo lddhcd jdkzblm fot~dh bl
xfd ctm og xfd roed~,
4" Xfd lddhcd jdkzblm nol~b~x og ~xddc ~cddwd klh k ~dx og xfbl lddhcd zoccdz~,
7" ^ydnbkc mcklh~ eddy xfd ctjzbnklx gzo` gco}blm otx,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 48 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Gbmtzd1 Tlbwdz~kc Aoblx~
=" ]fdl xfd x}o ~fkgx kzd kl kx kl klmcd xfd jdkzblm bl xfd roed ydz`bx xfd
roed xo ~}blm ol xfd ~ybhdz }bxf dknf zoxkxbol og xfd ~fkgx,
6" Xfd tlbwdz~kc aoblx~ fkwd old hdgdnx xfkx b~ xfd ~yddh og xfd hzbwdl ~fkgx
hod~ lox zd`kbl tlbgoz` hdydlhblm ty ol xfd klmcd og blncblkxbol og xfd
~fkgx,
2" Xfd hzbwdl ~fkgx ~yddh tlhdz mod~ nrncbn wkzbkxbol,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 44 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
;9"Xfd wkzbkxbol b~ qdzo bl qdzo klmcd og blncblkxbol jtx bx~ `kmlbxthd jdno`d
nol~bhdzkjcd }fdl xfd klmcd b~ ckzmd,
;;"Bl ozhdz xo cb`bx xfd gctnxtkxbol bl ~yddh og xfd aoblx klmcd b~ cb`bxdh xo ;6-
:9$
;:"Xfd kjowd `dlxboldh ~yddh wkzbkxbol~ nkl jd owdzno`d jr t~blm x}o
~dykzkxd tlbwdz~kc aoblx nolldnxdh xo xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx,
;>"]bxf xfb~ kzzklmd`dlx xfd wdconbxr wkzbkxbol kx xfd ~dnolh aoblx b~ d{tkc
klh oyyo~bxd xo xfkx }fbnf onntz~ kx xfd gbz~x aoblx ~o xfkx joxf nklndc~,
;8"Xfb~ }bcc jd wkcbh olcr }fdl klmcd~ ol xfd joxf aoblx~ kzd dvknxcr d{tkc,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 47 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,>71 -Cb~x xfd xryd~ og Tlbwdz~kc Aoblx~ klh dvyckbl klr old og xfd`?
Kl~}dz1 -
TLBWDZ^KC AOBLX^
;, Kl tlbwdz~kc aoblx~ b~ t~dh }fdzd x}o ~fkgx~ kzd nolldnxdh kx xo xzkl~ bx
xoz{td,
:, Bl xfd xzkl~`b~~bol ~r~xd` og xfd `oxoz wdfbncd #xfd xzkl~`b~~bol kbl
~fkgx#yzoydcckz ~fkgx klh xfd yblbol ~fkgx kzd lox bl old cbd~ fdlnd xfd
noblnbhd jdx}ddl xfd` kzd `khd jr xfd tlbwdz~kc aoblx kzd t~dh xo,
XRYD^ OG TLBWDZ^KC AOBLX^
;, Nzo~~ xryd oz ~ybhdz klh x}o roed
:, Yox xryd aoblx
>, Jkcc klh xzdtlbol xryd
8, Nol~xklx wdconbxr xryd
4, Gcdvbjcd zblm Tlbwdz~kc Aoblx
;, NZO^^ XRYD OZ ^YBHDZ KLH X]O ROED
k, Bx nol~b~x~ og x}o R-~fkydh roed~ klh k nzo~~ ybdnd &~ybhdz",
j, Old roed b~ nolldnxdh xo hzbwblm ~fkgx klh oxfdz b~ nolldnxdh xo hzbwdl
~fkgx,
n, Xfd nzo~~-ybdnd fk~ gotz-kz`~ }fbnf kzd elo}l k~ xztllbol~ klh kzd
kxxknfdh xo xfd dlh~ og roed~,
h, Gotz lddhcd jdkzblm~ kzd yzowbhdh old goz dknf kz` og nzo~~-ybdnd,
d, Xfd~d jdkzblm~ kcco} xfd roed xo ~}blm kzotlh xfd xztllbol }fdl hzbwblm
klh hzbwdl ~fkgx zd`owd xomdxfdz kx kl klmcd,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 4= Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
K ~b`ycd nzo~~-xryd tlbwdz~kc aoblx b~ ~fo}l bl Gbmtzd ,
Gbmtzd1 Nzo~~-xryd Tlbwdz~kc Aoblx
g, Xfb~ b~ k wkzbkjcd wdconbxr aoblx# b,d, xfd hzbwblm klh hzbwdl ~fkgx ho lox zoxkxd
kx xfd ~k`d ~yddh xfzotmfotx k zdwoctxbol, Fo}dwdz# xfdbz zy` b~ ~k`d,
m, Xfb~ fkyydl~ jdnkt~d joxf ~fkgx~ kzd lox bl ~xzkbmfx cbld,
f, Zblm klh xztlbol xryd klh nzo~~ jkcc xryd hd~bml~ kc~o no`d bl xfb~
nkxdmozr og tlbwdz~kc aoblx~,
:, YOX XRYD AOBLX
k, K yox xryd og aoblx b~ kloxfdz eblh og xfd tlbwdz~kc aoblx~,
j, Gbmtzd mbwd~ xfd mdldzkc kzzklmd`dlx og xfb~ xryd og aoblx~,
Gbmtzd1 Yox xryd Tlbwdz~kc Aoblx
@ohtcd Lo 9; 46 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
n, Xfd dlh og xfd old ~fkgx b~ ~ydnbkccr ~fkydh klh nkzzbd~ x}o
fd`b~yfdzbnkc ~fkydh jcone kxxknfdh xo bx jr `dkl~ og k ybl
h, Xfd~d jcone~ ~cbhd~ bl xfd yox#xfd yox bx~dcg o~ nkzzbdh jr xfd ~dnolh
~fkgx,
d, Xfb~ kzzklmdh kvbkc owd`dlx~,
>, Jkcc klh Xztllbol Aoblx
k, Xfb~ xryd og aoblx nol~b~x~ og k jkcc xryd fdkh }fbnf b~ gk~xdldh xo old
dlh og xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx,
j, K ybl b~ kc~o yzd~~dh xfzotmf xfb~ dlh og ~fkgx,
n, X}o ~xddc jkcc~ kzd gbxxdh kx xfd dlh og xfb~ ybl, Xfd aoblx gknbcbxkxd~
zoxkzr `oxbol xfzotmf jkcc klh ybl,
h, Xfd jkcc~ nkl kc~o `owd kvbkccr,
d, Jkcc klh xztllbol aoblx b~ kc~o k wkzbkjcd wdconbxr aoblx,
8, Nol~xklx Wdconbxr Tlbwdz~kc Aoblx
k, Xfb~ xryd og aoblx ydz bx~ `owd`dlx og joxf hzbwblm klh hzbwdl ~fkgx~ kxnol~xklx wdconbxr,
j, Jdnkt~d# x}o aoblx~ bl xfb~ nk~d oydzkxd kx ~k`d klmcd~,
n, Xfd~d aoblx~ kzd mdldzkccr t~dh }fdl xfd ktxo`ojbcd bl k gzolx }fddc
&kvcd" hzbwd, Jdnkt~d ~yddh wkzbkxbol jdx}ddl hzbwblm klh hzbwdl ~fkgx
}bcc blxzohtnd hbggbntcxr bl ~xddzblm klh dvnd~~bwd xrzd }dkz,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 42 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,>=1 -Cb~x xfd xryd~ nol~xklx wdconbxr Aoblx~ klh dvyckbl klr old og xfd`?
Kl~}dz1 -NOL^XKLX WDCONBXR AOBLX^
;" Nol~xklx wdconbxr aoblx~ kzd t~dh }fdzd xfd gzolx kvcd kzd jdblm hzbwdl#
zdmtckxbol og zoxkxbol klh xzkl~`b~~bol og xoz{td kx ckzmd blhbnkxbol kzd
wbxkc,
:" Bl xfd~d wdfbncd~ xfd blncblkxbol jdx}ddl xfd ~fkgx~ `kr k~~t`d k ckzmd
wkzrblm &899",
>" Xfd ~yddh og ~fkgx nolldnxdh jr xfd~d aoblx~ b~ kj~octxdcr d{tkc,
XRYD^ OG NOL^XKLX WDCONBXR AOBLX^
Xryd~ og NW aoblx~ kzd mbwdl kjowdk, Zqdyyk aoblx
j, Xzbyoh aoblx
n, Zqdyyk yctlmblm NW aoblx
h, Nco~dh xtcby yctlmblm NW aoblx
d, Oydl xtcby yctlmblm NW aoblx
;, ZQDYYK AOBLX
k, Xfd gbz~x NW aoblx b~ xfd Zqdyyk aoblx,
j, Bl xfb~ 7 ~yfdzbnkc jkcc kzd fdch bl k yzdnb~d mdo`dxzbnkc yo~bxbol `bh}kr
jdx}ddl : ~fkgx~,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 79 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
:, XZBYOH AOBLX
k, Kloxfdz NW aoblx b~ xzbyoh aoblx }fbnf kzd > zoccdz jdkzblm kxxknfdh xo
kz`~ kx xfd dlh og xfd hzbwblm ~fkgx gtzxfdz `ohbgbdh }bxf yctlmblm
nkykjbcbxr,
j, Xfb~ ydz`bx~ hzbwblm klh hzbwdl ~fkgx `owd xo}kzh~ k}kr gzo` dknf
oxfdz,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 7; Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,>61 -]fkx b~ Gblkc Hzbwd klh cb~x bx~ gtlnxbol?
Kl~1 -GBLKC HZBWD
;, Bl `o~x ktxo`ojbcd wdfbncd~ xfd gblkc hzbwdz b~ d`johbdh bl zdkz kvcd,
:, Jtx bl wkzbot~ yoytckz wdfbncd~ }bxf gzolx }fddc hzbwd klh k gd}
~ydnbkc ytzyo~d wdfbncd~ }bxf gotz }fddc hzbwd# bx jdno`d~ ldnd~~kzr xo
nol~bhdz gblkc hzbwd~ k~ tlbx~ hdydlhdlx og xfdbz yo~bxbol~,
GTLNX BOL OG G BLKC HZBWD1
Bl k `oxoz wdfbncd xfd gblkc hzbwd fk~ x}o ytzyo~d~,
;" Xo yzowbhd k ydz`kldlx ~yddh zdhtnxbol, Goz `oxoz nkz~ xfd zdhtnxbol b~
t~tkccr kjotx 81; klh ;9 1; bl fdkwr wdfbncd,
:" Xo xtzl xfd hzbwd xfzotmf 29| ~o xfkx xfd xoz{td `kr jd xzkl~`bxxdh gzo`
yzoydccdz ~fkgx xo xfd zdkz kvcd,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 7: Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,>21-Dvyckbl xfd nol~xztnxbol og xfd GBLKC HZBWD?
Kl~1 -
NOL^XZTNXBOL OG XFD GBLKC HZBWD
;" Xfd gblkc hzbwd nol~b~x og k jdwdc yblbol klh nzo}l }fddc &zblm mdkz "k~
~fo}l bl xfd gbmtzd,
:" Xfd jdwdc yblbol b~ `otlxdh ol xfd ~fkgx }fbnf b~
>" Gzo` xfd nz}ol }fddc #xfd hzbwd mod~ xo xfd zdkz kvcd xfzotmf xfd
hbggzdlxbkc,
8" Xfdzd kzd xfzdd xryd~ og xfd gblkc hzbwd mdkzblm
k, ^xzkbmfx Jdwdc mdkz~
j, ^yzbkc Jdwdc Mdkz~
n, Fryobh Mdkz~
4"
Gbmtzd1 Gblkc Hzbwd
@ohtcd Lo 9; 7> Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
;" Gblkc hzbwd b~ xfd ck~x ~xkmd bl xzkl~gdzzblm yo}dz gzo` dlmbld xo }fddc~,
:" Bx zdhtnd~ xfd ~yddh og xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx &hzbwd ~fkgx" xo xfkx og }fddc~,
>" Bx kc~o xtzl~ xfd hzbwd og xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx jr kl klmcd og 29 9 xo hzbwd xfd
}fddc~,
8" Xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx fk~ k ~`kcc jdwdc yblbol }fbnf `d~fd~ }bxf nzo}l
}fddc, Xfd nzo}l }fddc mbwd~ zoxkzr `oxbol xo zdkz kvcd~,
4" Xfd ~bqd og nzo}l }fddc bl jbmmdz xfkl xfkx og jdwdc yblbol# xfdzdgozd# xfd
~yddh og zdkz kvcd~ &oz nzo}l }fddc" bl co}dz xfkl xfd ~yddh og yblbol,
7" Gblkc hzbwd b~ og x}o xryd~# b,d, nfkbl xryd klh mdkz xryd,
=" Goz gblkc zdhtnxbol bl ~yddh x}o xryd~ og mdkz~ nkl jd t~dh,
6" Old og xfd` `kr jd t~d og cdwdc mdkz~ klh kloxfdz `kr jd }oz` klh
}oz` }fddc,
2" ]oz` klh }oz` }fddc no`jblkxbol yzowbhd~ ckzmd zdhtnxbol }bxfotx
d`ycorblm ckzmdz mdkz~, Bx b~ ~xzolm kc~o,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 78 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,891 -Cb~x klh dvyckbl xfd wkzbot~ goznd knxblm ol xfd zdkz kvcd ?
Kl~}dz1 -
ZDKZ KVCD
Wkzbot~ goznd~ klh xoz{td~ dvydzbdlndh jr zdkz kvcd nkl jd bhdlxbgbdh k~ gocco}~,
;, ]dbmfx og xfd johr
Xfd zdkz kvcd `kr jd nol~bhdzdh k jdk` ~tyyozxdh kx dlh~ cokhdh, Xfb~
}dbmfx nkt~d~ ~fdkz goznd klh jdlhblm `owd`dlx bl xfd kvcd ~fkgx,
:, Hzbwblm Xfzt~x
Xfd hzbwblm xoz{td yzohtndh bl xfd dlmbld nkt~d~ xfd xfzt~x xo jd yzohtndh bl
xfd zokh }fddc~ }fbnf fk~ xo jd xzkl~`bxxdh gzo` xfd kvcd nk~blm xo nfk~~b~
gzk`d klh xfd johr og xfd wdfbncd,
>, Xoz{td zdknxbol
Bg xfd zokh }fddc~ kzd yzdwdlxdh gzo` zoxkxbol gzo` xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx
zoxkxblm# bx b~ ~ddl xfkx jdwdc yblbol }bxf xdlh~ xo zocc ho}l xo nzo}l }fddc,
Xfb~ xdlhdlnr b~ kc~o yzd~dlx }fdl xfd wdfbncd b~ ztllblm,
Xft~ xfdzd b~ k goznd ol kvcd nk~blm xo zoxkxd, Xfb~ nkccdh xoz{td zdknxbol,
8, ^bhd Xfzt~x
Ogxdl xfd zdkz kvcd dvydzb`dlx ~bhd xfzt~x oz ytcc~ htd xo klr ~bhd cokh ol xfd
}fddc,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 74 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,8;1 -Cb~x klh dvyckbl xfd wkzbot~ goznd knxblm ol xfd zdkz kvcd?
Kl~1 -ZDKZ KVCD1
Kc`o~x kcc xfd wdfbncd~ fkwd cbwd kvcd~ k~ zdkz kvcd~,
Xfd Kvcd fot~blm no`ycdxdcr zd`kbl ~xkxbolkzr# ho lox `owd }bxf xfd }fddc~,
Xfd zdkz kvcd ~fotch nkzzr xfd gocco}blm cokh~,
;" Xfd xoxkc zdkz }dbmfx og xfd wdfbncd nkt~blm joxf jdlhblm klh ~fdkzblm
knxbol~,
:" ^bhd xfzt~x ol xfd }fddc~ }fdl nozldzblm# }fbnf b`yo~d~ jdlhblm cokhklh kl dlh xfzt~x oz k ytcc,
>" Hzbwblm xoz{td,
Xfd no``olcr t~dh zdkz kvcd hzbwd~ kzd
;, Foxnf eb~~ hzbwd
:, Xoz{td xtjd hzbwd
@ohtcd Lo 9; 77 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,8:1 - Dvyckbl xfd Foxnfeb~~ hzbwd klh Xoz{td xtjd hzbwd }bxf xfd fdcy og
ldkx ~edxnfd~?
Kl~1 -
;, FOXNF EB ^ HZBWD
Gbmtzd 1Foxnfeb~~ hzbwd
k" Xfb~ b~ xfd ~b`ycd~x klh `o~x }bhdcr t~dh xryd og zdkz kvcd hzbwd,
j" Bl xfb~ nk~d xfd ~yzblm~ jd~bhd~ xkeblm }dbmfx og xfd johr kc~o xked xfd
xoz{td zdknxbol# hzbwblm xfzt~x klh ~bhd xfzt~x,
n" Xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx b~ yzowbhdh }bxf x}o tlbwdz~kc aoblx~ kc~o k ~cbhblm aoblx,
h" Xfd ~yzblm~ b~ gbvdh zbmbhcr bl xfd `bhhcd xo xfd zdkz kvcd,
d" Xfd gzolx dlh og xfd ~yzblm b~ gbvdh zbmbhcr ol xfd gzk`d }fbcd xfd zdkz dlh
b~ ~tyyozxdh bl xfd ~fknecd,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 7= Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
:, XOZ[TD XTJD HZBWD
Gbmtzd 1Xoz{td xtjd hzbwd
k, Bl xfb~ xryd og hzbwd xfd ~yzblm xked~ olcr xfd ~bhd xfzt~x jd~bhd~
~tyyozxblm xfd johr }dbmfx,
j, Xfd xoz{td zdknxbol klh hzbwblm xfzt~x kzd xkedl jr kloxfdz `d`jdz }fbnf
b~ nkccdh xoz{td xtjd,
n, Old dlh og xfd xoz{td xtjd b~ kxxknfdh xo xfd kvcd nk~blm# kloxfdz dlh
}fbnf b~ bl ~yfdzbnkc ~fkyd gbvdh bl xfd nty gbvdh xo xfd gzk`d,
h, Xfd xoz{td xtjd dlnco~d~ xfd yzoydccdz ~fkgx ~blnd xfd xoz{td xtjd xked~
xfd xoz{td zdknxbol xfd ndlxzd cbld og xfd jdwdc yblbol ~fkgx }bcc lox ~fbgx,
d, ^o xfkx lo ~cbhblm aoblx b~ zd{tbzdh klh old tlbwdz~kc aoblx b~ dlotmf,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 76 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,8>1- Dvyckbl }bxf cbld hbkmzk`# xfd yzblnbykc og hbggdzdlxbkc,
Kl~1-
YZBLNBYKC OG HBGGDZDLXBKC
;" ]fdl k wdfbncd xzkwdc~ bl k ~xzkbmfx-cbld# xfd x}o zdkz }fddc~ xtzl ol
zokh dvknxcr kx ~k`d ~yddh ' xfdzd b~ lo zdckxbwd `owd`dlx jdx}ddl
xfd zdkz }fddc~,
:" Jtx }fdl wdfbncd xked~ k xtzl# xfd otxdz }fddc xtzl~ ol k colmdz zkhbt~
xfkl blldz }fddc, Xfd otxdz }fddc xtzl~ gk~xdz xfkl blldz }fddc b,d, xfdzd
b~ zdckxbwd `owd`dlx jdx}ddl x}o zdkz }fddc~,
>" Bg xfd x}o zdkz }fddc~ kzd zbmbhcr gbvdh xo k ~ocbh zdkz kvcd# xfd blldz
}fddc }bcc ~cby# }fbnf }bcc nkt~d zkybh xbzd }dkz# ~xddzblm hbggbntcxbd~ '
yooz zokh fochblm,
8" Xfdzdgozd xfdzd `t~x jd ~o`d `dnfklb~` bl xfd zdkz kvcd }fbnf ~fotch
zdhtnd xfd ~yddh og blldz }fddc~ ' blnzdk~d xfd ~yddh og otxdz }fddc~
}fbcd xkeblm xtzl~,
4" Bx ~fotch jd kx xfd ~k`d xb`d eddy xfd ~yddh~ og kcc xfd }fddc~ ~k`d
}fdl moblm ~xzkbmfx kfdkh, ^tnf k hdwbnd }fbnf ~dzwd~ xfd kjowd
gtlnxbol b~ nkccdh k~ hbggdzdlxbkc,
@ohtcd Lo 9; 72 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Xo tlhdz~xklh xfd yzblnbycd ol }fbnf hbggdzdlxbkc }oze~ nol~bhdz
gbmtzd,
;, Xo xfd nzo}l }fddc og xfd gblkc hzbwd b~ kxxknfdh k nkmd# }fbnf nkzzbd~
k nzo~~-ybl }fdzd x}o yckldx yblbol~ kzd d`ycordh,
:, X}o ~tl mdkz~ `d~f }bxf xfd x}o yckldx yblbol~, Kvcd fkcg ~fkgx~ kzd
~ycbldh xo dknf og xfd~d ~tl mdkz~,
>, ]fdl xfd wdfbncd b~ moblm ~xzkbmfx # xfd nkmd ' blldz mdkz~ zoxkxd k~ k
~blmcd tlbx ' x}o fkcg ~fkgx~ zdwocwd kx ~k`d ~yddh , Bl xfb~ ~bxtkxbol#
xfdzd b~ lo zdckxbwd `owd`dlx k`olm xfd wkzbot~ hbggdzdlxbkc mdkz~,
8, Xo tlhdz~xklh }fkx fkyydl~ }fdl xfd wdfbncd b~ xkeblm xtzl# k~~t`d
xfkx xfd nkmd b~ ~xkxbolkzr, Xfdl xtzlblm klr old ~tl mdkz }bcc nkt~d
oxfdz xo zoxkxd bl xfd oyyo~bxd hbzdnxbol,
4, Xfb~ `dkl~ xfkx bg xfd cdgx ~tl mdkz zoxkxd~ l xb`d~ bl k ykzxbntckz
xb`d# xfd zbmfx mdkz }bcc kc~o zoxkxd l bl xfd ~k`d ydzboh# jtx og notz~d
bl oyyo~bxd hbzdnxbol,
7, Xft~ goz dvk`ycd# nol~bhdz k wdfbncd }bxf }fddc ~yddh L z,y,`, moblm
~xzkbmfx, ]fdl bx xked~ xtzl xo}kzh~# xfdzd }bcc jd zd~b~xklnd xo xfd
`oxbol og zbmfx }fddc ' k~ k zd~tcx hbggdzdlxbkc knxbol5 bg xfd zbmfx }fddc
zoxkxd~ jkne kx l zy`# xfdl cdgx }fddc }bcc zoxkxd goz}kzh~ kx l zy`,Xfb~ }bcc mbwd zd~tcxklx ~yddh og cdgx }fddc k~ &L%l" klh xfkx og zbmfx
}fddc k~ &L%l" zy`,
@ohtcd Lo 9; =9 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,88,-]fkx b~ xfd hbggdzdlx xryd og xfd hbggdzdlxbkc t~dh bl ktxo`ojbcd~?
Kl~1-
XRYD^ OG HBGGDZDLXBKC
Xfdzd kzd xfzdd xryd~ og hbggdzdlxbkc1
;, Nolwdlxbolkc xryd#
k, Lol-~cby oz ~dcg coneblm xryd# klh
j, Hotjcd zdhtnxbol xryd,
;" Nolwdlxbolkc Xryd
k" Nolwdlxbolkc xryd hbggdzdlxbkc hd~nzbjdh hdcbwdz~ ~k`d xoz{td xo dknf
zdkz }fddc,j" Bg klr og xfd }fddc~ ~cby~ htd xo klr zdk~ol xfd }fddc hod~ lox zoxkxd
klh wdfbncd hod~ lox `owd,
:" Lol-~cby oz ^dcg Coneblm Xryd
k" Lol-~cby oz ~dcg coneblm xryd hbggdzdlxbkc owdzno`d~ xfb~ hzk}jkne,
j" Bx nol~xztnxbol b~ ~b`bckz xo xfkx og nolwdlxbolkc xryd hbggdzdlxbkc,
n" Jtx# x}o ~dx~ og nctxnf yckxd~ kzd yzowbhdh khhbxbolkccr,
h" Kc~o# xfd dlh~ og yckldx ~fkgx~ kzd cdgx coo~d bl loxnfd~ yzowbhdh ol xfd
hbggdzdlxbkc nkmd,
>" Hotjcd Zdhtnxbol Xryd
k" Hotjcd zdhtnxbol xryd hbggdzdlxbkc yzowbhd~ gtzxfdz ~yddh zdhtnxbol jr
khhbxbolkc mdkz,
j" Xfb~ xryd og hbggdzdlxbkc b~ t~dh bl fdkwr htxr ktxo`ojbcd~ }fbnf
zd{tbzd ckzmdz mdkz zdhtnxbol jdx}ddl dlmbld klh }fddc~,
@ohtcd Lo 9; =; Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,841- ]fkx b~ Zdkz Kvcd? Cb~x xfd wkzbot~ cokh knxblm ol xfd Zdkz cbwd
kvcd fkcg ~fkgx? Cb~x xfd xryd~ og zdkz kvcd ~tyyozx~
Kl~1-
ZDKZ KVCD
;, Zdkz kvcd xzkl~`bx~ yo}dz gzo` hbggdzdlxbkc xo xfd }fddc~ ~o xfkx
wdfbncd `kr `owd,
:, Zdkz kvcd b~ lox k ~blmcd ybdnd jtx bx b~ bl x}o ykzx~ }fbnf kzd
nolldnxdh jr xfd hbggdzdlxbkc,
>, Dknf ykzx og zdkz kvcd b~ nkccdh xfd fkcg ~fkgx,
8, Otxdz dlh og xfd zdkz kvcd nkzzbd~ xfd }fddc }fbcd blldz dlh b~
nolldnxdh xo ~tl mdkz og xfd hbggdzdlxbkc,
4, Bl wdfbncd~ }fbnf d`ycor zdkz }fddc hzbwd# zdkz }fddc~ kzd hzbwblm
}fddc~, Fo}dwdz# bl gzolx }fddc hzbwd wdfbncd~# gzolx }fddc~ kzd
hzbwblm }fddc~,
7, Zdkz kvcd~ klh hbggdzdlxbkc kzd no`ycdxdcr dlnco~dh bl k fot~blm xo
yzoxdnx xfd` gzo` ht~x# hbzx# }kxdz klh klr yo~~bjcd hk`kmd,
Gtlnxbol~ og Zdkz Kvcd
K, Xo xzkl~`bx yo}dz gzo` hbggdzdlxbkc xo xfd }fddc~, Xfb~ b~ `kblgtlnxbol,
J, Xo nkzzr }dbmfx og ktxo`ojbcd,
Cokh ol Zdkz cbwd kvcd fkcg ~fkgx
Xfd wkzbot~ cokh~ ol zdkz cbwd kvcd fkcg ~fkgx kzd
k, ^fkgx goznd htd xo wdfbncd }dbmfx
j, Jdlhblm `o`dlx ol knnotlxklx og xfd ogg~dx og wdfbncd cokh kyycbdhxfzotmf ~yzblm ~dkx~ klh zokh }fddc~,
n, Dlh xfzt~x nkzzbdh jr ~bhd goznd~
h, Jdlhblm o`dlx nkt~dh jr dlh xfzt~x klh bx~ zdknxbol oggdzdh jr xrzd~
d, Hzbwblm xoz{td
@ohtcd Lo 9; =: Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
Xryd~ og Zdkz Kvcd ^tyyozx
Zdkz kvcd~ hbggdz ol xfd jk~b~ og `dxfoh og ~tyyozxblm xfd` klh `otlxblm
og zdkz }fddc~,
Ol xfb~ jk~b~# xfd~d kvcd~ nkl jd nck~~bgbdh blxo xfzdd xryd~1
&k" Fkcg gcokxblm kvcd
&j" Xfzdd-{tkzxdz gcokxblm kvcd
&n" Gtccr gcokxblm zdkz kvcd,
@ohtcd Lo 9; => Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,871- Hb~nt~~ xfd ^d`b-gcokxblm xryd zdkz kvcd }bxf ldkx ~edxnf?
Kl~1-
^D@B GCOKXBLM XRYD ZDKZ KVCD
Gbmtzd 1 ^d`b gcokxblm kvcd,
;" Kl kvcd bl }fbnf xfd ~fkgx fk~ xo xked xfd dlxbzd cokh b~ nkccdh ~d`b oz lol
gcokxblm kvcd,:" Bl xfb~ }fddc ftj b~ hbzdnxcr nolldnxdh xo xfd kvcd,
>" Xfd blldz dlh og xfd kvcd ~fkgx b~ ~ycbldh klh b~ ~tyyozxdh jr xfd gblkc
hzbwd tlbx }fdzd k~ otxdz dlh b~ ~tyyozxdh jr k ~blmcd jdkzblm bl~bhd xfd
kvcd nk~blm,
8" Bl xfb~ xryd kcc xfd cokh~ kzd xkedl jr xfd kvcd ~fkgx,
4" Xfd }focd cokh knx~ ol xfd ~fkgx klh ~fkgx fk~ k xdlhdlnr xo ~fdkz kx xfd
yoblx K,
7" Xfd ~d`b gcokxblm kvcd b~ xfd ~b ycd~x klh nfdkyd~x jtx goz k mbwdl xoz{td
xfdr fkwd xo jd og ckzmdz hbk, goz xfd ~k`d xoz{td xzkl~`bxxdh no`ykzdh xo
xfd oxfdz xryd og zdkz kvcd ~tyyozx~,
@ohtcd Lo 9; =8 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,8=1- Hb~nt~~ xfd Gtccr gcokxblm xryd zdkz kvcd }bxf ldkx ~edxnf?
Kl~1-
GTCC GCOKXBLM XRYD ZDKZ KVCD
Gbmtzd 1 Gtcc gcokxblm kvcd,
;" Xfb~ xryd b~ wdzr zojt~x klh b~ t~dh goz fdkwr wdfbncd,
:" Xfd kvcd ~fkgx~ fkwd gcklmd~ kx xfd otxdz dlh }fbnf kzd nolldnxdh xo xfd
gcklmdh ~cddwd jr `dkl~ og jocx~,
>" Xfdzd kzd x}o xkyydz zoccdz jdkzblm ~tyyozxblm kvcd nk~blm bl xfd ftj
}fbnf xked ty klr ~bhd cokh,
8" Xft~ xfd kvcd ~fkgx nkzzr olcr xfd hzbwblm xoz{td, ^o xfdbz gkbctzd oz
zd`owkc hod~ lox kggdnx xfd }fddc~,
@ohtcd Lo 9; =4 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,861- Hb~nt~~ xfd Xfzdd {tkzxdz gcokxblm xryd zdkz kvcd }bxf ldkx
~edxnf?
Kl~1-
XFZDD [TKZXDZ GCOKXBLM XRYD ZDKZ KVCD
Gbmtzd 1Xfzdd {tkzxdz gcokxblm kvcd,
;" Xfb~ xryd og kvcd b~ k no`jblkxbol og gtcc klh ~d`b gcokxblm jdkzblm,
:" Bl xfb~ jdkzblm b~ conkxblm jdx}ddl xfd kvcd nk~blm klh ftj kvcd ~fkgx ho
lox fkwd xo }bxf~xklh klr ~fdkzblm oz jdlhblm knxbol htd xo xfd }dbmfx og
xfd wdfbncd# }fbnf kzd xkedl ty jr xfd kvcd nk~blm xfzotmf xfd ftj klh
jdkzblm,
>" Fo}dwdz bx fk~ xo xked xfd dlh cokh~ klh hzbwblm xoz{td,
@ohtcd Lo 9; =7 Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm
[,861- ^fozx Loxd~ ol
k, Hbggdzdlxbkc cone
j, ^dcg coneblm hbggdzdlx
Kl~1-
k, Hbggdzdlxbkc Cone1
;" Xfd xoz{td xzkl~`bxxdh jr xfd jdwdc mdkz hbggdzdlxbkc xo dknf og xfd zdkz
}fddc~ zd`kbl~ d{tkc dwdl }fdl xfdr kzd zoxkxblm kx hbggdzdlx ~yddh~,
:" Htd xo xfb~ zdk~ol bg old }fddc bl ol k ~cbyydzr ~tzgknd# `dlh# co~d hbzx oz
~klh xfd }fddc ol xfd ~ocbh mzotlh }bcc lox jd hzbwdl }fbcd xfd oxfdz ~ybl~
kzotlh bhcr,
>" ]fdl xfd hbggdzdlxbkc cone b~ kyycbdh# xfd hbggdzdlxbkc knxbol b~ ~xoyydh klh
xfd }focd xoz{td b~ xfdl kyycbdh xo xfd }fddc }fbnf b~ mzbyyblm ol xfd
zokh,
j, ^dcg Coneblm Hbggdzdlxbkc1
;" K ~dcg coneblm hbggdzdlxbkc nol~b~x~ og x}o nctxnfd~# old ol dknf ~bhd#xo cone xfd ~bhd mdkz~ klh kvcd~ xo xfd hbggdzdlxbkc nkmd# }fdl xfd
hbggdzdlxbkc knxbol b~ lox hd~bzdh,
:" Xfd `dnfklb~` nol~b~x~ og gotz hbggdzdlxbkc yblbol mdkz~ `otlxdh ol x}o
nzo~~ ~fkgx~ kx zbmfx klmcd~ xo dknf oxfdz,
>" ]fdl xfd hbggdzdlxbkc nkmd b~ hzbwdl jr xfd zdkz kvcd mdkz~# xfd xtzlblm
zd~b~xklnd nkt~d~ xfd nzo~~ ~fkgx~ xo `owd ty xfd zk`y~ klh yt~f xfd ~fkgx~
kykzx,
8" Xfb~ knxbol goznd~ xfd yblbol~ ol dknf ~fkgx xo jdkz kmkbl~x xfd ~bhd mdkz
zblm~ bl ozhdz xo kyycr xfd nctxnf }fbnf cone~ joxf kvcd ~fkgx~ klh goznd xfd` xo
xtzl kx xfd ~k`d ~yddh,
@ohtcd Lo 9; == Wkbjfkw Wbxfojk Lkbe
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Ktxo`ojbcd Dlmblddzblm