Hafiz Wassi Muhammad Khan

MODERN TRENDS IN FODDER

PRODUCTION

MODERN TRENDS IN FODDER PRODUCTION

SELF ASSESSMENT

Basis of of dairy farming in Pakistan

• Ambition

• Landless

• Prestige

• Financial security

• Subsistence land holders

• Business

6

Current Status as Economic Survey of Pakistan 2006

Average milk yield/day • Cow 6.1 liters/day

• Buff 6.9 liters/day

Average yield/lactation • Cow 1800liters

• Buff 2000liters

7

6.1

33.1

7.3

29.6

0

10

20

30

40

Sahiwal

present

Potential

Sahiwal

Present

Buffalo

Potential

buffalo

Lit

ers

Genetic Improvement by Selection Productive Potential of Local Animals

Modern Trends in Dairy Production

5

10

15

20

25

40 50 60 70 80 90 00

Year

Co

ws

(m

illi

on

s)

1000

3000

5000

7000

9000

Milk

yie

ld (k

g/c

ow

)

1947 2012

2012 1947

An

im

al P

op

ulatio

n

Area under Fod

der C

ultivatio

n

12 M

65 M 20%

13%

33

20

13

7

Factors Responsible for Reduction in Milk Yield

GENETIC POTENTIAL (PAIDA WARI SALAHIAT)

ENVIRONMENT (MAAHOL)

MAJOR FODDER ISSUES

• Feed scarcity

• Feed quality

• Highly degraded grazing lands

• Erratic rainfall distribution

• Large number of livestock

• Limited understanding of farmers towards production and conservation of animal feed.

• Summer fodders give higher yield but low CP while winter fodders give lesser yield/acre but

High CP with low energy

Introduction of high yielding multi cut fodders

to cope with lean period

Introduction of new verities suitable for

grazing

Climatic change

Periods of Fodder Shortage

Traditional Fodder Production Pattern

IMPORTANCE OF FODDER

• Fodder for Animals:

• 1. The cheapest source of feed.

• 2. Fodder provides a variety of important nutrients.

• 3. Fodder provides animals their favourite feed, throughout the year.

• 4. Excessive fodder can be easily stored for seasons when there is a shortage of fodder.

TYPES OF FODDERS AVAILABLE

• God Almighty has blessed man with various kinds of fodders

according to the needs of the • animals in different seasons. For instance, wintertime fodders have

a higher protein content to help tolerate a cold climate; in the summertime fodders contain less protein to

• counter the ill effects of high temperatures. These fodders can be divided according to

• the productive age of the fodders and different seasons, as listed below:

• 1. Multicut / evergreen fodders • 2. Winter Fodders • 3. Summer Fodders

Options for Planting Fodder Crops to Reduce Feed Gap

1. Variety/hybrid

2. Dual purpose varieties

(fodder & seed)

4. Know-how of cereal-

legume mixtures.

Fodder Crops Yield at Farmer Field VS

Research Station

S.No Crop Farmer field

(t/ha)

Research

Station (t/ha)

Yield Gap

(t/ha)

1 Berseem 45 90 45

2 Lucerne 40 90 50

3 Oats 35 70 35

4 Maize 35 60 25

5 Jowar 40 60 20

6 Bajra 35 45 15

7 Sadabahar 45 65 20

8 Sudangrass 30 50 20

9 Guara 20 40 20

10 Cowpea 15 25 10

Average 34 60 26

MODERN APPROACH

• HAY PRODUCTION

• SILAGE PRODUCTION

• CE FODDER PRODUCTION

• FODDER TREES N FODDER BUSHES

Harvested Rhodes Grass

VACCUME GRAIN HARVESTING

36

Value Addition of Wheat Straw

• NARC Pakistan has suggested the following formula:

• Urea = 4kg

• Water = 50 liters

• Wheat straw = 100 kg

• Molasses = 15 %

• Mineral Mixture = 2 %

CE FODDER PRODUCTION

CE

CE

CE