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Kempton & PattenGlobal History II

Mepham High School

One Child Policy

Deng Xiaoping

Tiananmen Square

Human Rights Violations

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The one-child policy was established in 1979 to limit communist China's population growth.

It limits couples to one child.

Fines, pressures to abort a pregnancy, and even forced sterilization accompanied second pregnancies.

The Policy has been estimated to have reduced China’s population growth by as many as 300 million people over the past twenty years.

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This rule has caused a disrespect for female infants; abortion, neglect, abandonment, and even infanticide have been known to occur to female infants.

The result of this family planning has

resulted in the uneven ratio of 118 males for every 100 females.

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Now that millions of One-Child families in China are now young adults in their child-bearing years, a special provision allows millions of couples to have two children legally.

If a couple is composed of two people without siblings, then they may have two children of their own, thus preventing too dramatic of a population decrease.

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One Child Policy Video

By the 1980’s , some Chinese wanted greater political freedom.

In Beijing, students, workers, and others supported a democracy movement.

Deng Xiapeng only allowed economic reform, not political reform.

In May 1989, dissidents (people who oppose the government) in Beijing occupied Tiananmen Square, demanding more rights and freedoms. They built a huge plaster statue called Goddess of Liberty and waved banners proclaiming “Give us freedom or give us death.”

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When students’ refused to disperse as ordered, the government sent in troops and tanks. Thousands of Chinese demonstrators were killed or wounded. Many others were arrested and tortured, some put to death.

This showed how important it was for China’s communist leaders to maintain control. To them, order was more important than political freedom.

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Victims of the massacre

Struggle and fighting during the massacre

Tanks to fight off protesters

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Tiananmen Square Video

In 1976, Deng became the most powerful Chinese leader since Mao Zedong. Deng allowed economic reform not political reform.

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To make China more modern, Deng promoted foreign trade and more contact with western nations.

4 Modernizations:• Farming – methods were modernized and

mechanized• Industry – was upgraded and expanded• Science and Technology - were promoted and

developed• Defense – systems and military forces were

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Deng got rid of Mao’s unpopular communes

He leased land to individual farmers. After collecting a certain amount of food for the government, farmers could grow anything else they wanted for profit.

This increased agricultural output

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Deng welcomed foreign technology and capital.

The government set up special enterprise zones where foreigners could own and operate businesses.

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Deng allowed Chinese students to attend Western Universities to modernize China.

Under Deng thousands of Chinese visited the West and China’s economy began to turn after the decade during the Cultural Revolution

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POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Economy grew Some Chinese enjoyed a

better standard of living Foreign relations

increased Trade improved.

Crime grew Corruption increased Gap between the rich

and poor grew larger (*a new wealthy class emerged*)

Many Chinese wanted greater political freedoms

Deng Xiaoping VIDEO

Human Rights Violation – When a person’s natural rights are taken away. Examples would be the Holocaust, Apartheid in South Africa, and the Rwandan Genocide.

The Chinese government still suppresses nonconformist opinions and maintains political control over the legal system.

People's Republic of China (PRC) detains individuals for

exercising their rights to freedom of association, freedom of religion and freedom of expression.

Such violations include arrest without charge or trial.

Defendants do not get legal counsel.

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China has many restrictions on free speech and the media.

China must approve all books before

publication. Journalists, editors and publishers are

expected to censor themselves while following Chinese law. • For example, news coverage is required to be "80%

positive and 20% negative." If this rule is not followed one will be punished by official criticism, firing or imprisonment of the individuals responsible.

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During 1994, foreign news reporters were detained and interrogated by PRC police regarding their work as journalists, including the interviewing of Chinese dissidents and students and filming in Tiananmen Square.

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PRC prohibits all religious activities that does not include state-recognized religions (Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity and Islam).

Individuals participating in not state-

recognized worship without government authorization have been arrested, placed under surveillance, fined and, in some cases, tortured.

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Nobody knew his name. Nobody had read his words or heard him speak. Nobody knows what happened to him even one hour after this event. But the man who stood before a column of tanks near Tiananmen Square — June 5, 1989 — may have impressed his image on the global memory more vividly, than any before him. A small, unexceptional figure in slacks and white shirt, carrying what looks to be his shopping, posts himself before an approaching tank with a line of 17 more tanks behind it. The tank swerves right; he, to block it, moves left. The tank swerves left; he moves right. Then this anonymous man clambers up onto the vehicle of war and says something to its driver, which comes down to us as: "Why are you here? My city is in chaos because of you."  

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