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Modeling of Gasoline Direct
Injection Spark Ignition Engines
Chen Huang, Andrei Lipatnikov
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
Background
Volvo V40 XC
Hyundai 1.6 l GDI engine
Delphi-GDI-System
CFD simulation of GDI combustion
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
• Model developmento Chalmers combustion chemistry for gasoline surrogate[1], fist year
o Hollow-cone spray[2], second year
o Flame Speed Closure (FSC) model[3]
• Knowledge gapo Simulate DISI engine using OpenFOAM
o Very few correlation for flame propagation speed of gasoline
o Effects of stratification
[1] Huang, C., Golovitchev, V., Lipatnikov, A. SAE 2010-01-0543
[2] Huang, C., Lipatnikov, A. SAE 2011-01-1896
[3] Lipatnikov, A.N., Fundamentals of premixed turbulent combustion, CRC Press, 2012.
Background
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
Goals
• To develop a numerical platform based on the open
source code and models and for simulations of
stratified turbulent combustion in DISI engines.
• Implement FSC model of premixed turbulent combustion
• Extend the model to stratified flames and study effects of
each extension step-by-step
o Mean density
o Laminar flame speed
o Beta-PDF
o Evaporation source term in variance eq.
• Compare simulations with corresponding experimental
project within CERC
Approach
• Implement FSC model of premixed turbulent combustion
o Mixture composition, pressure on burning rate
o Transient behaviour, from flame kernel to turbulent flame
o Preferential diffusion, Lewis number effects
o Extensive quantitative validation
• Extend the model to stratified flames and study effects of
each extension step-by-step
o Mean density
o Laminar flame speed
o Beta-PDF
o Evaporation source term in variance eq.
• Compare simulations with corresponding experimental
project within CERC
Approach
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
stratified&
turbulence
FSC Model
Methods
�̃ eq.
�� eq. chemistry
��, �′′�� eqs. Pf chemistry
homogeneous
stratified
mean density
laminar flame speed,
flame temperature
betaPDF,
evaporation
source
• Implement FSC model of premixed turbulent combustion
• Extend the model to stratified flames and study effects of
each extension step-by-step
o Mean density
• BML
o Laminar flame speed
o Beta-PDF
o Evaporation source term in variance eq.
• Compare simulations with corresponding experimental
project within CERC
Approach
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
ResultsEffect of �̅
• Implement FSC model of premixed turbulent combustion
• Extend the model to stratified flames and study effects of
each extension step-by-step
o Mean density
o Laminar flame speed
o Beta-PDF
o Evaporation source term in variance eq.
• Compare simulations with corresponding experimental
project within CERC
Approach
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
Stratified
Methods
�� eq.
Chalmers* Gülder’s Constant
SL
Ut
*gasoline surrogate mechanism (120
species, 677 reaction), pressure 1-30
bar, temperature 300-800K,
equivalence ratio 0.2-2.0
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
ResultsEffect of SL
• Implement FSC model of premixed turbulent combustion
• Extend the model to stratified flames and study effects of
each extension step-by-step
o Mean density
o Laminar flame speed
o Beta-PDF
o Evaporation source term in variance eq.
• Compare simulations with corresponding experimental
project within CERC
Approach
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
Stratified + turbulence
Methods
�� = � �������
�
�� eq. �′′�� eq.
���
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
ResultsEffect of beta-PDF
• Implement FSC model of premixed turbulent combustion
• Extend the model to stratified flames and study effects of
each extension step-by-step
o Mean density
o Laminar flame speed
o Beta-PDF
o Evaporation source term in variance eq.
• Compare simulations with corresponding experimental
project within CERC
Approach
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
Results
Effect of evaporation source term (���������
field)
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
ResultsEffect of evaporation source term
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
Results
Effect of evaporation source term (���������
field)
-20 CAD aTDC
w/o evaporation source term w evaporation source term
• Implement FSC model of premixed turbulent combustion
• Extend the model to stratified flames and study effects of
each extension step-by-step
o Mean density
o Laminar flame speed
o Beta-PDF
o Evaporation source term in variance eq.
o Effect of all extensions on NO formation
o Parametric studies, e.g. injection timing, equivalence ratio…
• Compare simulations with corresponding experimental
project within CERC
Conclusions and Future Work
Chen Huang
Gothenburg Region OpenFOAM User Group Meeting, 131113
Thank you for your attention