MODERN BRAZIL Population of Brazil Population of Brazil: Population of Brazil:183,886,761 European Heritage: 50% European Heritage: 50% Mixed: 25% Mixed: 25% African Heritage: 10% African Heritage: 10% Indigenous: 10% Indigenous: 10% Most of the European heritage live in the South and Southeastern regions The largest number of African Brazilian is concentrated in the Northeast and in Rio de Janerio and Bahia The Indigenous population lives in the North and Centre West Region Economic Inequality is a characteristic of Brazilian society. There are huge differences between the rich and the poor. Only 5 percent of the population owns 80% of the land Approximately 20 million Brazilians earn less than $100 per month Many people have migrated to the Southern cities to search for work and a better living conditions. Most people come from Sertao (countryside) because the country experience long decades of floods and droughts. Economic Inequality People arrive to the city hoping to find better living conditions. When they arrive there is no work or houses. Many of these destitute people are forced to build their own shacks in the outskirts of the city and live in Shantytowns. Slums: ramshackle, illegal neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city. Living conditions and sanitation are poor. There is no running water. Favelas: name for slums in Brazil roads are often small and in bad condition. Residents are often affected by flooding. Favelas of Brazil Coded Expectations for the Unit Strand: Human-Environmental Interactions OE: HEV.02 - analyse geographic issues that arise from the impact of human activities on the environment in different regions of the world; SE: HE1.01 demonstrate an understanding of how human-induced changes in natural systems can diminish their capacity for supporting human activity *SE: HE2.02 analyse the impact of past and current trends in agriculture (e.g., Green Revolution, corporate farming, biotechnology, monoculture, organic farming) on natural and human systems; *SE: HE3.02 analyse examples of efforts to increase the productivity of a selected natural environment (e.g., Chinese model of land use, polders in the Netherlands, hydroponic farming, wetland reclamation, hillside terracing, fish farming) and their short- and long-term economic, social, and environmental impacts; A look at Favelas in Rio de Janerio A look at Favelas in Rio de Janerio Rio is one of the most famous cities in the world. It attracts many tourists and people from Brazil. Rio is one of the most famous cities in the world. It attracts many tourists and people from Brazil. Rio is a coastal city facing the south Atlantic ocean on the South-central Brazilian Coast. It is located at the western entrance to Guanabara Bay. Rio is a coastal city facing the south Atlantic ocean on the South-central Brazilian Coast. It is located at the western entrance to Guanabara Bay. Map of Brazil Rio de Janerio Rio has experienced many building problems. There is very little land for developers to build and expand. The population of Rio is approx. 6 million people. The population exploded because of the citys healthy economy, climate and beautiful surroundings. As main land was used up only undesirable land at high elevations were available to people who could not afford to live on the lowlands by the bay or beaches. People with little money built their homes on mountain slopes and less desirable areas Strand: Understanding and Managing Change Improvements in Favelas: The government of Brazil has spent $300 million on a project called "Favela Bairro", to improve the living conditions of the favelas.. The government of Brazil has spent $300 million on a project called "Favela Bairro", to improve the living conditions of the favelas.. Attempts have been made to give favelados ownership of the land which their homes are located Attempts have been made to give favelados ownership of the land which their homes are located Many favelados have improved the appearance of their properties. Homes are now built with bricks and cinder blocks compared to cardboard and metal scraps before. Many favelados have improved the appearance of their properties. Homes are now built with bricks and cinder blocks compared to cardboard and metal scraps before. City authorities are also installing sanitation pipes and providing hydro and fresh water. City authorities are also installing sanitation pipes and providing hydro and fresh water. Brazils Economy Brazils is the 10 th largest economy in the world major problems with poverty, hunger, disease, inadequate public services, unemployment and a huge foreign debt. Brazil has the highest income inequality in the world. Well developed agriculture, mining and manufacturing and service sectors. Agriculture products: coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef second to the US in food exports. Soybean, orange juice and coffee Brazil Natural Resources: bauxite, nickel, uranium, Iron ore, phosphates, tin, gold, platinum, wood, hydroelectricity worlds leading producer of iron ore and hydroelectricity Economic Indicators: GDP: $2.03 Trillion (Canadas GDP- $1.336 trillion) Exports: $79 billion: coffee, metal pres, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, transport equipment, Imports: $89 billion: finished products, chemicals, oil, coal, foodstuffs Tourism: $6.8 billion Labour force by occupation: agriculture: 20% industry: 14% services: 66% Favelas: A Nice Place to Visit Article Read the Article on page 159 in textbook Using the article answer questions in the textbook on Page 160. 31) Describe the curious trend in Rio 32) How did the favelas represent a threat to the tourism industry in the past? 33) Why are tourists flocking to witness the favela lifestyle? 34) What evidence in the article shows that favela tourism is becoming part of regular tourism in Rio? 35. a) What new community initiatives may benefit the local people? b) How do these efforts fit in with the goal of sustainable tourism?