MODERNIZATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE

BY - SAYEEDA HAJIRA

MEANS / CAUSES OF MODERNIZATION

Industrialization

Urbanization

Secularization

Rise of new social classes

Social change

Westernization

Democratization

INSTRUMENTAL FACTORS OF MODERNIZATION

Universalization of education

Democratization of education

Urbanization

Industrialization

Scientific and technological advancement

OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF MODERNIZATION IN INDIA

Lack of oneness of nation Communal type of the social

organization Narrow religious beliefs which inhibit

the growth of nationality Closed system of hierarchical

satisfaction Diffused system of expectations and

rewards The drag of the cultural tradition The ascription versus achievement

dilemma The gap between the ideals and the

actuality