module 1. describe san antonio in a few words. ◦ climate, soil, landforms, animal life,...
TRANSCRIPT
Natural Texas and its People:
Module 1
Describe San Antonio in a few words.
◦Climate, soil, landforms, animal life, vegetation, language, religion, population distribution, political/economic systems
◦Think back to 6th grade.
On the top of page 4…
You just named the physical and human characteristics of San Antonio. We learned about this in 6th grade and now we are going to apply what we learned to the Texas regions.
BUT FIRST…….
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwNLp6lbQRw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Intro to Texas
Landforms: features on Earth’s surface.
Can you name some landforms?
Texas has 4 major landforms: hills, mountains, plains, and plateaus.
Physical CharacteristicsLandforms
Plains are areas of flat land without a sharp rise or fall in elevation.
Plains
Areas of flat elevated land that drops sharply on one or more sides.
Plateaus
Hills and Mountains
Texas has several water features: lakes, rivers and streams
Water from all of the rivers and streams in Texas eventually flow into the Gulf of Mexico.
Texas has few natural lakes but many man made.
Aquifers are formations of natural gravel, rock and sand that trap and hold rainwater underground. Aquifers provide water for farms, homes and industry.
Water
LBJ Lake (man made)
Water pics
Caddo Lake(natural lake)
Edwards Aquifer
Climate is the weather at a particular place over a period of years.
Climate is affected by location: distance from equator, proximity to large bodies of water
Climate
Climate, landforms and soil all help to determine where a plant will grow.◦ Brush, bushes, grasses, trees, wildflowers
Vegetation of Texas provides a habitat to a wide variety of animals.◦ Armadillos, bears, deer, javelinas, prairie hens,
raccoons, wildcats, skunks, wild turkey and wolves
◦ Alligators, catfish, oysters, redfish, shrimp
Vegetation and Wildlife
Agricultural◦Crops and animals◦Timber
Energy◦Oil, coal and natural gas
Natural Resources
◦Geographers used climate, landforms, plant life and soil to divide the United States into geographic regions (think back to 6th grade!). They do the same for Texas…dividing it into 4 natural regions:
Coastal Plains - Piney Woods (sub-region)North Central PlainsGreat PlainsMountains and Basins
Mountains & Basins
Great Plains
N. Central Plains
Coastal Plains
Piney Woods
(sub-region)
Let’s color and label the regions…
The Coastal Plains Region
Covers 1/3 of the land of Texas Includes the Piney Woods (sub
region)
Location
Flat and low Wooded land and coastal sands Good soil along riversGulf of Mexico is main border
Geographic Features:
Hot, humid summers, mild winters
Weather Problems:HurricanesTornadoes Droughts
Climate:
Bodies of waterGood soil/climate for farmingOil and gasFactories Ports
Natural Resources:
Houston San Antonio Brownsville Galveston
This is the most populated region
Major Cities (southern part):
The Karankawa
The Coastal Plains
Look at your IAN and your notes about the Coastal Plains Region.
Based on what you know about the region, make at least 2 assumptions about the Karankawa.◦Shelter, food, clothing, tools….
Coastal Plains Settlements near present-day Galveston
south to Corpus Christi Bay nomads
◦ Fall/Winter- near Gulf Coast◦ Spring/Summer-near rivers and springs on the
coastal prairie
Location
Portable wigwams (circular huts)◦ Made from bent
poles◦ Covered with
animal skin◦ Floors were
covered with reed mats
◦ Could house 7-8 people
Shelter
Hunters and gatherers Hunters
◦ Men◦ Wooden bows and arrows to hunt/fish◦ Fish traps◦ Dugout canoes
Gatherers◦ Women◦ Collected plants, birds’ eggs, shellfish
Rumored to be cannibals- not true◦ Not for food but for “magic power”
Food
Deer skin or grass skirtsMen and women painted themselves with bright colors
Used alligator fat and dirt to repel the insects
Is this an example of adapting or modifying? Why?
Clothing
Unusually tall ◦ Skeleton found of person 6 feet
Kept dogs similar to coyotes or fox◦ Name believed to mean dog-lovers
Treated children with kindness Given 2 names
◦ One was secret which only family members knew
◦ Secret name was thought to carry magic and protection from danger
Culture
1500s- Cabeza de Vaca◦Feared by Europeans who wanted their
land ◦Why did Europeans want their land?
Diseases killed many Fought with other groups Vanished by the mid-1800s
Why do you think they vanished? How could they have adapted/modified?
Contact with Europeans
Cabeza de Vaca
Look back at your notes about the Coastal Plains region and the Karankawa Native Americans.
Write a diary entry from the view point of a Karankawa teenager. (at least 5 sentences)
What was life like for them?◦ Hardships, entertainment, food…
** Complete in your IAN
Output
What are the characteristics of the Coastal Plains
Warm Up
The Piney Woods (Sub-Region)
Part of the pine forest that covers the entire southern United States from the Atlantic Ocean to Texas.
Located in far east Texas
Location
Most of the land is rolling hillsTall pine trees
Geographical Features
Wettest climate in TexasPart of tornado alley
Climate
Timber◦ Gum, hickory, oak, and pine trees
Farming◦ Rich soil and wet climate
Oil Water sources
◦ Creeks, lakes, rivers Big Thicket National Preserve
Natural Resources
Longview
Dallas
Texarkana
Major Cities
The Piney WoodsThe Caddo
The Caddo were found in East Texas This is in the Piney Woods region
Location
They lived in Dome shaped homes Some were very large They were a settled community…non-
nomadic
Shelter
The Caddo were hunters (buffalo), gatherers (seeds, etc), and farmers(Corn, beans, squash)
The Caddo wore buffalo hide
They often tattooed their faces
The Caddo were a very peaceful group
The men were expert hunters
The women made pottery
Both men and women tended to the crops
The adults often bound children’s heads to
make them longer and narrow
The Caddo had contact with both the Spanish and the French
“Caddo” comes from the French word meaning “real chief”
European Contact
Output Compare and contrast the Karankawa with
the Caddo tribes using a Venn Diagram.
Give as many similarities and as many differences for each
** Complete in your IAN
What Adaptations did the Caddo Native American Tribe make to live in the Piney Woods?
Warm Up
The North Central Plains
Part of the Great Central Plains of the US and Canada
Location:
Rolling grassy lands Thick grasses Limestone rock Higher elevation because limestone doesn't wear down easily
Geographic Features:
Dry air Tornadoes
Climate:
Fertile lands: watermelons, oats, cattle, angora goats
Cedar trees: fenceposts Oil and gasLimestone Minerals Streams
Resources:
Fort Worth Abilene Wichita Falls
Major Cities:
The WichitaThe North Central
Plains
Look at your IAN and your notes about the North Central Plains region.
Based on what you know about the region, make at least 2 assumptions about the Wichita.
Shelter, food, clothing, tools….
Wee-Ta-Ra-Sha-Ro, Head Chief of the Wichita. Painted by George Catlin in 1834
Central PlainsAlong the Red RiverOriginally from Kansas/Oklahoma moved to Texas in 1700s
Lived along creeks and rivers
Location
Lived in permanent villagesRound house
◦Made with cedar poles◦Covered with dried grass◦Very durable◦Large◦Hole in center for smoke from fire
Is this adapting or modifying?
Shelter
Hunted buffalo◦Ate it raw◦Did NOT eat fish
Farmers: Grew beans, corn, melons, and squash
Food
Made from tanned hideMen◦Shirts, loin cloths, leggings, moccasins
Women◦Dresses that covered chin to ankle decorated with elk teeth, moccasins
Clothing
Organized into 4 confederacies◦ Waco, Tonkawa, Tawakoni and the
Wichita
Tattooed their bodies◦ Many and unusual designs◦ Called selves Kitikiti’sh
(raccoon eyes)
Culture
First with Coronado in late 1500s Traded tanned hide disease Later moved to reservation in Oklahoma
Contact with Europeans
Using your notes on the Wichita and North Central Plains: Draw a sketch of what a Wichita Village would look like.
Make sure you include the homes, food, clothing…
** Complete in your IAN
Output
Great Plains
Part of the Great Plains of the US and Canada
Most of the Panhandle and Edwards Plateau
Location
Flat Few trees Canyons in North (Palo Duro Canyon) Higher elevation than Central Plains Cap Rock Escarpment Edwards Plateau
Geographic Features
Dry air Hot summers Cold winters Dust storms
Climate
Farming - cotton, wheat (irrigation from wells)
Ranching - cattle, sheep, goat
Oil and gas in the Permian Basin
Resources
Amarillo Lubbock Midland Odessa Kerrville
Major Cities
ComancheGreat Plains
Look at your IAN and your notes about the Great Plains region.
Based on what you know about the region, make at least 2 assumptions about the Comanche.
Shelter, food, clothing, tools….
Great Plains Moved to Texas in
1700s after acquiring horses
Drove out other tribes for the land◦ Jumanos, Apache
Location
Tepees◦ Nomadic- covered hundreds of miles a year
Items were lightweight and sturdy(leather and woven basket)-Little pottery
◦ Women would pack and move the tepees
Shelter
Buffalo Hunters-gatherers
◦ Men-hunt ◦ Women- gathered plants
On a daily basis women gathered most of the foods.
Food
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPA64RTfNiI&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
(Preparing for buffalo hunt)
Well dressed◦ Leaders wore European
clothing with many silver conchos
◦ Leather boots
Clothing
Lived in bands headed by a peace chief (older man)
When at war one temporary chief and War chief- best rider and fighter Skilled buffalo hunters
◦ Made them wealthy◦ Traded for goods
Skilled fighters◦ Controlled most of the plains
Culture
1680- from Spanish Called “finest light cavalry
in the world”◦ Expert riders and fighters
Used horses to have advantage in fights
Horses
Traded with Spanish Came to trade in organized groups
◦ One Comanche who could speak Spanish, French and 4 or 5 languages
◦ One Comanche who was skilled trader and diplomat Most of what they sold they had stolen
◦ Horses◦ Kidnapped people whose family would come to buy
them back (ransom) This later would cause big problems with the American
settlers Kept Spanish from moving north- Spanish could
not defeat them
Contact with Europeans
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbd1trNz9bY&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
(Speaking the Dakota language)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d9ICbZVs9TU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
(Lakota people from the Great Plains were actual natives depicted in the movie)
Compare and contrast the Comanche with another Native American tribe using a Venn Diagram. You may chose any that we have studied.
Give at least 2 similarities and 2 differences for each
** Complete in your IAN
Output
Mountains and Basins
Far west Texas East border is Great Plains South border is the country of Mexico North border is the state of New Mexico
Location
150 mountains in the mountain ranges Plateaus and basins (think back to 6th
grade) Deserts Pecos and Rio Grande Rivers Big Bend National Park
Geographic Features
Driest part of state Only 8 inches of rain per year on average Hot days, cool nights
Climate
Plants - short grasses, shrubs, desert plants in plateaus and basins; pine forests in mountains
Ranching - cattle, sheep, goat Farming - cotton, fruits,
vegetables, cantaloupes (irrigation in El Paso and Pecos River Valley)
Oil and gas - part of Permian Basin
Resources
El Paso Pecos Fort Davis Alpine
Major Cities
The JumanoMountains and Basins
Look at your IAN and your notes about the Mountains and Basins region.
Based on what you know about the region, make at least 2 assumptions about the Jumano.
Shelter, food, clothing, tools….
Mountains and Basins Region Along the Rio Grande
Location
Permanent houses of adobe brick◦ Dried clay◦ Cool in summer◦ 30-40 people in house◦ Flat roofs◦ Painted black, red, white and yellow stripes on the
inside wall Large villages
Shelter
Grew corn and other crops near river◦ River would overflow and water fields
Gathered wild plants Hunted buffalo with bow and arrow
Food
Animal hide◦ Softened by beating with stones
Moccasins Jewelry made from copper, coral and
turquoise Hair
◦ Women- long and tied◦ Men- short on sides, long in middle and curled
with paint, decorated with feathers
Clothing
Tattooed and painted their faces
Decline began with a drought in 1500s ◦ Crops died and buffalo moved
Under constant attack by Apache
Eventually joined other Native American groups
Culture
Traded with Spanish
Contact with Europeans
List 2 ways the Jumanos did or could have adapted to their Texas environment and 2 ways they did or could havemodified their Texas environment.
** Complete in your IAN
Output