Modernization of Management, Operation,

and Maintenance of Large Irrigation Systems

Robina Wahaj

FAO

Land and Water Division - NRL

OVERVIEW

• Why modernize irrigation systems?

• Increasingly complex irrigation management

• Irrigation Modernization definition

• Service Oriented Management and operation

• MASSCOTE methodology – elements, framework,

application

Modernization to improve performance

Irrigation performance often lower than

expected -improvements are critically

needed.

Modernization a continuing process that

aim to bring about improvements.

IRRIGATION SYSTEM MODERNIZATION

FAO 1997 Definition of Modernization:

a process of technical and managerial upgrading (as

opposed to mere rehabilitation) of irrigation schemes

with the objective to improve resource utilization

(labor, water, economics, environmental) and water

delivery service to farms.

Service Oriented Management

3 basic flows

WATER – INFORMATION - MONEY

Service

Provider produce

s SERVICE delivers

to Fournit

à

USER

Measures Charges

Controls

the offer

Contrôle

l’offre

Adjusts the

demand

Remunerates

MApping System & Services for

Canal Operation Techniques

Based on FAO experiences in

Asia on Modernization of Canal

Operation

MASSCOTE elements

• Focus on Canal Operation BUT Scope on Management:

Canal operation produces the service – Canal

examination is critical for the appraisal (canals don’t

lie).

• Service Oriented Management: the service to users is

the central and only goal of Management, Operation

and Maintenance of an irrigation system.

• Heterogeneity of service: based on the physical

constraints, opportunities, demand for service,

willingness to pay.

MASSCOTE elements

• Cost effectiveness: modernization means for each

users the right service at the right cost.

• Users=payers=decision makers: Users are the clients,

the beneficiaries, the payers and the decision makers

• Professionalism !!! : Management, operation and

maintenance of large scale irrigation systems are

complex tasks and needs skilled professionals.

MASSCOTE FRAMEWORK

(1) Rapid Appraisal

Procedure

(2) CAPACITY &

SENSITIVITY

(3) PERTURBATIONS

(4) WATER ACCOUNTING

(5) COST of OPERATION(6) SERVICE TO USERS

(7) MANAGEMENT

UNITS

(8) DEMAND for

OPERATION

(9) OPERATION

IMPROVEMENTS/UNITS

(10) INTEGRATING

SOM OPTIONS

(11) PLAN FOR MODERNIZATION and MONITORING & EVALUATION

VISION OF THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM

AND FUTURE SCENARIO BUILDING

MASSCOTE FRAMEWORK

(2) CAPACITY &

SENSITIVITY

(3) PERTURBATIONS

(4) WATER ACCOUNTING

(5) COST of OPERATION(6) SERVICE TO USERS

(7) MANAGEMENT

UNITS

(8) DEMAND for

OPERATION

(9) OPERATION

IMPROVEMENTS/UNITS

(10) INTEGRATING

SOM OPTIONS

(11) PLAN FOR MODERNIZATION and MONITORING & EVALUATION

VISION OF THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM

AND FUTURE SCENARIO BUILDING

(1) Rapid Appraisal

Procedure

Stakeholder consultation

Stakeholder consultation

Stakeholder consultation

Example RAP results (1)Land Productivity 56 systems $/ha

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

Jia

ma

kou

(C

hin

a)

Zh

an

gh

e (

Ch

ina

)

Sa

ng

an

he

(C

hin

a)

Jin

tai (

Ch

ina

)

Yu

me

nku

(C

hin

a)

Qia

nta

ng

jian

g (

Ch

ina

)

Gh

ata

pra

bh

a (

GB

LC

) (I

nd

ia)

We

st K

rish

na

(In

dia

)

He

ma

wa

thi (

Ind

ia)

Sh

ah

ap

ur

BC

Na

rya

np

ur

(In

dia

)

Rig

ht B

C N

ary

an

pu

r (I

nd

ia)

Ind

i BC

Na

rya

np

ur

(In

dia

)

Le

ft B

an

k C

an

al N

ary

an

pu

r (I

nd

ia)

Bh

ad

ra (

Ind

ia)

Da

ntiw

ad

a (

Ind

ia)

Bh

akr

a (

Ind

ia)

Jau

np

ur

Bra

nch

Ca

na

l (In

dia

)

Up

pe

r G

an

ga

Ca

na

l (In

dia

)

Ma

jalg

ao

n (

Ind

ia)

La

k B

ok

(In

do

ne

sia

)

Lo

do

yo (

Ind

on

esi

a)

Na

m H

ou

m (

La

os)

MA

DA

(M

aly

sia

)

Ke

mu

bu

(M

aly

sia

)

Ke

ria

n k

um

p (

Ma

lysi

a)

Pe

na

ng

(M

aly

sia

)

Su

nsa

ri M

ora

ng

(N

ep

al)

Na

raya

ni I

rrig

atio

n P

roje

ct (

Ne

pa

l)

Ma

ha

kali

(Ne

pa

l)

MA

RIIS

(P

hili

pp

ine

s)

Na

m O

on

(T

ha

ilan

d)

La

m P

ao

(T

ha

ilan

d)

Hu

ay

Lu

on

g (

Th

aila

nd

)

Ca

u S

on

-Ca

m S

on

(V

ietn

am

)

Da

u T

ien

g (

Vie

tna

m)

Go

Co

ng

Lo

ng

Ha

i (V

ietn

am

)

BH

H L

uo

ng

Ta

i (V

ietn

am

)

BH

H K

im D

on

g (

Vie

tna

m)

Do

ukk

ala

(M

orr

occ

o)

Ta

dla

Be

ni A

mir

(M

orr

occ

o)

Go

hth

ki (

Pa

kist

an

)

Jam

rao

(P

aki

sta

n)

Akr

am

Wa

h (

Pa

kist

an

)

Fu

leli

Gu

ni (

Pa

kist

an

)

Mo

nsh

ah

at (

Syr

ia)

Jord

an

Va

lley

IS (

Jord

an

)

Gu

ilia

n (

Ira

n)

De

z (I

ran

)

Mit

Ya

zid

(E

gyp

t)

Offi

ce d

u N

ige

r (M

ali)

Rio

Ya

qu

i Alto

(D

om

inic

Re

pu

blic

)

Co

ello

(C

olo

mb

o)

Sa

lda

na

(C

olo

mb

o)

Rio

Ma

yo (

Me

xico

)

Cu

pa

titzi

o (

Me

xico

)

Se

iha

n (

Tu

rke

y)

Pro

du

cti

on

ICP

$ /h

a/y

ea

r

Median = 1430 $

FAO - 56 Systems Survey

D.Renault 2010

Example RAP Results (2)Water Productivity 56 systems $ /m3

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

11.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.9

2

Jiam

akou

(Chi

na)

Zhan

ghe

(Chi

na)

San

ganh

e (C

hina

)Ji

ntai

(Chi

na)

Yum

enku

(Chi

na)

Qia

ntan

gjia

ng (C

hina

)G

hata

prab

ha (G

BLC

) (In

dia)

Wes

t Kris

hna

(Indi

a)H

emaw

athi

(Ind

ia)

Sha

hapu

r BC

Nar

yanp

ur (I

ndia

)R

ight

BC

Nar

yanp

ur (I

ndia

)In

di B

C N

arya

npur

(Ind

ia)

Left

Ban

k C

anal

Nar

yanp

ur (I

ndia

)B

hadr

a (In

dia)

Dan

tiwad

a (In

dia)

Bha

kra

(Indi

a)Ja

unpu

r Bra

nch

Can

al (I

ndia

)U

pper

Gan

ga C

anal

(Ind

ia)

Maj

alga

on (I

ndia

)La

k B

ok (I

ndon

esia

)Lo

doyo

(In

done

sia)

Nam

Hou

m (L

aos)

MA

DA

(Mal

ysia

)K

emub

u (M

alys

ia)

Ker

ian

kum

p (M

alys

ia)

Pen

ang

(Mal

ysia

)S

unsa

ri M

oran

g (N

epal

)N

aray

ani I

rrig

atio

n P

roje

ct (N

epal

)M

ahak

ali (

Nep

al)

MA

RIIS

(Phi

lippi

nes)

Nam

Oon

(Tha

iland

)La

m P

ao (

Thai

land

)H

uay

Luon

g (T

haila

nd)

Cau

Son

-Cam

Son

(Vie

tnam

)D

au T

ieng

(Vie

tnam

)G

o C

ong

Long

Hai

(Vie

tnam

)B

HH

Luo

ng T

ai (V

ietn

am)

BH

H K

im D

ong

(Vie

tnam

)D

oukk

ala

(Mor

rocc

o)Ta

dla

Ben

i Am

ir (M

orro

cco)

Goh

thki

(Pak

ista

n)Ja

mra

o (P

akis

tan)

Akr

am W

ah (P

akis

tan)

Fule

li G

uni (

Pak

ista

n)M

onsh

ahat

(Syr

ia)

Jord

an V

alle

y IS

(Jor

dan)

Gui

lian

(Iran

)D

ez (I

ran)

Mit

Yaz

id (E

gypt

)O

ffice

du

Nig

er (M

ali)

Rio

Yaq

ui A

lto (D

omin

ic R

epub

lic)

Coe

llo (C

olom

bo)

Sal

dana

(Col

ombo

)R

io M

ayo

(Mex

ico)

Cup

atitz

io (M

exic

o)S

eiha

n (T

urke

y)

Pro

duct

ion

$/m

3 of

irrig

atio

n su

pply

Median = 0.1 $/m3

FAO -- 56 Systems Survey

D.Renault 2010

Example RAP results (3)

MASSCOTE has been used for

• Developing modernization plans for implementation as

part of investment projects and programmes (China,

India, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Pakistan, Sri Lanka)

• Capacity development (Central Asia, East Asia, South

Asia, Near East and North Africa)

• As research tools by MSc. students (several from IHE

delft)

MASSCOTE family

Mapping systems and services for:

• canal operation techniques – MASSCOTE

• lift irrigation systems – MASSLIS

• fisheries in irrigation schemes – MASSIF

• multiple use systems - MASSMUS

• pressurized irrigation techniques – MASSPRES

THANK YOU