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Trends in Agriculture In Pakistan By

Mr. Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agricultural Extension

KPK/ Agricultural advisor Sohni Dharti TV Islamabad

Visiting Professor Agri University Peshawarallahdad52@gmail.com

03329221298Dated 26th April 2016

Agriculture Development Depends on

Trends in Agriculture Changes in the Rural Community Characteristics of the New Rural Community Issues for Agriculture in the New Rural Community Potential Conflict & Potential Risk Coping in the New Rural Community: Strategies for Agriculture

How Trends in Agriculture would Work ? Increasing Size & Scale of Production ( Cooperative farming) Specialization (Tunnel Technology) Efficiencies of Production ( High Yielding Varieties) Farming as Business ( Commercial farming) International Market Place ( WTO) Vertical Integration ( Integrated Farming) Role of technology ( Zero tillage , modern equipment's and

machines) Change in the family farm ( Young Folk) Tenure ( Lease, Share cropper) Environmental Liability ( Climate Change) Alternate Cropping ( Vegetables and fruit)

Thomas Malthus

In 1798, English philosopher famously argued that food production growth is inevitably limited by physical resource availability while population growth is geometric in its nature. He saw the food-population balance as always precarious because of physical resource limitations and

Global numbers are expected to grow from 7 billion in 2011 to a stable plateau of 9.1 billion by 2050, far below the path Malthus perceived, which would have meant more than 14 billion by 2050—without the intervention of disease or famine the arithmetic growth potential.

Risk Management Towards Trends

Production Risk: yields will be lower than desired due to weather or some other unpredictable event.

Marketing Risk: prices will be lower than desired due to volatile market conditions. • Financial Risk: returns from production will not be great enough to support a farm over time.

Legal Risk: legal issues, such as interpretations of contract provisions and environmental obligations, will threaten the cash income of farms.

Human Resource Risk: events affecting human resources, such as death, illness, or poor personnel management, will seriously disrupt an agricultural operation.

Structural constraints of Pakistan’s agricultural sector1.Agriculture Price Policy ( inputs output , planning)2.Agriculture Taxation ( in effective land reform)3.Agriculture Credit ( Provision and Recovery)4.Agriculture Marketing ( Cool chain , market monopoly, Access to market information)5. Agriculture Research ( Varieties)6. Agricultural Extension (Transfer of technology)7.Agricultural Education ( Practical)8.Agriculture Subsides ( as in other countries)9.Irrigated Vs barani Agriculture ( Water management)10.Making small farmers viable ( Through Projects)11.Manpower and employment ( Entrepreneurship)12.Agriculture Cooperatives13.Population14. Natural resource degradation (land, water, forests, biodiversity) 15. Gender equality and women’s empowerment .

Modern Agriculture

The ―modernity of agricultural systems is a characteristic well understood by farmers but not easily defined with specificity. Still, the distinctions between modern and traditional systems have powerful implications for the future development of the global food system even though it is important to recognize that few, if any, systems fall entirely into either the modern or traditional categories.

Modern Agriculture’s Crucial Role

The vital importance of food to physical, economic and cultural development, together with the importance of efficient, sustainable production makes modern techniques crucial—in fact, there is strong evidence that only such approaches have any significant chance of meeting the world’s basic food needs in the next few decades. In addition, they offer by far the world’s best—perhaps only—prospect of dealing with growing future challenges to protect the environment and to deal with global climate change. Finally, modern techniques offers the only prospect of extending the food choices now available to the wealthy to the world’s growing middle class.

World Economic Forum Says About Trends

The world is looking to agriculture to do more to meet growing needs for food, feed, fiber and industrial products, and to do so sustainably—all against a backdrop of constrained natural resources and growing challenges. Like many in agriculture, we believe that agriculture can sustainably grow to meet rising demand. We think there are four approaches to meeting growing global demand: First—preventing the post-harvest loss of what is already grown; Then, making the most efficient use of those crops; Next—improving productivity on existing land; and Last, where possible, sustainably bring some additional land into

production

Traditional AgricultureTraditional systems. Perhaps the most important difference between the categories is the way farmers see themselves and their roles. Traditional farmers, for example, often say that they seek to work effectively with resources at hand. That is, they use the land, rainfall, seeds, tillage methods and power sources they have to produce what nature offers. Conventional processes are used to till the land, select and plant seeds, protect plants from competing plants and animals and gather the harvest. Surpluses are marketed through nearby outlets. Such producers frequently report only limited capacity to change these processes—and some seek to avoid change.

Trends Helps In 1. Massive growth in food demand ( population influx)2. A continuing ramp up in efficiency ( Prices hike up)3. Hyper-science ( Not fully potential ized)4. Innovation defines success ( ecology )5. Retail and packaging innovation drive agricultural decisions ( Market demand)6. Intelligent packaging moves front and center ( Modern packaging)7. The Energy opportunity ( Alternate sources)8. Convenience and health take center stage ( Quality products

and MRL)9. Direct consumer-producer relationships blossom ( Linkages)10. Generational transformation ( Processing facilities)11. Partnership defines success ( Always)

12. The energy

Technologies and Trends Towards Future Agriculture Integrated Crop Management (IDM, IPM, ICM and IFM) Biotechnology ( New intervention GM foods , BT crops, Herbicides tolerant

crops, Disease resistant crops , Increased-solids tomatoes , Transgenic crops )

Genetic Engineering Zero tillage Technology ( Raised Beds Sowing) Organic Farming ( Farm Yard Manure and green Manuring and GAP)) Agriculture Advisory Service at Farm Services Centers ( FSC,s) Community Organizations ( Farmers Organizations) Bio pesticides ( Plants products) Mass Communication ( TV , radio , Video Conferences ,Talk Shows ,

Seminars Conferences,Exhibitions and other ) Drip Irrigation and sprinkler irrigation (HE Irrigation System0 Ecological zoning ( micro climate) Healthier foods (Nutritionally enhanced foods , Food enzymes) WTO (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).

Strategies in Agriculture Be vigilant - monitor and identify environmental issues as per Millennium

development Goal ( Climate Change) Aggressively develop & implement approaches to environmental issues

( Agrometerology) Anticipate loss of protection from terms such as “normal farm practices” Importance of Agriculture extension , education, communication and

Agriculture research ( Private and Public Extension Services and Public Private Partnership ,Projects etc )

Work to ensure that local government (and the community) is aware of agriculture’s contribution to the local community (After devolution)

Work for an agriculture first land use policy and rural development the next. Bank to effectively contribute to a broader development of greater agricultural

productivity, food security and poverty reduction Bank remain engaged in the agricultural sector but be more focused, selective, and innovative

Agriculture Infrastructure and Capacity building for sustainable agriculture and rural development initiatives:

Modern Trend In Agriculture A Summary 1.Farm Services Centers 2. Farmers Field Schools 3.E –Agriculture 4. Tunnel Technology for vegetable cultivation 5. Novel vegetables Cultivation 6. High Value Medicinal Plants Cultivation Let we Discuss them in Separate Presentation