Modern Art & Design Ⅱ

Edit/Leeinhee, PNU

Early 20th Century styles based on SHAPE and FORM:

Cubism

Futurism

Art Deco

to show the ‘concept’ of an object rather than creating a detail of the real thing

to show different views of an object at once, emphasizing time, space & the Machine age

to simplify objects to their most basic, primitive terms

Pablo Picasso1888-1973

Considered most influential artist of 20th Century

Blue Period

Rose Period

Analytical Cubism

Synthetic Cubism

Girl Wearing Large HatEarly Work, 1901.

Lola, the artist’s sisterEarly Work, 1901.

Blue Period(1901-1904)

Moves to Paris in his late teens

Coping with suicide of friend

Paintings were lonely, depressing

Major color was BLUE!

Pablo Picasso,Blue Nude, 1902.

BLUE PERIOD

Pablo Picasso,Self Portrait, 1901.

BLUE PERIOD

Pablo Picasso,Tragedy, 1903.

BLUE PERIOD

Pablo Picasso,Le Gourmet, 1901.

BLUE PERIOD

Rose Period(1904-1906)

Much happier art than before

Circus people as subjects

Reds and warmer colors

Pablo Picasso,Harlequin Family, 1905.

ROSE PERIOD

Pablo Picasso, La Familia de Saltimbanques, 1905.

Pablo Picasso,Girl With a Goat, 1906.

ROSE PERIOD

Much more abstract than before…

Pablo Picasso, Composition with Skull, 1908.

Georges Braque, Musical Instruments, 1908.

Georges Braque, Fruitdish, 1908-09.

Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians, 1921.

Pablo Picasso,Les Demoiselles D’Avignon, 1907.

“I paint forms as I think them, not as I see them”

Major Influences…

Paul Cezanne(Post-Impressionist)

Femme de Vert1909

Major Influences…

African Zimba Mask

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907.

Major Influences…

African Zimba Mask

Pablo Picasso,Portrait of Vollard, 1910.ANALYTICAL CUBISM

Analytical Cubism

Little contrast in color

Complex and systematic design

Faceted shapes, translucent divisions of space

Differing views of the same subject in the same work

Invented by Picasso and George Braque- at the same time, but not really in collaboration

Retains some sort of depth

Pablo Picasso,Aficionado, 1912.

ANALYTICAL CUBISM

Pablo Picasso,Glass and Bottleof Suze, 1912.

SYNTHETIC CUBISM

George Braque, Gillet, 1914.

Synthetic Cubism

Invented by Braque and Picasso

Puts forms back together after breaking them apart

“Collage” comes from French word for “glue”

Foreign materials are pasted onto the design- makes the collage look like a real surface

Scraps are changed and painted on, giving them a double meaning

New Space Concept - first since Masaccio

FuturismFirst announced on Feb. 20, 1909 Newspaper Le Figaro published a manifesto by the Italian poet and editor Tommaso Marinetti:

We will fight with all our might the fanatical, senseless and snobbish religion of the past, a religion encouraged by the vicious existence of museums. We rebel against that spineless worshiping of old canvases, old statues and old bric-a-brac, against everything which is filthy and worm-ridden and corroded by time. We consider the habitual contempt for everything which is young, new and burning with life to be unjust and even criminal.

To purposely intended to inspire public anger and amazement, to arouse controversy, and to attract widespread attention. Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of

Continuity in Space, 1913.

Boccioni, Dynamism of a Cyclist, 1913. FUTURISM

Boccioni, The City Rises, 1910. FUTURISM

Natalia Goncharova, The Cyclist. 1913. FUTURISM

Giacomo Balla, Abstract Speed + Sound, 1913-1914. FUTURISM

Art DecoArt Deco was a popular design movement from 1920 until 1939, affecting the decorative arts such as architecture, interior design, and industrial design.

This movement was a combination of many different styles and movements of the early 20th century, including Constructionism, Cubism, Modernism, Bauhaus, Art Nouveau, and Futurism.

Its popularity apexed during the 1920s. Although many design movements have political or philosophical roots or intentions, Art Deco was purely decorative. At the time, this style was seen as elegant, functional, and ultra modern.

William Van Alen, The Chrysler Building, 1930.

Jean Arp, Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17.

DADA

Started as a reaction to the horrors of WWI and Nihilism

Began independently in Zurich and NY

French for “hobbyhorse”, but the word itself had no meaning

Believed that reason and logic had been responsible for war

Only hope was anarchy, irrationality, and intuition

Pessimism and disgust of the artists helped them reject tradition-

Arp pioneered the use of chance in artwork- releassed him from the role of artist

For Dadaists, the idea of chance comes from the unconsciousness- influenced by Freud

“We had lost confidence in our culture. Everything had to be demolished… At the Cabaret Voltaire we began by shocking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order.”

Hannah Hoch, The Pretty Maiden, 1920. DADA

Jean Arp

Mountain, Table, Anchors, Navel. 1925.

DADA

Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1913.

Duchamp was the central figure in NY Dada scene

Exhibited his first “ready-made” sculptures - mass produced common products “selected” by the artist

Free from the opinions of the population- neither good or bad taste

Forces viewers to see the “artness” of objects

Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass)

1915-23.

DADA

"I am still a victim of chess. It has all the beauty of art -- and much more. It cannot be commercialized. Chess is much purer than art in its social position.“

Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp

Bicycle Wheel,

1913.

DADA

Marcel Duchamp

Nude Descending a Staircase,

1912.

In 1919, Duchamp drew a moustache and goatee, graffiti-style, on a postcard of the Mona Lisa and added the caption L.H.O.O.Q. – which, as any French schoolboy could tell you, sounds like elle a chaud au cul (“She’s hot in the ass”). It quickly became an icon of the international Dada movement.

Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q., 1919.

Surrealism

Artists found a means of expressing fantasy and intuition through Surrealism. Surrealist works often included dream-like images, unexpected juxtapositions, and non-sequiturs.

Top: The Difficult Crossing by Rene Magritte, 1926.

Bottom Left: The Red Tower by Giorgio de Chirico. 1913.Bottom Right: Salvador Dali. (Spanish, 1904-1989). The

Persistence of Memory. 1931.

Surrealism

Salvador Dali: Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of

Civil War), 1936

Salvador Dali: The Persistence of Memory (1931)

Salvador Dali: The Apparition of the Face and Fruit Dish on a Beach (1938)