modernism. historical context world war i– the great war: technology of destruction world war i–...
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ModernismModernism
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Historical ContextHistorical Context
World War I– The Great War: World War I– The Great War: Technology of destructionTechnology of destruction
Communism—Stalin’s industrialization Communism—Stalin’s industrialization of the Soviet Union: 20 million deadof the Soviet Union: 20 million dead
Social realism in the artsSocial realism in the arts Fascism-Nationalism and racism: Fascism-Nationalism and racism:
Hitler’s institutionalization of genocideHitler’s institutionalization of genocideRadio and film used for propagandaRadio and film used for propaganda
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Mass Media in the U.S.Mass Media in the U.S.
Documentary arts:Documentary arts:
Commercial filmCommercial film
Radio programsRadio programs
PostersPosters
PhotographyPhotography
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ScienceScience
Einstein’s Theory of RelativityEinstein’s Theory of Relativity Quantum mechanicsQuantum mechanics
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PicassoPicasso
Mastered traditional techniquesMastered traditional techniques“blue period”“blue period”“rose period”“rose period”
Abandoned Renaissance tradition: Abandoned Renaissance tradition: new rulesnew rules
Les Demoiselles D’AvignonLes Demoiselles D’Avignon
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Influences on PicassoInfluences on Picasso
Cézanne’s Cézanne’s BathersBathers African and Polynesian masksAfrican and Polynesian masks PrimitivismPrimitivism
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CubismCubism
Revolutionary departure from Revolutionary departure from representational art. The area representational art. The area around painted objects became part around painted objects became part of the abstract geometric forms.of the abstract geometric forms.
Presented the object from many Presented the object from many angles simultaneously. angles simultaneously.
Georges BraqueGeorges Braque
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Stages of CubismStages of Cubism
Analytical phase: browns and grays. Analytical phase: browns and grays. Colors should not distract from lines Colors should not distract from lines and planesand planes
Synthetic phase: collageSynthetic phase: collage
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AbstractionAbstraction
Pure line, shape and color: non-Pure line, shape and color: non-objectiveobjective
Sculpture: Boccioni’s Sculpture: Boccioni’s Unique Forms Unique Forms of Continuity in Space of Continuity in Space Brancusi’s Brancusi’s Bird in SpaceBird in Space
Painting: Piet Mondrian’s Painting: Piet Mondrian’s Broadway Boogie WoogieBroadway Boogie Woogie
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Anti-ArtAnti-Art
Dada: rejection of reason and order Dada: rejection of reason and order in artin art
Marcel Duchamp’s Marcel Duchamp’s ready-madesready-mades: : L.H.O.O.Q.L.H.O.O.Q.mobile sculpture, urinalmobile sculpture, urinal
Later influenced performance art, Later influenced performance art, pop artpop art
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ExpressionismExpressionism
Henri Matisse: fauvismHenri Matisse: fauvism The Blue Window, Issy-les-MoulineauxThe Blue Window, Issy-les-Moulineaux German Expressionism: German Expressionism: Die BrückeDie Brücke Emil Nolde’s Emil Nolde’s Dance Around the Dance Around the
Golden CalfGolden Calf Der Blaue ReiterDer Blaue Reiter Wassily Kandinsky’s Wassily Kandinsky’s Improvisation 28 Improvisation 28
(Second Version)(Second Version) Paul Klee’s Paul Klee’s All Around the FishAll Around the Fish
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FreudFreud
The Interpretation of Dreams The Interpretation of Dreams influenced the humanities of the influenced the humanities of the Twentieth CenturyTwentieth Century
Psychoanalysis: freeing unconscious Psychoanalysis: freeing unconscious desires repressed by parental and desires repressed by parental and societal taboossocietal taboos
Georgio de Chirico’s Georgio de Chirico’s The Mystery The Mystery and Melancholy of a Streetand Melancholy of a Street
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SurrealismSurrealism
André Breton: automatismAndré Breton: automatism Surrealist painters sought to release Surrealist painters sought to release
the images of the subconsciousthe images of the subconscious Joan Miró’s Joan Miró’s The Birth of the WorldThe Birth of the World Salvador Dalí’s Salvador Dalí’s The Persistence of The Persistence of
MemoryMemory
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Modernism in LiteratureModernism in Literature
Poets discarded meter and rhyme: Poets discarded meter and rhyme: vers librevers libre
Prose: Virginia Woolf’s interior Prose: Virginia Woolf’s interior monologues or stream of monologues or stream of consciousness reveal the characters’ consciousness reveal the characters’ inner thoughts.inner thoughts.
Mrs. Dalloway: Mrs. Dalloway: A single dayA single day James Joyce’s James Joyce’s Ulysses: Ulysses: A single day A single day
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Modernist LiteratureModernist Literature
T.S. Eliot’s T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land The Waste Land New hero: ironic, frustrating, New hero: ironic, frustrating,
disappointing, self-doubting, disappointing, self-doubting, anxious.anxious.
Franz Kafka’s Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis Character becomes a giant insectCharacter becomes a giant insect
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Music/StravinskyMusic/Stravinsky
Le Sacré du Printemps Le Sacré du Printemps shocked the shocked the music worldmusic world
Russian folk traditionRussian folk tradition Diaghilev: artistic directorDiaghilev: artistic director Nijinsky: dancer-choreographerNijinsky: dancer-choreographer Stravinsky’s music introduced multiple Stravinsky’s music introduced multiple
meters, or polyrhythm, and multiple meters, or polyrhythm, and multiple simultaneous keys or polytonalitysimultaneous keys or polytonality
Creates disturbing dissonanceCreates disturbing dissonance
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Music/SchoenbergMusic/Schoenberg
Rejected the classical tradition of Rejected the classical tradition of orchestral musicorchestral music
Atonal music: not composed in a key: Atonal music: not composed in a key: expressionisticexpressionistic
Pierrot LunairePierrot Lunaire Twelve-tone method: not popular Twelve-tone method: not popular
with audienceswith audiences
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Modernist ArchitectureModernist Architecture
Bauhaus School (German) Walter Bauhaus School (German) Walter Gropius: Clean, functional designGropius: Clean, functional design
Le Corbusier (French) functional Le Corbusier (French) functional glass and metal designsglass and metal designs
Art deco: sleek, simple shapes with Art deco: sleek, simple shapes with decorative forms, like the decorative forms, like the “gargoyles” of the Chrysler Building“gargoyles” of the Chrysler Building
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Bertolt BrechtBertolt Brecht
Epic theater Epic theater The Threepenny OperaThe Threepenny Opera The disparity between the ruling The disparity between the ruling
class in Germany and the working class in Germany and the working classesclasses
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Political PaintingsPolitical Paintings
Orozco, Siqueiros and Rivera: murals Orozco, Siqueiros and Rivera: murals on public buildings in Mexicoon public buildings in Mexico
Rivera’sRivera’s The Enslavement of the The Enslavement of the Indians: Indians: criticism of Spain’s criticism of Spain’s oppression of the indigenous peopleoppression of the indigenous people
Kahlo’s Kahlo’s The Broken Column Picasso’s Picasso’s Guernica: Guernica: decimation of the decimation of the
town of Guernica by German bombs town of Guernica by German bombs during Spanish Civil Warduring Spanish Civil War
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CinemaCinema
D.W. Griffith’s D.W. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation The Birth of a Nation Silent film: Charlie ChaplinSilent film: Charlie Chaplin Soviet film: Eisenstein’s Soviet film: Eisenstein’s Battleship Battleship
PotemkinPotemkin Montage technique: “Odessa Steps”Montage technique: “Odessa Steps” Leni Riefenstahl’s Leni Riefenstahl’s The Triumph of The Triumph of
the Will, the Will, Nazi propagandaNazi propaganda
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The U.S.A./ N.Y.The U.S.A./ N.Y.
Photography: Alfred StieglitzPhotography: Alfred Stieglitz Painter: Georgia O’KeeffePainter: Georgia O’Keeffe The Harlem Renaissance:The Harlem Renaissance:
Countee CullenCountee CullenLangston HughesLangston HughesZora Neale HurstonZora Neale Hurston
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U.S.A/Other ArtistsU.S.A/Other Artists
Edward Hopper Edward Hopper NighthawksNighthawks Willa CatherWilla Cather William Faulkner: William Faulkner: Absalom, Absalom,
Absalom!Absalom!
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American DanceAmerican Dance
Modern Dance: freedom from Modern Dance: freedom from classical ballet Isadora Duncanclassical ballet Isadora Duncan
Modern Ballet: classical Modern Ballet: classical training/freer expressiontraining/freer expressionGeorge BallanchineGeorge BallanchineMartha GrahamMartha Graham
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American MusicAmerican Music
Aaron Copland’s Aaron Copland’s Appalachian Spring Appalachian Spring
Charles Ives’ Charles Ives’ Three Pieces in New Three Pieces in New England England
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ArchitectureArchitecture
Frank Lloyd Wright: incorporate Frank Lloyd Wright: incorporate naturenature
““Fallingwater”Fallingwater”
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Jazz!Jazz!
Improvised melodies, “swing” rhythmImprovised melodies, “swing” rhythm African-American originsAfrican-American origins George Gershwin’s George Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess, Porgy and Bess,
Rhapsody in Blue: Rhapsody in Blue: concert musicconcert music Large dance bandsLarge dance bands Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington,
Charlie “Bird” Parker, John Coltrane, Charlie “Bird” Parker, John Coltrane, Miles DavisMiles Davis