MODULE 1

Positive Behavior

Interventions &

Supports:

An Overview

Before starting the Module, complete the pre-test

Module 1 Knowledge Pre-assessmenthttps://bloomu.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_8oc81MoMrqRT3x3

Module Objectives

Describe Positive Behavior Supports and Importance in School Settings

Provide an Overview of the 3 Tiers of School-wide Positive Behavior Interventions & Supports

Identify the Impact of Implementing School-wide Positive Behavior Interventions & Supports

Illustrate the connection between Response to Intervention for Academics and Positive Behavior Interventions & Supports

Jargon Buster

Positive Behavior Supports (PBS): an applied science that uses educational methods to expand an individual’s behavioral repertoire and systems change methods to redesign environments to enhance quality of life and minimize problem behavior (Carr et al., 2002)

Positive Behavior Interventions & Supports (PBIS): a framework for enhancing the adoption and implementation of a continuum of evidence-based interventions to achieve academically and behaviorally important outcomes for all students (Sugai et al., 2000)

School-wide PBIS (SWPBIS): emphasizes four integrated elements: (a) data for decision making, (b) measurable outcomes supported and evaluated by data, (c) practices with evidence that these outcomes are achievable, and (d) systems that efficiently and effectively support implementation of these practices

Multi-tiered Systems of Support (MTSS): continuum of evidence-based practices focused on prevention and early intervention to address academic and behavioral needs

Evidence-based Practices (EBPs): interventions and supports backed by repeated empirical evidence of effectiveness

What is PBS in School Settings?

Application of scientifically-validated strategies and systems of prevention to: Increase appropriate behavior (and decrease

inappropriate behavior) Increase academic performance Increase safety and well being Establish a positive school culture

PBS can be employed at the school-wide, classroom, targeted group, and individual student level

An Intro to SWPBIS (for PA schools): http://www.pattan.net/Videos/Browse/Single/?code_name=

an_introduction_to1

School

CommunityFamily

PBIS Framework

Framework consists of 4 integrated elements Outcomes: Measurable goals of

academic and behavioral success E.g., 95% daily attendance rate,

reduction in suspensions Data: Ongoing collection of information

that will help inform decisions regarding effectiveness E.g., Office Discipline Referrals,

Attendance, Grades Systems: Supports provided to staff to

implement PBIS E.g., School-wide Expectations,

Discipline Referral Process Practices: Procedures and techniques

utilized by school to promote expected behaviors E.g., Posted Expectations,

Systematic Observation, Caught Being Good Tickets

Outcomes

Data

Practices

Systems

PBS: Tiered Interventions

Universal/Prevention for All

School Systems and Practices to Teach and

Acknowledge Appropriate Behaviors, Continuum of

Interventions for Inappropriate Behaviors

Targeted Interventions

for SomeRapid Response and

Intervention for Students Engaging in Repeated

Inappropriate Behaviors

Intensive, Individualized

Interventions for Few

Individual Student and Family Supports for Students Engaging in Chronic and/or

Severe Behaviors

Tier I Tier IIITier II

Why is PBS Important in School Settings?

There is an increasing need to address the social and emotional well-being of children in our schools today. Teachers report that students are increasingly unprepared to

meet the academic and behavioral expectations at schools, with less support from families

Although school violence has decreased, there is an increased proportion of the school-age population experiencing academic and behavioral difficulties, displaying anti-social behaviors, and becoming entangled with juvenile justice systems

Media attention has increasingly focused on “failing” schools and sensational bullying events

There are increasing degrees of school bullying, relational aggression and other forms of inappropriate student behaviors that disrupts the learning environment and can impede healthy child development and achievement.

PBIS Schools

In the USA, over 18,000 PBIS schools (www.pbis.org)

In PA, over 350 PBIS schools are formally participating in the PA PBS Network

http://papbs.org/filestorage/moduleupload/SWPBISschoolsinPA-3-1-12.pdf

Inappropriate Student Behavior

Student actions that are not consistent with behavioral expectations at school. There are two general types of inappropriate

student behavior: Nuisance behavior—Inconsequential

Inappropriate behavior that does not appear (by itself) to be harmful or unsafe at that moment in time (e.g. off task behavior, calling out without raising hand).

Problem behavior—Consequential Inappropriate behavior that is harmful and/or unsafe which

must be immediately stopped with the student redirected to act in more appropriate manner (e.g. aggressive behavior such as hitting and/or property destruction).

Bullying

School Bullying

Type of bullying that occurs in connection with education, either inside or outside of school. Bullying can be physical, verbal, or emotional and is usually repeated over a period of time.

Relational Aggression

Form of emotional bullying behavior emphasizing intent to harm others by manipulation of social standing or relationships (excluding others, starting rumors, gossiping).

http://www.stopbullying.gov/respond/index.html

School-wide PBIS [SWPBIS]

Prevention-oriented multi-tiered approach applied across all settings at school Students have access to instruction and

supports to prevent the development and occurrence of inappropriate behavior

Emphasizes appropriate behavior within/across all school contexts (e.g. classroom, hallway, other common spaces)

PBIS: Universal Prevention- Tier 1

Core principles of PBIS: We can effectively teach appropriate behavior

to all children Intervene early Use of a multi-tier model of service delivery Use research-based, scientifically validated

interventions to the greatest extent available Monitor student progress to inform

design/delivery of interventions Use data to make decisions

PBIS: Universal Prevention- Tier 1

Universal Prevention is significant in that it moves schools’ emphasis from reactive approaches to proactive systems.

Cohesively unites all the adults in using common language, common practices, and consistent application of reinforcement to promote expected behaviors.

PBIS: Universal Prevention- Tier 1

Behavioral expectations are established, explicitly taught, and reinforced with all students by all staff at school. E.g., Be Respectful, Be Responsible, Be Safe

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGuT9-_Y5J4&feature=related

Frequent and random reinforcement for demonstration of expected behaviors Behavior-specific praise. “Great job being safe in the

computer lab.”

80 - 90% of students in most schools will sufficiently respond to Universal Prevention (i.e., will not engage in significant misbehavior or chronic nuisance behaviors).

PBIS: Tier II ( Targeted Prevention)

Students who do not respond sufficiently to Universal Prevention (i.e., have been sent to the office 2-5 times during the academic year due to significant misbehaviors) require Tier II supports

Emphasizes more intensive instruction and reinforcement through targeted interventions and supports (e.g. mentoring, check-in check-out, check / connect programs, self-monitoring).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKwMbLNl_zI&feature=related

5-15% of students in most schools may require Targeted Prevention

PBIS: Tier III ( Individual, Intensive Intervention)

Students who do not respond sufficiently to Universal and Targeted Prevention (i.e., have been sent to the office 6 or more times during the academic year due to significant misbehaviors) require intensive, individualized interventions and supports (Tier III) Often integrate supports from other community services in

tandem with application of wraparound approaches.

3-5% of students in most PBIS schools may require Individual Intensive interventions based on the results of a functional behavior assessment (FBA); Once the function (purpose) of the inappropriate behavior has been identified, an intervention plan to improve the behavior is developed What is an FBA? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sIYgSZiZ28

What is the Impact of SWPBIS?

Is it worth the effort?

The Cost of Discipline Each time a student receives an office discipline

referral (ODR) and sent to the office, it costs approximately 20 minutes of time (45 minutes if the incident results in a suspension)

“Tardy Middle School”

2011-12 (Before Implementing SWPBIS)

2012-13 (Implementing SWPBIS)

20 Minutes per Major ODR

45 Minutes per Major ODR Resulting

in Suspension

20 Minutes per Major ODR

45 Minutes per Major ODR Resulting

in Suspension

2340 ODRs 250 ODRs 955 ODRs 51 ODRs

780 hours of Administrator and Student

Time Lost

188 hours of Administrator and Student

Time Lost

318 hours of Administrator and Student

Time Lost

38 hours of Administrator and Student

Time Lost

Less ODRs More Instructional Time

Academic Gains have been linked to implementation of SWPBIS Teachers spend less time disciplining and more time

teaching Students are more actively engaged with more

opportunities to learn

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1200 968

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“Tardy Middle School”

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Impact of SWPBIS Reduction in problem behaviors1 and office discipline

referrals2

Improved academic gains and social behavior3

Supports teachers’ well-being and sense of competence4

1Horner et al., 2005

2Barrett et al., 2008; Eber, 2006; Horner et al., 2005; Lohrman-O’Rourke et al., 2000; Luiselli, Putnam, & Sunderland, 2002; Olmstead v. L.C., 1999; Taylor-Greene et al., 1997; Taylor-Greene & Kartub, 2000

3Eber, 2006; Gottfredson et al., 1993; Kellam et al., 1994; McIntosh et al, 2006; J. R. Nelson et al., 2002; Putnam et al., 2006

4Grayson & Alvarez, 2008; Jennings & Greenberg, 2009; Oliver & Reschly, 2007

Impact of SWPBIS on Teachers

Encourages a positive, supportive school culture

Teachers have the opportunity to collaborate with their colleagues to implement effective practices

Increases positive interactions between teachers and students (which decreases teacher stressors and increases sense of efficacy)

(Ross, Romer, & Horner, 2012)

PBIS in the News

http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2012/10/25/09pbis_ep.h32.html

http://www.pattan.net/category/Educational%20Initiatives/Behavior/page/PBIS_In_the_News.html

What About Academics?

Response to Intervention and PBIS

Response to Intervention ( RTI) and PBIS

RTI is the practice of organizing school-wide high-quality instruction and interventions matched to student need within a multi-tiered framework, monitoring progress frequently to make decisions about changes in instruction or goals, and applying child response data to important educational decisions (Batsche et al., 2005).

RTI organizes the delivery of a range of evidence-based interventions and supports based on each child's needs.

PBIS is based on a problem solving approach that reflects data-based, multi-tiered systems of interventions and supports with the aim to prevent inappropriate behaviors by teaching and reinforcing appropriate behaviors within and across all school settings.

PBIS provides a range of evidence-based interventions and supports based on each child’s needs.

Similarities between Academic and Behavioral Challenges

Students requiring Tier 2 and/or Tier 3 supports struggle academically due to skill deficits and/or difficulties with academic skill fluency/ mastery.

Direct instruction using evidenced-based strategies is required to address academic skill deficits and/or skill fluency problems.

It is important to teach for initial academic skill acquisition, maintenance over time, and generalization across contexts.

Students requiring Tier 2 and/or Tier 3 supports struggle behaviorally (socially/emotionally) due to social skill deficits and/or difficulties with social skill fluency/mastery.

Direct instruction using evidenced-based strategies is required to address social skills deficits and/or skill fluency problems.

It is important to teach for social skill acquisition, maintenance, and generalization.

Academic Challenges Behavioral Challenges

Teach . . . Teach . . . Teach

Relationship between RTI and SWPBIS

Emphasis is on prevention and early intervention through evidenced-based practices.

Imbedded in differentiated instruction.

Layered components of interventions and supports across Universal Prevention (Tier 1), Targeted Prevention (Tier 2), and Individual-Intensive Intervention (Tier 3).

Focus on how to best meet the needs of all children including any given child experiencing social and academic difficulties.

Provides effective strategies to support growth and development.

Reflects data-based decision making and alignment of systems of interventions and supports.

Academics and/or Behavior

High quality instruction for 100% of students

Targeted in-class interventions for 10-20% of students

More intensive interventions for 5-10% of

students

Specialized instruction for 1-5% of students

Family Involvement

Continuum of Practices to Assist ALL Students to Be Successful

Additional Website Resources

McDowell Institute for Teacher Excellence in Positive Behavior Supports (www.bloomu.edu/mcdowell)

Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports (www.pbis.org)

Association for Positive Behavior Support (www.apbs.org)

PA Positive Behavior Support (www.papbs.org)

The Iris Center (www.iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu)

Intervention Central (www.interventioncentral.com)

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Module 1 Knowledge Post-Assessmenthttps://bloomu.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_8oc81MoMrqRT3x3