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5/18/2012 1 Module 2 Theories and Principles Module Two Ethical Decision Making Theories and Principles Module 2 Theories and Principles Ethical theories provide framework for good moral judgment

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Page 1: Module 2 - Theories and Principles - No animations€¦ · Teleological Theory •“Telos” meaning end or goal •Focuses on end result Module 2 Theories and Principles Deontological

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Module Two

Ethical Decision Making

Theories and Principles

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Ethical theories provide framework for good moral judgment

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Understanding modern ethical theories will help you understand the basis for making good ethical decisions

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Duty Based EthicsDeontological Theory

Consequences Based EthicsTeleological Theory

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Deontological Theory

• “Deon” meaning duty

• Demonstrates respect for rules

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Teleological Theory

• “Telos” meaning end or goal

• Focuses on end result

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Deontological or Teleological

• I am very concerned about the outcome of a decision but less inclined to follow the rules if I am not happy with the outcome.f ppy

• The rules establish a fair and equitable resolution of any problem.  I am comfortable following the rules and I am comfortable with the outcome.

Module 2 Theories and Principles

“The Ends Justifies the Means”

Teleological Approach

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Follow the Rules to the Outcome

Deontological Approach

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Deontological + Teleological =

Deonutilityy

or 

Good Principles and Guidance

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Module 2 Theories and Principles

All decisions are guided by a set of moral principles:

R t f A t• Respect for Autonomy, 

• Beneficence, 

• Nonmaleficence,  

• Justice.

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Respect for Autonomy ‐ is the right of the client to make their own choices 

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Respect for Autonomy

Relies on accurate informationRelies on accurate information presented to the client so an informed decision can be made

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Beneficence

Is an obligation to ensure the careIs an obligation to ensure the care provided is of benefit

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Nonmaleficence

Is doing no harm to a client’sIs doing no harm to a client s overall well being

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Beneficence and NonmaleficenceBeneficence and Nonmaleficencework together

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Justice

Justice maximizes fairness toJustice maximizes fairness to ensure resources are available to any and all who require them

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Two Types of Justice

Distributive

And

Comparative

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Distributive Justice

Allocation of health care resourcesAllocation of health care resources at the societal level

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Comparative Justice

Allocation of health services to the individual

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

You work in an understaffed out‐patient physiotherapy facility.  The facility is b k d d h l i i li O loverbooked and has a long waiting list.  Only 

one appointment is available within the next two weeks. 

Module 2 Theories and Principles

You must choose between:

Ms Jones, a 29 year‐old spinal cord injured female who recently injured her shoulder and is having difficulty moving her wheelchair or 

Mr Smith, a 70 year‐old male who recently had a knee replacement and needs rehabilitation to get him mobile and off a walker.  

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Ethical Decision Making Rules and Duties 

V it• Veracity • Fidelity • Conflict of Interest• Confidentiality

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Veracity

The duty to tell the truthThe duty to tell the truth

Module 2 Theories and Principles

FidelityThe duty 

• To honour professional pcommitments

• Establish relationships of trust• Place the client’s interests ahead of our own

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Conflict of Interest

The duty to declare where theThe duty to declare where the client’s interests are not paramount 

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Confidentiality

Th d i i liThe duty to maintain client confidentiality 

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Virtue TheoryC ThCare Theory 

Relational Ethics

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Virtue Theory

Moral Character or Moral Agent h d i d d i i kithat drives good decision making

What makes a person good also makes them do the right thing

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Care Theory and Relational Ethics are

alternate approaches to principle based ethics 

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Care Theory

Related to justice and follows anRelated to justice and follows an empathetic approach 

Module 2 Theories and Principles

Relational Ethics

Nurtures relationships with clientsNurtures relationships with clients 

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Central Premise

Having good moral character, aHaving good moral character, a caring approach and nurturing relationship to your client with result in good ethical decisions.

Module 2 Theories and Principles

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Remember:

Personal approaches influenced by Deontological or Teleological th i b ththeories or both

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Remember:

Modern ethical decision making has evolved to consider the i i l f A tprinciples of Autonomy, 

Beneficence, Nonmaleficence and Justice

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Remember:

Rules and duties including Veracity, Fidelity, Conflict of Interest and Confidentiality

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Remember:

Virtue and Care theories and Relational ethics impact

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Module 2 Theories and Principles

Understanding theories and principles of ethics a d p c p es o et cs

will lead to good decision making.

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