modern trends of fire protection in rolling stock, th … · 18 may 2016, warsaw, poland 3 source:...

member

FIRE TEST LABORATORY

AB 014

NOTIFIED BODY

NB 2434

Marta Walk, Helena Modrzejewska

Fire resistance barriers –review of requirements and

presentation of specific tests.

III International Conference

MODERN TRENDS OF FIRE PROTECTION

IN ROLLING STOCK,

18th May 2016, Warsaw, Poland

Outline

•Fire tests conception

•Criteria - General requirements

•Performance requirements for fire barriers

•Examples of fire resistance tests

III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE


IN ROLILNG STOCK

18 May 2016, Warsaw, Poland

2

Fire tests conception - Definitions• Fire barrier - element that is intended for use in maintaining separation between

two adjacent areas of a railway vehicle, which in the event of a fire, resists the passage of flame and/or heat and/or effluents for a period of time under specified conditions.



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Source: Tennants Building Products

Requirements for fire barriers for railway vehicles are specified in European Standard:

EN 45545-3 „Railway applications – Fire protection on railway vehicles - Part 3:

Fire resistance requirements for fire barriers”

Fire tests conception

Examination of a fire barrier:

•in the conditions of high temperature / fully developed fire

•installed as in practice, as in actual railway vehicles

•placed in real position (vertical or horisantal)



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Testing procedure



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Furnace construction and testing requirements are based on EN 1363-1:2012

740°C

840°C

Criteria - General requirements



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•Integrity criterion E

•Insulation criterion I

•Radiation criterion W

Integrity criterion - ETime, during which test specimen continues to maintain its separating function during the fire test

The assessment of INTEGRITY shall be made on the basis:

•Cracks or openings in excess of given dimensionsi.e. gaps larger than 25mm wide or 6mm wide and 15cm long

•Appearance of sustained flaming i.e. flaming in excess of 10 s duration.

Ø≥25mm

Insulation criterion - I

Time, during which the test specimen continues to maintain its separating functionwithout developing temperatureson the unexposed side, which are:

•ΔT average ≤ 140°C above ambient

•Δ T max ≤ 180°C above ambient

Radiation criterion - WTime, during which the test specimen continues to maintain its separating function without exceeding the given value [kW/m2] of radiation transferred on the unexposed side

Heat radiation - trasfer energy in the form of electromagnetic waves

According to EN 45545-3:

A product/element that satisfies the insulation criterion I is also deemed to satisfy

the W requirementfor the same period

Classification requirements for fire barriersAccording to EN 45545-3, the expected fire barrier performance falls within

the following requirements:

Minimum: No requirement;

Maximum E30/ E15 I15;*

Most common E15 or E10

The requirements for fire barriers depend on the operation categories and their location in the railway vehicle.

Operation Category of a railway vehicle - relationship between service, infrastructure and evacuation conditions for passengers and staff.

There are four OC categories, these will be explained on slides to follow.

*Type B arc barriers according to EN 45545-5 shall satisfy the requirements for an E60 fire barrier

Examples of Performance requirements

for fire barriers



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Underfloor technical cabinet

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Protected location

Floor

Fire origin Fire barrier

Operation

categoryRequirements

1,2 and 4 E15

3 E15; I15

Operation category 1 - Vehicles for operation

on infrastructure where railway vehicles may

be stopped with minimum delay, and

where a safe area can always be reached

immediately. The running time for Operation

Category 1 vehicles in the event of fire is not

specified as these vehicles may be stopped

with minimum delay and evacuation started.

Underfloor traction transformers or reactors filled with insulation fluid

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Protected location

Floor

Fire origin Fire barrier

Operation


1 and 2 E15

3 and 4 E15; I15


on underground sections, tunnels and/or

elevated structures, with side evacuation

available and where there are stations or

rescue stations that offer a place of safety to

passengers, reachable within a short running

time. The running time for Operation Category

2 vehicles in the event of fire shall be 4 min.

Fire in passenger area, protection of adjacent passenger area

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Operation


1 , 2 and 4 No requirement

3 E15



elevated structures, with side evacuation

available and where there are stations or

rescue stations that offer a place of safety to

passengers, reachable within a long running

time. The running time for Operation Category

3 vehicles in the event of fire shall be 15 min.

Fire barrier

Fire origin

Fire in passenger area, protection of driver’ s cab

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Operation


1 , 2 No requirement

4 E10

3 E15; I15a



elevated structures, without side

evacuation available and where there are

stations or rescue stations that offer a place of

safety to passengers, reachable within a short

running time. The running time for Operation

Category 4 vehicles in the event of fire shall be

4 min.

a I15 is required for vehicles subject to the

Directive 2008/57/EC. For other railway

vehicles W15 is required instead of I15.

Fire originFire barrier

Protected location

Luggage Compartments Luggage Container

Operation


1 No requirement

2 E15

3 E30

4 E30

Operation


1 E15

2 E15

3 E30

4 E30

Protected location: outside the luggage container

Fire origin: inside the luggage container Fire origin: inside the luggage compartment

Protected location: Passenger and Staff areas including driver’s cab

Examples of fire resistance tests Vertical furnace

Horizontal furnace

Unexposed side – before the test



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Hatch mounted in

the railway vehicle floor

Test according to:

EN 45545-3

EN 1363-1

EN 1634-2

Exposed side – before the test



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Hatch mounted in

the railway vehicle floor

Hatch - unexposed side – after the test



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Rrequirements for

barrier performance

E 15

Hatch - exposed side – after the test



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Barrier performance:

During 15 min

maintained fire integrity

Classification of barrier

E 15




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Internal door mounted in

the railway vehicle wall

Test according to:

EN 45545-3

EN 1363-1

EN 1634-1




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Door mounted in


Door - exposed side – after the test



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Rrequirements for

barrier performance:

E 15

I 15

Door - unexposed side – after the test



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During 15 min


and satisfied insulation

criterion.


E 15

I 15




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Door mounted in


Test according to:

EN 45545-3

EN 1363-1

EN 1634-1




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Door mounted in





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Rrequirements for


E 15




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During 15 min



E 15




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Door mounted in

the electrical locomotive wall

Test according to:

ISO 834-1

EN 1363-1




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Door mounted in

the electrical locomotive wall




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Rrequirements for


E 15




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During 15 min



E 15




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Door mounted in

the wall between driver’s cab

and passenger area

Test according to:

ISO 834-1

EN 1363-1




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Door mounted in


and passenger area

Test according to:

ISO 834-1

EN 1363-1




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Rrequirements for


E 10




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During 10 min



E 10




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Door mounted in

the front wall of coach

Test according to:

UIC 564-2

ISO 834-1

EN 1363-1

EN 1634-1




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Door mounted in


and passenger area

Test according to:

UIC 564-2

ISO 834-1

EN 1363-1

EN 1634-1

Additional parameters:

Thermal insulation I

Radiation W




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During 15 min


and satisfied radiation

criterion.

Thermal insulation

criterion satisfied

during 9 min.


E 15

W 15




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During 15 min


and satisfied radiation

criterion


E 15

W 15




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Door mounted in

the front wall of passenger coach

Test according to:

UIC 564-2

ISO 834-1

EN 1363-1

EN 1634-1

Additional parameters:

Insulation I

Radiation W




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Door mounted in

the front wall of passenger coach

Rrequirements for


E 15

I 15




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During 15 min satisfied

radiation criterion.

Fire integrity – maintained

during 13 min

Thermal insulation criterion

was satisfied during 12 min.


W 15

E 10

I 10




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Requirements:

E 15

I 15


E 10

I 10

W 15

Conclusions

Floor above technical devices and equipment which can be the source of fire shall be designed as fire barrier with at least E15 or with E15 and I15 fire resistance.

This floors shall be tested according to EN 1364-2 standard (ceilings).

Walls between adjacent areas (passenger areas, driver’s cabs, luggage container or compartment and technical cabinet) designed as firebarriers are E10 or E15 and I15 or E30 fire resistance.

These walls shall be tested according to EN 1364-1 standard (walls).

Doors used in a fire barrier shall maintain fire resistance of the barrier and be tested according to EN 1634-1 standard (doors).



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Thank you for attention

modern trends of fire protection in rolling stock, th … · 18 may 2016, warsaw, poland 3 source:...

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