model s owners manual

Overview........................................................................................ 2Interior Overview........................................................................ 2Exterior Overview.......................................................................3

Opening and Closing.................................................................4Doors............................................................................................... 4

Keyless Locking and Unlocking4Using the Key4Using Exterior Door Handles6Using Interior Door Handles6Interior Locking and Unlocking6Child-protection Lock7Drive-away Locking7Walk-away Locking7Unlocking When the Key Doesn't Work7Opening Interior Doors with No Power8

Windows........................................................................................ 9Opening and Closing9Locking Rear Windows9

Rear Trunk................................................................................... 10Opening10Closing10Adjusting the Opening Height10Interior Release11Opening with No Power11

Front Trunk.................................................................................. 12Opening12Closing12Interior Emergency Release13Opening with No Power13

Glove Box..................................................................................... 14Opening and Closing14

Sunroof.......................................................................................... 15Opening and Closing15

Cup Holders.................................................................................16Opening and Closing16

Seating and Safety Restraints.............................................. 17Front and Rear Seats............................................................... 17

Correct Driving Position17Adjusting the Driver’s Seat17Seat Heaters18Folding Rear Seats18Raising Rear Seats19Head Supports19Seat Covers19

Seat Belts.................................................................................... 20Wearing Seat Belts20Wearing Seat Belts When Pregnant20Seat Belt Pre-tensioners21Testing Seat Belts21Seat Belt Warnings21

Child Safety Seats.................................................................... 23Guidelines for Seating Children23Choosing a Child Safety Seat24Seating Larger Children25Installing Child Safety Seats25Installing Seat Belt Retained Child Seats25Installing LATCHChild Seats26Attaching Upper Tether Straps26Testing a Child Safety Seat27Warnings - Child Safety Seats27

Tesla Built-In Rear Facing Child Seats............................. 28Usage Restrictions28Opening28Folding28Seating a Child30Warnings - Tesla Child Seats30

Airbags......................................................................................... 32Location of Airbags32How the Airbags Work33Types of Airbags33Passenger Front Airbag34Inflation Effects35Airbag Warning Indicator35Airbag Warnings35

Driving.......................................................................................... 36Driver Profiles............................................................................ 36

Creating a Driver Profile36Restoring a Driver’s Profile36Saved Driver Settings36

Steering Wheel..........................................................................37Adjusting Position37Adjusting Sensitivity37Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons37Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons38Using Voice Commands38Heated Steering Wheel39Horn39

Mirrors.......................................................................................... 40Adjusting Exterior Side Mirrors40Rear View Mirror40

Starting and Powering Off.....................................................41Starting Model S41Powering Off41

Gears............................................................................................. 42Shifting Gears42Leaving Model S in Neutral - Tow Mode42

Instrument Panel...................................................................... 43Instrument Panel Overview43Indicator Lights44

Lights............................................................................................ 47Controlling Lights47Headlight High Beams49Headlights After Exit50Cornering Lights50Turn Signals50Hazard Warning Flashers50

Wipers and Washers................................................................ 51Wipers51Washers51

Brakes........................................................................................... 52Braking Systems52Brake Wear52Regenerative Braking53Parking Brake53

Traction Control........................................................................54How It Works54

Speed Assist...............................................................................55How Speed Assist Works55Controlling Speed Assist56Limitations and Inaccuracies56

Lane Departure Warning.......................................................57How Lane Departure Warning Works57Controlling Lane Departure Warning57Limitations and Inaccuracies57

Forward Collision Warning...................................................58How Forward Collision Warning Works58Visual and Audible Feedback58Controlling Forward Collision Warning58Limitations58

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control.............................................. 60Operating Traffic Aware Cruise Control60Instrument Panel Indicator Lights62Changing the Set Speed62Overtake Acceleration63Canceling and Resuming64Limitations64

Park Assist.................................................................................. 66How Park Assist Works66Visual and Audio Feedback66Controlling Audible Feedback67Limitations and False Warnings67Other Parking Aids67

Hill Start Assist.......................................................................... 68Trip Information........................................................................69

Displaying Trip Information69

Getting Maximum Range...................................................... 70Driving Tips to Maximize Range70Energy App70Saving Energy70

Rear View Camera.....................................................................71Camera Location71

Using the Touchscreen...........................................................72Touchscreen Overview...........................................................72

The Big Picture72

Controls........................................................................................74Controlling Model S Features74

Settings.........................................................................................77Customizing Model S77Erasing Personal Data 79

Climate Controls.......................................................................80Overview of Climate Controls80Customizing Climate Control81Ventilation82Climate Control Operating Tips82

Smart Air Suspension............................................................. 83Manual Height Adjustments83Location-Based Suspension83Automatic Lowering84Jack Mode84

Media and Audio.......................................................................85Overview85AM and FM Radio85XM Radio85Internet Radio85Media Settings86Favorites86My Music & Devices86USB Connections8712V Power Socket87

Phone............................................................................................ 88Bluetooth®Compatibility88Pairing a Bluetooth Phone88Importing Contacts88Unpairing a Bluetooth Phone88Connecting to a Paired Phone89Making a Phone Call89Receiving a Phone Call89In Call Options89

Maps and Navigation..............................................................90Overview90Using Maps90Starting Navigation90During Navigation91Favorite Destinations92Updated Maps92

Calendar.......................................................................................93Overview93Calendar and Navigation94

Security Settings...................................................................... 95About the Security System95

HomeLink® Universal Transceiver.......................................96

About HomeLink96Programming HomeLink96Troubleshooting HomeLink96

Connecting to Wi-Fi................................................................98Software Updates.................................................................... 99

Loading New Software99Viewing Release Notes99

Mobile App............................................................................... 100Model S Mobile App100

Charging......................................................................................101Electric Vehicle Components..............................................101

High Voltage Components101Charging Equipment102

Battery Information............................................................... 103About the Battery103Battery Care103

Charging Model S................................................................... 104Opening the Charge Port104Plugging In104During Charging105Stopping Charging105Charge Port Light105Changing Charge Settings106Charging Status107

Maintenance............................................................................. 108Maintenance Schedule..........................................................108

Service Intervals108Daily Checks108Monthly Checks108Fluid Replacement Intervals108High Voltage Safety108

Tire Care and Maintenance.................................................109Maintaining Tire Pressures109Inspecting and Maintaining Tires110Replacing Tires and Wheels111Tire Types111Driving in Low Temperatures112Using Tire Chains112Tire Pressure Monitoring112

Temporary Tire Repair...........................................................114Tire Repair Kit114Inflating with Sealant and Air115Inflating with Air Only116Replacing the Sealant Canister117

Cleaning....................................................................................... 118Cleaning the Exterior118Cleaning the Interior119Polishing, Touch Up, and Body Repair120Using a Car Cover120Floor Mats120

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets.......................................... 121Checking and Replacing Wiper Blades121Cleaning Washer Jets121

Fluid Reservoirs....................................................................... 123Removing the Maintenance Panel123Checking Battery Coolant123Checking Brake Fluid124Topping Up Washer Fluid125

Fuses............................................................................................126Fuse Box Locations126Replacing a Fuse126Fuse Box 1127Fuse Box 2129Fuse Box 3131

Jacking and Lifting................................................................. 132Jacking Procedure132

Parts and Accessories........................................................... 133Parts, Accessories, and Modifications133Body Repairs133

Specifications........................................................................... 134Identification Labels.............................................................. 134

Vehicle Identification Number134Emission Control Label134

Vehicle Loading....................................................................... 135Load Capacity Labeling135Calculating Load Limits136Towing a Trailer137Roof Racks137

Dimensions and Weights..................................................... 138Exterior Dimensions138Weights139

Subsystems...............................................................................140Motor140Transmission140Steering140Brakes141Suspension141Battery - 12V141Battery - High Voltage142

Wheels and Tires.....................................................................143Wheel Specifications143Wheel Alignment Values143Tire Specifications144Understanding Tire Markings145Uniform Tire Quality Grading147Wheels and Tires Glossary148

Roadside Assistance............................................................. 149Contacting Roadside Assistance......................................149Instructions for Transporters............................................. 150

Use a Flatbed Only150Disable Self-Leveling (air suspension vehicles only)150Activate Tow Mode150Connect the Tow Chain151Pull Onto the Trailer and Secure the Wheels152

Consumer Information.......................................................... 153About this Owner Information...........................................153

Illustrations153Errors or Inaccuracies153Location of Components153Document Applicability153Copyrights and Trademarks154

Disclaimers................................................................................ 155Vehicle Telematics/Data Recorders155Quality Control155California Proposition 65155

Reporting Concerns...............................................................156Contacting Tesla156Reporting Safety Defects - US156Reporting Safety Defects - Canada156

Declarations of Conformity.................................................157Key and Passive Unlocking System157Tire Pressure Monitoring System158Media Control Unit158HomeLink159Radio Frequency Information159

Contents

1. Interior doors (Using Interior DoorHandles on page 6)

2. Cruise control (Traffic-Aware CruiseControl on page 60)

3. High beams (Headlight High Beams onpage 49), Turn signals (Turn Signals onpage 50), Wipers and washers (Wipersand Washers on page 51).

4. Steering wheel buttons - left (Using LeftSteering Wheel Buttons on page 37)

5. Instrument panel (Instrument PanelOverview on page 43)

6. Steering wheel buttons - right (UsingRight Steering Wheel Buttons on page38)

7. Gear selector (Shifting Gears on page42)

8. Touchscreen (Touchscreen Overview onpage 72)

9. Glove box button (Glove Box on page14)

10. Power window switches (Opening andClosing on page 9)

11. Exterior mirror adjustment switches(Mirrors on page 40)

12. Seats (Front and Rear Seats on page17)

13. Steering column adjuster (hidden fromview in the above image) (Steering Wheelon page 37)

14. Horn (Horn on page 39)15. Brakes (Brakes on page 52)16. Hazard warning lights (Hazard Warning

Flashers on page 50)17. Cabin climate control (Climate Controls

on page 80)18. Cup holders (Cup Holders on page 16)

Note: On RHD (Right Hand Drive) vehicles, thecontrols illustrated above are arrangedsimilarly, but are mirrored on the right side ofthe vehicle.

Interior Overview

2 Model S Owner's Manual

1. Exterior lights (Lights on page 47)2. Door handles (Using Exterior Door

Handles on page 6)3. Sunroof (Sunroof on page 15)4. Charge port (Charging Model S on page

104)5. Exterior mirrors (Mirrors on page 40)6. Front trunk (Front Trunk on page 12)7. Wheels and tires (Wheels and Tires on

page 143)8. Rear view camera (Rear View Camera on

page 71)9. Rear trunk/liftgate (Rear Trunk on page

10)10. Parking sensors (Park Assist on page

66)

Exterior Overview

Overview 3

Keyless Locking and UnlockingModel S has sensors that can recognize thepresence of a key. The sensors have a rangeof approximately three feet (one meter).

If Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, walking up to Model S when youhave your key with you automatically unlocksthe doors. Similarly, open the trunk by justwalking up to Model S with your key, thenpressing the switch located under the trunk’sexterior handle.

Press a door handle, and it extends. Or, if theAUTO-PRESENT HANDLES setting is turnedon (see Using Exterior Door Handles on page6), door handles extend automatically.

If you turn on the walk-away locking settingusing the touchscreen, Model S locks whenyou walk away carrying your key with you(see Walk-away Locking on page 7).

Warning: To avoid any possibility ofinterference between a pacemaker andthe keyless system's antennas, peoplewith implanted pacemakers shouldensure their pacemaker is kept at leastnine inches (22 cm) away from anykeyless drive antenna mounted inModel S. Antenna locations are shownbelow:

1. Center of the rear bumper.2. Under the rear seats.3. Center console.4. Leftmost side of the dashboard.5. Rightmost side of the dashboard.6. Right Hand Drive vehicles only - at the

base of the left (passenger side)windshield wiper.

7. Left Hand Drive vehicles only - at the baseof the right (passenger side) windshieldwiper.

8. Center of the front trunk.

Using the KeyTo quickly familiarize yourself with the key,think of the key as a miniature version ofModel S, with the Tesla badge representingthe front. The key has three buttons that feellike softer areas on the surface.

1. Trunk

• Double-click to open the rear trunk.• If Model S is equipped with a powered

liftgate, double-click to close the reartrunk. You can also single-click tostop the liftgate when it is moving.

• Hold the button down for 1-2 secondsto open the charge port door.

2. Lock/Unlock All

• Double-click to unlock doors and therear trunk. Hazard warning lights flashtwice and door handles extend.

• Single-click to lock doors and trunks(all doors and trunks must be closed).Hazard warning lights flash once anddoor handles retract.

3. Front trunk (also called the "frunk")

• Double-click to open the front trunk.

You do not need to point the key at Model S,but you must be within operating range(which varies depending on the strength ofthe key’s battery). If Model S is unable todetect the key, the touchscreen displays amessage indicating that a key is not inside.Place the key where Model S can best detectit, which is below the 12V power socket (see Key Not Inside on page 41).

Doors


Radio equipment on a similar frequency canaffect the key. If this happens, move the keyat least one foot (30 cm) away from otherelectronic devices (phone, laptop, etc). If thekey does not work, you may need to changeits battery. If the key’s battery is discharged,you can open Model S by following theunlocking procedure. See Unlocking When theKey Doesn't Work on page 7.

Caution: Remember to bring the key withyou when you drive. Although you candrive Model S away from its key, you willbe unable to power it back on after itpowers off.

Caution: Protect the key from impact,high temperatures, and damage fromliquids. Avoid contact with solvents,waxes and abrasive cleaners.

Replacing the Key Battery

The key’s battery lasts for approximately ayear. When the battery is low, a messagedisplays on the instrument panel. Follow thesesteps to replace it:

1. Place the key, button side down, on a softsurface.

2. Release the battery using a small flatbladed tool.

3. Remove the battery by pushing it towardthe center of the key to release it from thefront retaining clips.

4. Insert the new battery (type CR2032) withthe ‘+’ side facing up. Avoid touching theflat surfaces of the battery, and wipe thebattery clean before fitting. Finger markscan reduce battery life.

5. Align the battery, then press the key andbattery together until they snap intoplace.

Getting More Keys

If you lose a key or require an additional one,contact Tesla. Model S can recognize up tothree keys.

When ordering a new key for Model S, take allavailable keys with you for reprogramming.

Doors

Opening and Closing 5

Using Exterior Door HandlesA light press on a door handle extends it,provided Model S detects a valid key nearby.

If Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, you can set the door handles toextend automatically whenever you approachthe driver’s side carrying the key. On thetouchscreen, touch Controls > Settings >Vehicle > Auto-Present Handles > On.

Insert your hand into the handle and pull toopen the door.

Door handles retract if you do not use themwithin one minute after they extend. Justpress a handle to extend it again. Doorhandles also retract a minute after the lastdoor closes, when Model S begins moving,and when you lock Model S.

Note: To preserve battery life, Model S isdesigned to temporarily disable the Auto-Present Handles feature when:

• The key has been out of range for morethan 48 hours.

• The key remains within range for fiveminutes after all doors have been closed.

In these cases, extend the handles bytouching the driver’s door handle or pressingthe unlock button on the key. There is no needto reset the setting. The next time youapproach Model S, provided the aboveconditions do not apply, handles automaticallyextend.

Whenever a door is open, the DoorOpen indicator displays on theinstrument panel. The image of theModel S on the touchscreen Controlswindow also shows which door ortrunk is open.

Using Interior Door HandlesPull the interior door handle toward you toopen the door.

Note: To prevent children from opening reardoors using the interior handles, use thetouchscreen, Controls > Settings > Vehicle >Child Protection Lock, to turn on the child-protection locks (see Child-protection Lock onpage 7).

Interior Locking and UnlockingFrom inside Model S, you can use thetouchscreen to lock or unlock doors andtrunks, provided a valid key is inside thevehicle. Touch Controls > Lock/Unlock. Thecurrent lock status displays on the bottom leftof the instrument panel.

Note: If a door or trunk is still open when youlock Model S, it locks when you close it.

Doors


Child-protection LockModel S has child-protection locks on the reardoors and liftgate to prevent them from beingopened using interior handles. Use thetouchscreen to turn child protection locks onor off. Touch Controls > Settings > Vehicle >Child Protection Lock.

Note: It is recommended that you turn child-protection locks on whenever children areseated in the rear seats.

Drive-away LockingModel S can automatically lock all doors(including the trunks) whenever your drivingspeed exceeds 5 mph (8 km/h). To turn thisfeature on or off, touch Controls > Settings >Vehicle > Drive-Away Door Lock.

Walk-away LockingIf Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, Model S doors and trunks canautomatically lock whenever you walk awaycarrying the key.

To turn this feature on or off, touch Controls >Settings > Vehicle > Walk-Away Door Lock.

Note: If all doors are closed and you double-click the key to unlock Model S, walk-awaylocking is temporarily suspended until Model Spowers on (such as when you press the Brakepedal to put the car in a driving gear), or untilyou use the key to lock Model S. This allowsyou to keep Model S unlocked in your garage.

Unlocking When the Key Doesn'tWorkIf Model S does not unlock when you walk upto it, or when you press the unlock button onyour key, the key’s battery may be dead. Ifthis is the case, you can still unlock and driveModel S.

To unlock Model S (and disable the securityalarm), first position the key near the base ofthe passenger side windshield wiper, asshown. Then press the passenger door handle.It is important to position the key in thecorrect position. If Model S doesn't unlock, tryadjusting the position of the key.

To drive Model S, place the key against thecenter console, immediately below the 12Vpower outlet, then press and hold the brakepedal to turn Model S on.

Note: Unlocking Model S using this methoddisables walk-away locking. You mustmanually re-enable walk-away locking afterreplacing the key’s battery.

For instructions on how to replace the key’sbattery, see Replacing the Key Battery onpage 5.

Doors


Opening Interior Doors with NoPowerIf Model S has no electrical power, front doorsopen as usual using the interior door handles.To open the rear doors, fold back the edge ofthe carpet below the rear seats to expose themechanical release cable. Pull the mechanicalrelease cable toward the center.

Doors


Opening and ClosingPress down on a switch to lower theassociated window all the way down. Windowswitches operate at two levels. To lower awindow partially, hold the switch and releasewhen the window is at the desired position.

Similarly, pull a switch to raise the associatedwindow. This also operates at two levels—when raising, hold the switch and releasewhen the window is at the desired position.

Warning: Before closing a power window,it is the driver’s responsibility to ensurethat all occupants, especially children, donot have any body parts extendedthrough the window’s opening. Failure todo so can cause serious injury.

Warning: When leaving Model S, alwaystake your key with you. Leaving the keyin Model S allows all doors, windows, andcontrols to be fully operational and cancause hazardous, unauthorized orunintentional use of Model S.

Locking Rear WindowsTo prevent passengers from using the rearwindow switches, press the rear window lockswitch. The switch light turns on. To unlockrear windows, press the switch again.

Warning: To ensure safety, it isrecommended that you lock the rearwindows whenever children are seated inthe rear seats.

Warning: Never leave childrenunattended in Model S.

Windows


OpeningTo open the rear trunk, do one of thefollowing:

• Touch Controls > Trunk on thetouchscreen.

• Double-click the Trunk button on the key.• Press the switch located under the

exterior handle (if not equipped with theoptional tech package, you must firstunlock Model S).

When the liftgate is open, theinstrument panel displays the DoorOpen indicator light. The image ofthe Model S on the touchscreenControls window also displays theopen trunk.

To stop a powered liftgate while it is moving,single-click the Trunk button on the key. Then,when you double-click the Trunk button, itmoves again, but in the opposite direction(provided it was not almost entirely open orclosed when you stopped it). For example, ifyou single-click to stop the liftgate while it isopening, when you double-click, it closes.

To open the trunk in the unlikely situation inwhich Model S has no electrical power, see Opening with No Power on page 11.

ClosingTo close the trunk, pull down on the liftgateand push firmly, ensuring it is fully closed.

If Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, you can close the powered liftgateby:

• Double-clicking the trunk button on thekey.

• Touching Controls > Trunk on thetouchscreen.

• Pressing the switch located on theunderside of the liftgate (see Adjustingthe Opening Height on page 10).

If a powered liftgate senses an obstructionwhen closing, it automatically opens andsounds two chimes. Remove the obstructionand try closing it again. If it cannot close thesecond time, powered operation istemporarily disabled. Manually closing itrestores powered operation.

Note: The power closing feature is alsotemporarily disabled if you leave the poweredliftgate open for more than an hour.

Adjusting the Opening HeightIf Model S is equipped with a powered liftgate,you can adjust its opening height to make iteasier to reach:

1. Open the liftgate, then lower it to thedesired opening height.

2. Press and hold the button on theunderside of the liftgate for two secondsuntil you hear a confirmation beep.

3. Confirm that you have set it to the desiredheight by closing the liftgate, thenreopening it.

Rear Trunk


Interior ReleaseTo open the trunk from inside Model S, pressthe interior release switch located inside therear trunk and push the liftgate up.

If Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, you do not need to push it up. Whenyou press the release switch, it opens, andwhen you pull the switch, it closes.

Note: The interior release switch is disabled ifchild-protection locks are turned on (see Child-protection Lock on page 7), or ifModel S is moving.

Opening with No PowerIf Model S has no electrical power, you canopen the rear trunk from inside. Use themechanical release cable located on theunderside of the liftgate, next to the interiorlight.

1. Remove the cover by pulling its loweredge very firmly toward you.

2. Pull the cable to release the latch.3. Push the liftgate open.

Rear Trunk


OpeningTo open the front trunk:

• Touch Controls > Front Trunk on thetouchscreen, or double-click the fronttrunk button on the key.

• Pull the hood up.

The door open indicator displays onthe instrument panel when the fronttrunk is open. The image of theModel S on the touchscreen Controlswindow also displays the open trunk.

To open the front trunk in the unlikelysituation in which Model S has no electricalpower, see Opening with No Power on page13.

ClosingThe Model S body is made of lightweightaluminum. Therefore, the hood is not heavyenough to latch under its own weight andapplying pressure on the front edge or centerof the hood can cause damage. To close thehood:

• Lower the hood fully until it touches thelatch.

• Place both hands on the front of the hoodin the areas shown, then press downfirmly to engage the latches.

• Lift the front edge of the hood to ensure itis fully closed.

Caution: To prevent damage:

• Apply pressure only to the greenareas illustrated above. Applyingpressure to the red areas can causedamage.

• Do not close the hood with one hand.Doing so applies concentrated forcein one area and can result in a dent orcrease.

• Do not apply pressure to the leadingedge of the hood because this cancrease the edge.

• Do not slam or drop the hood.

Warning: Do not drive with the hoodsecured by the secondary catch alone.

Front Trunk


Interior Emergency ReleaseAn interior release button inside the fronttrunk allows a person locked inside to get out.This release button is active wheneverModel S is stationary.

Press the interior release button to open thefront trunk, then push up on the hood.

Note: The button glows for several hours aftera brief exposure to ambient light.

Opening with No PowerIf Model S has no electrical power, or if youare unable to open the front trunk using thetouchscreen or key, pull the mechanicalrelease lever located below the glove box (notavailable on newer models). This releases theprimary catch.

Then push down on the secondary catch leverand lift the hood. You may need to push thehood down slightly to release the pressureagainst the secondary catch.

Front Trunk


Opening and ClosingTo open the glove box, press the switchlocated on the side of the touchscreen. If youleave the glove box open for five minutes, itslight automatically turns off.

Note: The glove box locks whenever Model Sis locked externally, using the key or walk-away locking. It does not lock when Model S islocked using the touchscreen.

Warning: When driving, keep the glovebox closed to prevent injury to apassenger if a collision or sudden stopoccurs.

Glove Box


Opening and ClosingIf your Model S is equipped with a sunroof,touch Controls > Sunroof on the touchscreento operate it. Drag, or tap on, the sunroofslider bar, or touch the image of the sunroofand drag it. The sunroof moves to theselected position.

Touch OPEN once to open the sunroof to itscomfort position (75% open to minimize windnoise). Or, move the sunroof to the comfortposition by dragging the slider bar to theindent position. If you find wind noise (whichvaries depending on driving speed) excessive,even with the sunroof in the comfort position,open a window slightly.

Touch OPEN twice to open the sunroof fully.

Touch CLOSE to fully close the sunroof.

If the sunroof’s safety mechanism detects anyobstruction, it does not close. If, afterremoving the obstruction, it still does notclose, touch and hold CLOSE to override thesunroof’s anti-trap mechanism.

Touch VENT to open the sunroof slightly.

To stop the sunroof from moving at any time,touch the image of the sunroof.

Warning: Do not allow occupants toextend any part of their body through thesunroof. Doing so can cause serious injuryfrom flying debris, tree branches, or otherobstructions.

Warning: Before closing the sunroof,ensure that occupants, especiallychildren, do not have any body partextended through the sunroof opening.Failure to do so can cause serious injury.

Caution: Remove snow and ice beforeopening the sunroof. Opening a sunroofcovered in snow and ice can causedamage.

Caution: Do not carry an object thatprotrudes through the sunroof. Doing socan damage the sunroof’s seals and anti-trap mechanism.

Sunroof


Opening and ClosingTo expose a cup holder, slide back thearmrest.

Cup Holders


Correct Driving PositionThe seat, head support, seat belt and airbagswork together to maximize your safety. Usingthese correctly ensures greater protection.

Position the seat so you can wear the seat beltcorrectly, while being as far away from thefront airbag as possible:

1. Sit upright with both feet on the floor andthe seat back reclined no more than 30degrees.

2. Make sure you can easily reach the pedalsand that your arms are slightly bent whenholding the steering wheel. Your chestshould be at least 10 inches (25 cm) fromthe center of the airbag cover.

3. Place the shoulder section of the seat beltmid-way between your neck and yourshoulder. Fit the lap section of the belttightly across your hips, not across yourstomach.

Model S seats include integrated headsupports that cannot be adjusted or removed.

Adjusting the Driver’s Seat

1. Adjust lumbar support.2. Adjust backrest.3. Move seat forward/backward.4. Adjust the seat’s height and tilt angle.

Warning: Do not adjust seats whiledriving. Doing so increases the risk of acollision.

Warning: Riding in a moving vehicle withthe seat back reclined can result inserious injuries in a collision, as you couldslide under the lap belt or be propelledinto the seat belt. Ensure your seat backis reclined no more than 30 degrees whenthe vehicle is moving.

Front and Rear Seats

Seating and Safety Restraints 17

Seat HeatersThe front seats are equipped with heatingpads that operate at three levels from 3(highest) to 1 (lowest). To operate the seatheaters, see Climate Controls on page 80.

If Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, you can also control seatheaters in the rear seats, as well as heatedwipers by touching Controls > Cold Weather(see Controls on page 74). When equippedwith executive seats, you can control the seatand the backrest separately in each secondrow passenger seat.

Folding Rear SeatsModel S has a split rear seat that can foldforward.

Before folding, remove items from the seatsand the rear foot well. To allow the rear seatbacks to fold completely flat, you may need tomove the front seats forward.

To fold a rear seat, press the correspondinglever and fold the seat forward.



Raising Rear SeatsBefore raising a rear seat, make sure that theseat belts are not trapped behind thebackrest.

Pull the seat back upward until it locks intoplace.

To confirm that the seat back is locked in theupright position, try pulling it forward.

Warning: Always ensure the seat backsare locked in their upright position.Failure to do so increases the risk ofinjury.

Head SupportsSeats include integrated head supports thatcannot be adjusted or removed.

Seat CoversDo not use seat covers on Model S. Doing socould restrict deployment of the side air bagsif an accident occurs. It can also reduce theaccuracy of the occupant detection system.



Wearing Seat BeltsUsing seat belts and child safety seats is themost effective way to protect occupants if acollision occurs. Therefore, wearing a seat beltis required by law in most jurisdictions.

Both the driver and passenger seats areequipped with three-point inertia reel seatbelts. Inertia reel belts are automaticallytensioned to allow occupants to movecomfortably during normal driving conditions.To securely hold child safety seats, allpassenger seating positions are equipped withan automatic locking retractor (ALR) that, bypulling the seat belt beyond the lengthneeded for a typical adult occupant, locks thebelt into place until the seat belt is unbuckled(see Installing Seat Belt Retained Child Seatson page 25).

The seat belt reel automatically locks toprevent movement of occupants if Model Sexperiences a force associated with hardacceleration, braking, cornering, or an impactin a collision.

The seat belt reminder on theinstrument panel alerts you if a seatbelt for an occupied seat is notfastened. If the belt remainsunfastened, the reminder flashes andan intermittent chime sounds. If alloccupants are buckled up and thereminder stays on, re-fasten seatbelts to ensure they are correctlylatched. Also remove any heavyobjects (such as a briefcase) from anunoccupied seat. If the reminderlight continues to stay on, contactTesla.

To Fasten a Belt

1. Ensure correct positioning of the seat.

2. Draw the belt out smoothly, ensuring thebelt lays flat across the pelvis, chest andmid-point of your collar bone, betweenthe neck and shoulder.

3. Insert the latch plate into the buckle andpress together until you hear a clickindicating it is locked in place.

4. Pull the belt to check that it is securelyfastened.

5. Pull the diagonal part of the belt towardthe reel to remove excess slack.

To Release a Belt

Hold the belt near the buckle to prevent thebelt from retracting too quickly, then pressthe button on the buckle. The belt retractsautomatically. Ensure there is no obstructionthat prevents the belt from fully retracting.The belt should not hang loose. If a seat beltdoes not fully retract, contact Tesla.

Wearing Seat Belts When PregnantDo not put the lap or shoulder sections of theseat belt over the abdominal area. Wear thelap section of the belt as low as possibleacross the hips, not the waist. Position theshoulder portion of the belt between thebreasts and to the side of the abdomen.Consult your doctor for specific guidance.

Warning: Never place anything betweenyou and the seat belt to cushion theimpact in the event of an accident.

Seat Belts


Seat Belt Pre-tensionersThe front seat belts are equipped withpre‑tensioners that work in conjunction withthe airbags in a severe frontal collision. Thepre‑tensioners automatically retract both theseat belt anchor and the seat belt webbing,reducing slack in both the lap and diagonalportions of the belts, resulting in reducedforward movement of the occupant.

If the pre-tensioners and airbags did notactivate in an impact, this does not mean theymalfunctioned. It usually means that thestrength or type of force needed to activatethem was not present.

Warning: Once the seat belt pre-tensioners have been activated, theymust be replaced. After any accident,have the airbags, seat belt pre-tensionersand any associated components checkedand, if necessary, replaced.

Testing Seat BeltsTo confirm that seat belts are operatingcorrectly, perform these three simple checkson each seat belt.

1. With the seat belt fastened, give thewebbing nearest the buckle a quick pull.The buckle should remain securely locked.

2. With the belt unfastened, unreel thewebbing to its limit. Check that unreelingis free from snags, and visually check thewebbing for wear. Allow the webbing toretract, checking that retraction is smoothand complete.

3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold thetongue plate and pull forward quickly. Themechanism should lock automatically andprevent further unreeling.

If a seat belt fails any of these tests, contactTesla immediately.

Seat Belt WarningsWarning: Seat belts should be worn by alloccupants at all times, even if driving fora very short distance. Failure to do soincreases the risk of injury or death if anaccident occurs.

Warning: Secure small children in asuitable child safety seat. Always followthe child safety seat manufacturer'sinstructions when installing.

Warning: Ensure that all seat belts areworn correctly. An improperly worn seatbelt increases the risk of injury or death ifan accident occurs.

Warning: Do not wear seat belts overhard, fragile or sharp items in clothing,such as pens, keys, eyeglasses, etc. Thepressure from the seat belt on such itemscan cause injury.

Warning: Seat belts should not be wornwith any part of the strap twisted.

Warning: Each seat belt assembly mustbe used by one occupant only. It isdangerous to put a seat belt around achild being carried on an occupant’s lap.

Warning: Seat belts that have been wornin an accident must be inspected orreplaced by Tesla, even if damage to theassembly is not obvious.

Warning: Seat belts that show signs ofwear (such as fraying), or have been cutor damaged in any way, must be replacedby Tesla.

Seat Belts


Warning: Avoid contaminating a seatbelt’s components with any chemicals,liquids, grit, dirt or cleaning products. If aseat belt fails to retract or latch into thebuckle, it must be replaced immediately.Contact Tesla.

Warning: Do not make modifications oradditions that can prevent a seat beltmechanism from taking up slack, or thatcan prevent a seat belt from beingadjusted to remove slack. A slack beltgreatly reduces occupant protection.

Warning: Do not make modifications thatcan interfere with the operation of a seatbelt, or that can cause a seat belt tobecome inoperable.

Warning: When seat belts are not in use,they should be fully retracted and nothanging loose. If a seat belt does not fullyretract, contact Tesla.

Seat Belts


Guidelines for Seating ChildrenYour Model S seat belts in the front and second row seats are designed for adults and largerchildren. You must restrain infants and small children in the second row seats only, and you mustuse a suitable child safety seat appropriate for the child’s age, weight, and size. Never use childsafety seats in the front row passenger seat. Carefully follow the instructions provided by themanufacturer of the child safety seat.

If your Model S is equipped with the optional Tesla built-in rear facing child seats, these seats arechild safety seats and are designed only for children within a specific height and weight range(see Tesla Built-In Rear Facing Child Seats on page 28).

Child Safety Seats


Choosing a Child Safety SeatAll children age 12 and under should ride in the rear (second row) seats. Always use a child safetyseat suitable for a young child’s age and weight.

Infants Toddlers Youngchildren

Age Birth to 1 year* Over 1 year* 4 years andolder, andless than 57in. (145 cm)tall

Weight Up to at least 20 lbs (9 kg)* Over 20 lbs (9 kg) (minimum)and up to 40 lbs (18 kg)*

Over 40 lbs(18 kg)

Type of childsafety seat

Rear facing (or convertible) Forward facing (orconvertible)*

Seat beltretainedboosterseat

Seat position Rear facing only* Forward facing* Forwardfacing

Recommendedattachmentmethod

If combined weight of childand safety seat is up to 65 lbs(29 kg), attach using eitherLATCH** (lower anchor only)or the seat belt only.*** Ifcombined weight of child andsafety seat is over 65 lbs(29 kg), attach using the seatbelt only.***

If combined weight of childand safety seat is up to 65 lbs(29 kg), attach using eitherLATCH** (both lower anchorsand top tether anchor), or theseat belt and upper tetherstrap.*** If combined weight ofchild and safety seat is over65 lbs (29 kg), attach using theseat belt and upper tetherstrap.***

Attachboosterseats usingthe seatbelt only.

* Many child safety seats currently available allow children to ride rear-facing using the childsafety seat’s integrated 5-point harness for a longer period of time BASED UPON SPECIFICHEIGHT AND WEIGHT LIMITS. Keep your child in a rear facing seat for as long as possible.CHECK THE CHILD SAFETY SEAT MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS AND CAREFULLYFOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS

** LATCH - Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children. In Canada, this is also called LowerUniversal Anchorage System (LUAS), or CANFIX.

*** Subject to instructions provided by the child safety seat manufacturer.

Warning: Laws that govern how and where children should be carried when traveling in avehicle are subject to change. It is the driver’s responsibility to keep up to date on, andcomply with, all current regulations in the region(s) where Model S is driven.To check thechild passenger safety laws for your state, go to: http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/childsafety_laws.html.

Child Safety Seats


Seating Larger ChildrenIf a child is too large to fit into a child safetyseat, but too small to safely fit into thestandard seat belts, use a booster seatappropriate for the child’s age and size.Carefully follow the manufacturer’sinstructions to secure the booster seat usingthe seat belts. Do not use the LATCH systemto secure booster seats, even in situationswhere the booster seat is equipped with theLATCH system.

Installing Child Safety SeatsThere are two general methods used to installchild safety seats:

• Seat belt retained - these seats aresecured using the vehicle’s seat belts (see Installing Seat Belt Retained Child Seatson page 25).

• LATCH retained - these seats can attachto anchor bars built into the vehicle’s rearseats (see Installing LATCH Child Seats onpage 26).

Check the child safety seat manufacturer’sinstructions and the table on Child SafetySeats on page 23 to determine whichinstallation method to use. Some child safetyseats can be installed using either method.Always follow the child safety seatmanufacturer’s instructions.

Installing Seat Belt Retained ChildSeatsFirst, make sure that the child falls into thecorrect weight range for the seat.

Avoid dressing the child in bulky clothing anddo not place any objects between the childand the restraint system.

Adjust harnesses for every child, every trip.

To securely hold child safety seats, allpassenger seating positions are equipped withan automatic locking retractor (ALR) that, bypulling the seat belt beyond the lengthneeded for a typical adult occupant, locks thebelt into place until the seat belt is unbuckledand the webbing is fully retracted. The ALRmechanism operates as a ratchet, winding inslack and preventing the seat belt fromextending any further until it has beencompletely rewound. When installing a childsafety seat, engage the belt's automaticlocking retractor by pulling the seat beltwebbing until it is fully extended. The ALRsystem engages only when the seat belt is atits maximum extension point.

Note: An automatic locking retractordisengages only when the seat belt isunbuckled and fully retracted. The belt canthen be worn as a normal belt, sliding freely inand out and locking tight only in anemergency. Once disengaged, the belt mustbe fully extended to re-engage the lockingmechanism whenever you install a child safetyseat.

Always follow the detailed instructionsprovided by the child safety seatmanufacturer. General guidelines are providedbelow.

1. Place the child safety seat in Model S, andfully extend the seat belt. Route andbuckle the seat belt in accordance withthe child safety seat manufacturer’sinstructions.

2. Allow the seat belt to retract, and removeall slack in the seat belt while firmlypushing the child safety seat into theModel S seat.

3. If the seat belt retained child safety seathas an upper tether, attach it to the backof the seat (see Attaching Upper TetherStraps on page 26).

Child Safety Seats


Installing LATCH Child SeatsLower LATCH anchor positions are providedin the second-row outboard seating positionsand are located between the seat's back restand rear cushion. The exact location of eachanchor is identified by a child safety seatidentification button, illustrated below. Thebutton is located on the seat back, directlyabove its associated anchor.

Install LATCH seats in the outboard seatingpositions only. Use only a seat belt retainedseat in the center position.

To install a LATCH retained child safety seat,slide the safety seat latches onto the anchorbars until they click into place. Carefully readand follow the instructions provided by thechild safety seat manufacturer.

Once installed, test the security of theinstallation before seating a child. Attempt totwist the child safety seat from side to sideand try to pull it away from the seat, thencheck that the anchors are still securely inplace.

Attaching Upper Tether StrapsIf an upper tether strap is provided, attach itshook to the anchor point located on the backof the rear seats. Always position single-straptethers so that it runs over the center of theModel S head support. Tighten dual-straptethers to run on each side of the headsupport. Tighten according to the child safetyseat manufacturer’s instructions.

Note: To prevent single-strap tethers frommoving from side to side, the top of the headsupport deforms.

Child Safety Seats


Testing a Child Safety SeatBefore seating a child, always make sure thechild safety seat is not loose:

1. Hold the child safety seat by the belt pathand try to slide the safety seat from sideto side and front to back.

2. If the seat moves more than one inch(2.5 cm), it is too loose. Tighten the beltor reconnect the LATCH retained childsafety seat.

3. If you are unable to reduce slack, try adifferent seat location or try another childsafety seat.

Warnings - Child Safety SeatsWarning: Extreme hazard! Do not seat achild on the front passenger seat even ifyou are using a child safety seat. This seathas an airbag in front of it. Although thisairbag is disabled when Model S detects alightweight passenger, do not rely ontechnology to protect your child.

Warning: Do not use a forward facingchild safety seat until your child weighsover 20 lbs (9 kg) and can sitindependently. Up to the age of two, achild's spine and neck are not sufficientlydeveloped to avoid injury in a frontalimpact.

Warning: Do not allow a baby or infant tobe held on a lap. All children should berestrained in an appropriate child safetyseat at all times.

Warning: To ensure children are safelyseated, follow all instructions provided inthis document and by the manufacturerof the child safety seat.

Warning: Children should ride in a rearfacing child safety seat using the seat’sintegrated 5-point harness for as long aspossible.

Warning: Do not use seat belt extenderswhen installing a child safety seat orbooster seat.

Warning: When seating larger children,make sure the child's head is supportedand the child’s seat belt is properlyadjusted and fastened. The shoulderportion of the belt must be away from theface and neck, and the lap portion mustnot be over the stomach.

Warning: Never attach two child safetyseats to one anchor point. In a collision,

one anchor point may be incapable ofsecuring both seats.

Warning: Child restraint anchorages aredesigned to withstand only those loadsimposed by correctly fitted childrestraints. Under no circumstances arethey to be used for adult seatbelts,harnesses, or for attaching other items orequipment to the vehicle.

Warning: Always check harnesses andtether straps for damage and wear.

Warning: Do not use seat belt extenderson a seat belt that is being used to installa child safety seat or booster seat.

Warning: Never leave a child unattended,even if the child is secured in a childsafety seat.

Warning: Never use a child safety seatthat has been involved in an accident.Have the seat inspected or replaced as adescribed in the child safety seatmanufacturer’s instructions.

Child Safety Seats


Usage RestrictionsThe optional Tesla built-in rear facing childseats are child restraint systems and mustonly be used for children over 37" (94 cm) talland weighing between 35 and 77 lbs (16.2 to35.2 kg).

Always ensure the top of the child’s headcannot contact the vehicle and that the childis seated comfortably with the seat beltspositioned and latched correctly. The child’spelvis must be held securely in place by thelap belt. Follow all instructions provided anddo not use supplemental child safety seats inthese seats.

Note: Whenever a child is seated in the Teslabuilt-in rear facing child seats, it isrecommended that you set the climate controlsystem to draw outside air into Model Sinstead of recirculating the air. This drawsmore air into the rear seating areas.

Opening1. Remove the cover from the trunk floor

and pull the strap to lift the seat assemblyupward.

2. Push the seat assembly into position.

3. Undo the Velcro strap.

4. Pull the handle to release the headsupports from the seat back, then pull thehead supports toward you to unfold them.

5. Raise the seat back to the upright positionand push until it locks into position.Visually check to ensure that the retainingcatches are engaged.

6. Check that the seat back and seat baseare securely retained in the uprightposition by trying to pull the seat backtoward you.

FoldingCaution: Before folding the seats, fastenthe seat belts to prevent them fromgetting trapped in the seat mechanismand being damaged.

1. Pull the handle to release the seat backand pull the seat back fully forward.

Tesla Built-In Rear Facing Child Seats


2. Push the lever to release the headsupports from the seat back, then foldback onto the seat.

3. Secure the Velcro strap.

4. Pull the strap at the rear of the seat tofold the seat assembly into the trunk floor.

5. Replace the cover on the trunk floor.



Seating a ChildThe Tesla built-in rear facing child seats arechild restraint systems and must only be usedfor children over 37" (94 cm) tall andweighing between 35 and 77 lbs (16.2 to 35.2kg).

Always ensure the top of the child’s headcannot contact the vehicle and that the childis seated comfortably with the seat beltspositioned and latched correctly. The child’spelvis must be held securely in place by thelap belt. Follow all instructions provided anddo not use supplemental child safety seats inthese seats.

Note: Whenever a child is seated in the Teslabuilt-in rear facing child seats, it isrecommended that you set the climate controlsystem to draw outside air into Model Sinstead of recirculating the air. This drawsmore air into the rear seating areas.

1. Position the child in the seat with armsthrough the loops of the seat belts.

2. Connect the two halves of the seat belttongue.

3. Insert the seat belt tongue into the buckleand ensure it is securely fastened.

4. Adjust the shoulder belts so they run overthe top of the child’s shoulders and awayfrom the face.

5. Connect the chest clip and adjust it to beas high as possible without causing theshoulder belts to touch the child’s neck.

6. Pull the lower straps until the child issecurely held in the seat.

7. Slide the shoulder clips into place toensure the upper portion of the beltsremain positioned over the child’sshoulders.

To release, press the button on the buckle,release the chest clip, and separate the twohalves of the seat restraint.

Warnings - Tesla Child SeatsWarning: The Tesla built-in rear facingseats are child restraint systems and mustonly be used for children over 37"



(94 cm) tall and weighing between 35and 77 lbs (16.2 to 35.2 kg).

Warning: Do not use supplemental childrestraint systems, including booster seats,in the Tesla built-in rear facing child seats.

Warning: Always ensure that the top ofthe child’s head cannot touch the vehicleand that the child is seated comfortablywith the seat belts correctly fastened.

Warning: Follow all instructions and heedall warnings related to the Tesla built-inrear facing child seats. Failure to do socan compromise occupant safety.

Warning: Read all safety warnings andlabels attached to the seats.

Warning: Do not leave childrenunattended in Model S, even if the child issecured in a child safety seat or a Teslabuilt-in rear facing child seat. In hotweather, the interior temperature canreach dangerous levels that can result indehydration, serious injury or death.

Warning: Do not remove or replace thefabric on a Tesla built-in rear facing childseat. The covers are an integral part ofthe restraint’s performance and shouldnot be removed or replaced with anyother type than those supplied by Tesla.

Warning: If the Tesla built-in rear facingchild seats have been worn in anaccident, they must be inspected orreplaced by Tesla, even if damage is notobvious.

Warning: Before allowing a child to ride inthe Tesla built-in rear facing child seats,check that the seat is securely held in theupright position by trying to pull the seatback toward you.

Warning: Do not remove the built-in rearfacing child seats for any reason,including cleaning. To ensure safety ofoccupants, removal and installation mustbe performed by qualified Tesla servicetechnicians.

Warning: Do not make modifications oradditions that can interfere with theoperation of the Tesla built-in rear facingchild seats.

Warning: To prevent injury, ensure allloose items (bags, luggage, etc.) aresecured. In an accident, or during hardbraking and sharp turns, loose itemscould cause injury.



Location of AirbagsAirbags are located in the approximate areas shown here. Airbag warning information is printedon the sun visors.

1. Passenger knee airbag2. Passenger front airbag3. Side airbags4. Curtain airbags5. Driver’s knee airbag6. Driver’s front airbag

Airbags


How the Airbags WorkInflation of airbags depends on the rate atwhich the vehicle’s cabin changes speed in acollision. The rate of deceleration determineswhether airbags inflate.

Airbags inflate instantly with considerableforce accompanied by a loud noise. Theinflated bag, together with the seat belts,limits movement of occupants to reduce therisk of injury.

Front airbags are not ordinarily designed toinflate in rear collisions, rollovers, minor frontor side collisions, heavy braking, or drivingover bumps and potholes. Therefore,significant superficial damage can occur tothe vehicle without the airbags inflating or,conversely, a relatively small amount ofstructural damage can cause airbags toinflate.

If you are planning to modify your vehicle fora person with disabilities in a way that mayaffect the airbag system, contact Tesla.

Types of Airbags

Advancedfrontairbags

The front airbags areadvanced airbags designed toreduce airbag related injuriesto children or small adults whoride in the front seats. On thedriver’s side, the front airbagworks with a seat positionsensor that adjusts theinflation level based on theseating position of theoccupant. On the passenger’sside, the airbag responds to asensing system in the seatthat determines whether ornot the passenger side frontairbag inflates, and optimizesthe inflation level based on theweight of the occupant(described below).

Kneeairbags

Knee airbags and the frontairbags work together. Theknee airbags limit the forwardmotion of the front seatoccupants by restricting legmovement, therebypositioning the occupants sothat the front airbags workmore effectively.

Sideairbags

Side airbags protect thethorax region of the torso andthe pelvis. They inflate only ifa severe side impact occurs.Side airbags on the non-impacted side do not inflate.

Curtainairbags

Curtain airbags help protectthe head and typically inflateonly if a severe side impactoccurs, or if the vehicle rollsover. Curtain airbags on thenon-impacted side do notinflate.

Airbags


Passenger Front AirbagModel S has an occupancy sensor in the frontpassenger seat that controls the status of theairbags based on the weight of the occupant.Passenger airbag status displays in the topright corner of the touchscreen to indicatewhether the airbag will inflate (on) or notinflate (off) if a collision occurs.

Note: The occupancy sensor system meets theregulatory requirement of FMVSS 208 andautomatically detects when inflating thepassenger front airbags would be unnecessaryor potentially harmful.

Front passenger seatoccupancy*

Passenger airbagstatus

Empty OFF

Infant in child safetyseat (up to 20 lbs/9kg)

OFF

Child or smalloccupant(20-100 lbs/9-45 kg)

ON or OFF

Heavy object/occupant

ON

*Values are approximate. Occupants whoseweight is close to the low weight thresholdcan cause the status to occasionally turn onand off depending on seating position andphysique.

If the status shows the airbag as permanentlyon, even when the seat is empty and the seatbelt is unbuckled, contact Tesla immediately.

To make sure the sensing system cancorrectly detect occupancy status, eliminatethe following:

• Objects lodged under the seat.

• Heavy objects sitting on the seat(briefcase, large purse).

• Objects wedged between the seat backand seat cushion.

• Cargo interfering with the seat.• After market items attached to, or sitting

on, the seat (covers, mats, blankets, etc.).

These conditions can interfere with theoccupancy sensor. If you have eliminated theabove possibilities, and the airbag status isstill incorrect, ask passengers to ride in therear seats and contact Tesla to have theairbag system checked.

Note: The front passenger seat’s sensingsystem affects the operation of the passengerfront and side airbags only. Other passengercurtain airbag is not affected.

Warning: Never seat a child in a childsafety seat or a booster seat on the frontpassenger seat when the airbags areactivated.

Warning: Do not use seat covers onModel S. Doing so could restrictdeployment of the side air bags if anaccident occurs. It can also reduce theaccuracy of the occupant detectionsystem.

Airbags


Inflation EffectsWhen airbags inflate, a fine powder isreleased. This powder can irritate the skin andshould be thoroughly flushed from the eyesand from any cuts or abrasions.

After inflation, the airbags deflate to provide agradual cushioning effect for the occupantsand to ensure the driver’s forward vision is notobscured.

If airbags have inflated, or if your vehicle hasbeen in an accident, always have the airbags,seat belt pre-tensioners and any associatedcomponents checked and, if necessary,replaced by Tesla.

In a collision, in addition to the airbagsinflating:

• Doors unlock and the door handlesextend.

• Hazard warning lights turn on.• Interior lights turn on.• High voltage is disabled.

To restore Battery power, use the touchscreento manually power off Model S, then press thebrake to power it back on again.

Airbag Warning Indicator

The airbag indicator on theinstrument panel remains lit if theairbag system is malfunctioning. Theonly time this indicator should lightup is briefly when Model S first startsup, in which case it turns off within afew seconds. If it remains lit, contactTesla immediately and do not drive.

Airbag WarningsWarning: All occupants, including thedriver, should always wear their seatbelts, whether or not an airbag is alsoprovided at their seating position, tominimize the risk of severe injury or deathin the event of a collision.

Warning: Front seat occupants shouldnot place their arms over the airbagmodule, as an inflating bag can causefractures or other injuries.

Warning: Do not use seat covers onModel S. Doing so could restrictdeployment of the side air bags if anaccident occurs. It can also reduce the

accuracy of the occupant detectionsystem.

Warning: Airbags inflate withconsiderable speed and force, which cancause injury. To limit injuries, ensure thatoccupants are wearing seat belts and arecorrectly seated, with the seat positionedas far back as possible. The NationalHighway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) recommends a minimumdistance of 10" (25 cm) between anoccupant’s chest and an airbag.

Warning: Do not use a child safety seat orseat young children on a seat with anoperational airbag in front of it. Doing socan cause injury or death if the airbaginflates.

Warning: To ensure correct inflation ofthe side airbags, maintain anunobstructed gap between an occupant’storso and the side of Model S.

Warning: Passengers should not lean theirheads against the doors. Doing so cancause injury if a curtain airbag inflates.

Warning: Do not allow passengers toobstruct the operation of an airbag byplacing feet, knees or any other part ofthe body on or near an airbag.

Warning: Do not attach or place objectson or near the front airbags, the side ofthe front seats, the headliner at the sideof the vehicle, or any other airbag coverthat could interfere with inflation of anairbag. Objects can cause serious injury ifthe vehicle is in a collision severe enoughto cause the airbag to inflate.

Warning: Following inflation, some airbagcomponents are hot. Do not touch untilthey have cooled.

Airbags


Creating a Driver ProfileIf Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, you only need to adjust Model Sonce. When you first adjust the driver’s seat,steering wheel, or driver’s side mirror, thetouchscreen prompts you to create a driverprofile to save these adjustments. Your profilealso saves several other preferences you makeusing the touchscreen’s Settings window.

A new driver can also add a driver profile bytouching Controls > Settings > Driver Profiles(or by touching the driver icon on thetouchscreen's status bar, and touching CreateDriver Profile). Enter the driver name andtouch Create Profile.

If you change the position of the steeringwheel, driver’s seat, or driver’s side mirrorafter you have saved a profile, thetouchscreen prompts you to save the newposition or restore the previously savedposition (other preferences are automaticallysaved). To use a setting without saving orrestoring, just ignore the prompt.

Restoring a Driver’s Profile

To adjust Model S based on adriver’s profile, touch the driverprofile icon, located to the left sideof the Tesla “T” on the touchscreen’sstatus bar. Then choose the driverand the saved adjustments areautomatically made.

Saved Driver SettingsTo see what settings are associated with yourdriver profile, touch Controls > Settings >Driver Profiles. Then touch See what’s saved.A popup window lists the settings that areassociated with a driver profile. These settingsvary depending on the version of softwarecurrently running in Model S.

Driver Profiles


Adjusting PositionAdjust the steering wheel to the desireddriving position by moving the control on theleft side of the steering column.

Warning: Do not make adjustments whiledriving.

Adjusting SensitivityYou can adjust the feel and sensitivity of thesteering system to suit your personalpreference:

1. On the touchscreen, touch Controls.2. Choose a steering option:

• Comfort - reduces the effort requiredto turn the wheel. In town, Model Sfeels easier to drive and park.

• Standard - Tesla believes that thissetting offers the best handling andresponse in all conditions.

• Sport - Increases the effort requiredto turn the wheel. When driving athigher speeds, Model S feels moreresponsive.

The only way to really know which option youlike best is to try them.

Using Left Steering Wheel ButtonsUse the buttons on the left side of the steeringwheel to change radio stations, control themedia player’s volume, and control whatdisplays on the left side of the instrumentpanel (whenever the Navigation app is notdisplaying instructions).

Note: The volume control on the steeringwheel does not adjust spoken navigationinstructions. To control the volume ofnavigation instructions, use the navigation

window on the touchscreen (see Using Mapson page 90).

1. Next

If you are listening to local or satelliteradio and you have defined more than oneradio preset, press to play the next presetin the radio band that is currently playing.If you have not defined more than onepreset, press to go to the next availablefrequency.

If you are listening to Internet radio, or toan audio file on a connected Bluetooth orUSB device, press to skip to the next songor station.

2. Scroll Wheel

• To adjust the media volume, roll up ordown.

• To mute the media volume, or topause/play an audio file, tap thewheel.

• To choose what displays on the leftside of the instrument panel, pressand hold the scroll wheel to displaythe available options. Then roll thescroll wheel to browse through theoptions. Tap the scroll wheel when theoption you want is highlighted.

3. Previous

Same as described above for Next, exceptit skips to the previous song or station.

Note: Regardless of how you customize theleft side of the instrument panel, itautomatically changes to display navigationinstructions (if applicable), or to let you knowif a door or trunk is open when Model S is in adriving gear.

Steering Wheel

Driving 37

Using Right Steering Wheel ButtonsUse the buttons on the right side of thesteering wheel to access call options while ona phone call, to browse the phonebook of aBluetooth-connected phone, to choose andcontrol a Model S feature, and to use voicecommands.

Note: Whenever you receive or make a phonecall, the right side of the instrument panelautomatically displays call options to help youeasily handle phone calls on your Bluetooth-connected phone.

1. Phone Menu or Voice Commands

During a phone call, press to display thephone menu, which gives you the optionto mute, hold, or end the call.

Press and hold to use voice commands tocall a contact, navigate, or listen toInternet music. When you hear the tone,speak your command. Release the buttonwhen you finish speaking. For details, see Using Voice Commands on page 38.

2. Scroll Wheel

• To choose what displays on the rightside of the instrument panel, pressand hold the scroll wheel to displaythe available options. Then roll thescroll wheel to browse through theoptions. Tap the scroll wheel when theoption you want is highlighted.

• When the right side of the instrumentpanel displays a menu, rolling thewheel highlights the next item in amenu and tapping the wheel selectsthe highlighted item. When a menu isnot displayed, rolling the wheeladjusts your chosen controllablefeature (see Item 3 below).

Note: The option you choose to displayusing the right scroll wheel is retaineduntil you manually change it. It can also besaved in your driver profile.

3. Customize the Scroll Wheel/Exit a Menu

Press, then use the scroll wheel to selectPhone to browse through and selectcontacts and recent calls.

Press, then use the scroll wheel to selectCustomize to choose the Model S featurethat you want to control whenever youroll the wheel when a menu is notdisplayed. You can choose from:

• All. Allows you to roll the wheel andchoose from all available functions(listed next).

• Climate Temps. Roll the wheel tochange the temperature, or press thewheel to turn the climate controlsystem on and off.

• Fan Speed. Roll the wheel to adjustthe speed of the fan used to cool orheat the cabin.

• Display Brightness. Roll the wheel tochange the brightness level of thedisplays, or press the wheel to restoredefault settings.

• Sunroof (if equipped). Roll the wheelto adjust the position of the sunroof.

• Media Source. Roll the wheel tocontrol what Media Player is playing,or press the wheel to add/remove thecurrently playing station or audiotrack as a Favorite.

Press the lower right button at any time toeither exit a menu, or go back one level in themenu structure.

Using Voice CommandsYou can use voice commands to call acontact, navigate, or listen to Internet music.Press and hold the voice button on the upperright side of the steering wheel. When youhear the tone, speak your command whilecontinuing to hold down the voice button.Release the button when you finish speaking.

• To call a contact on your Bluetooth-connected phone, say “Call” or “Dial,”followed by the contact’s first and/or lastname(s). For example, “Call Eric” or “CallMike Phillips.”

Steering Wheel


• To search for, or navigate to, a location,say “Where is,” “Drive,” or “Navigate,”followed by an address, business name,business category, or landmark. Forexample, “Drive to Tesla in Menlo Park,”“Drive to Starbucks on Homestead inCupertino,” or “Where is StanfordUniversity?” If you have defined anavigation address for your home or worklocations, you can use a voice commandto "Navigate home" or "Navigate to work."

• To listen to an Internet music service, say“Listen to,” or “Play,” followed by thename of the song, album, artist orcombination. To improve voicerecognition accuracy, provide multiplecues in your command, such as artist plussong (for example, “Play Honky Chateauby Elton John” or “Listen to BoogieWonderland”).

Note: You can also use voice commands toprovide feedback to Tesla. Say "Note","Report", "Bug note", or "Bug report" followedby your brief comments. Model S takes asnapshot of its systems, including screencaptures of the touchscreen and instrumentpanel. Tesla periodically reviews these notesand uses them to continue improving Model S.

Heated Steering WheelIf Model S is equipped with the optional coldweather package, you can also control aheater in the steering wheel by touchingControls > Cold Weather > . When turned on,a heater in the steering wheel keeps it at acomfortable temperature.

HornTo sound the horn, press the center pad onthe steering wheel.

Steering Wheel

Driving 39

Adjusting Exterior Side MirrorsPress the button associated with the mirroryou want to adjust (left or right). The button'slight turns on and you can then press the dialto move the mirror to the desired position.Repeat for the other side mirror. If Model S isequipped with the optional tech package, youmay need to touch Save on the touchscreento save the mirror adjustment in your driverprofile.

To fold exterior mirrors, press the centerbutton. To set the mirrors to foldautomatically whenever you walk away fromModel S, touch Controls > Settings > Vehicle >Mirror Auto-Fold > ON.

If Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, the driver’s side mirror automaticallydims at night, in proportion to the level ofglare from the headlights of a vehicle behindyou (except when in Reverse gear). Also, bothexterior side mirrors have heaters that turn onand off with the rear window heater.

Mirror Auto-tilt When Reversing

If Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, both exterior mirrors canautomatically tilt downward when backing up.To adjust the auto-tilt position, shift intoReverse, then adjust the mirrors as describedabove (press the button associated with themirror you want to adjust, then press the dialto move the mirror to the desired position).Touch Save on the touchscreen to save themirror adjustment in your driver profile.

When you shift back into Drive, the mirrors tiltback to their normal (upward) position. Butnow that you have adjusted them for backingup, they automatically tilt to the selecteddownward position whenever you shift intoReverse.

You can turn the auto-tilt feature on or offusing the touchscreen, Touch Controls >Settings > Vehicle > Mirror Auto-Tilt.

Rear View MirrorExcept when in Reverse gear, the rear viewmirror automatically dims in proportion to thelevel of glare from the headlights of a vehiclebehind you.

Mirrors


Starting Model SWhen you open a door, Model S powers onthe instrument panel and touchscreen. Thecenter circle on the instrument panel displaysthe status of doors and the charge level, andyou can operate all controls.

To drive:

• PRESS THE BRAKE - the center circle onthe instrument panel changes to displaythe speedometer, power meter, chargelevel, and selected gear (P, R, N, or D).

• SELECT A GEAR - all the way down forDrive and all the way up for Reverse.

Everything you need to know when drivingModel S displays on the instrument panel.

Key Not Inside

If Model S does not detect a key when youpress the brake, the instrument panel displaysa message telling you that a key was notdetected.

Place the key in the center console cup holderwhere Model S can best detect it.

If Model S still does not detect the key, tryholding it against the center console,immediately below the 12V power socket (see 12V Power Socket on page 87). Or try usinganother key. If another key does not work,contact Tesla.

A number of factors can affect whetherModel S can detect the key. These include alow battery in the key, interference from otherdevices using radio signals, and objectsbetween the key and receiver.

Always keep the key with you. After driving,you need it to restart Model S after it powersoff. And when you leave Model S, you mustbring it with you to lock Model S, eithermanually or automatically (see Walk-awayLocking on page 7).

Powering OffWhen you finish driving, shift into Park bypressing the button on the end of the gearselector. The parking brake automaticallyengages and all systems keep operating.When you leave Model S with the key, itpowers off automatically, turning off thetouchscreen and instrument panel.

Model S also powers off automatically afterbeing in Park for 15 minutes, even if you aresitting in the driver’s seat.

Although usually not needed, you can poweroff Model S while you are still sitting in thedriver’s seat. Touch Controls > E-Brake &Power Off > Power Off. Model S automaticallypowers back on again if you press the brakeor touch anywhere on the touchscreen.

Note: Model S automatically shifts into Parkwhenever you leave the vehicle, even if youshift into Neutral before exiting. To keepModel S in Neutral, see Leaving Model S inNeutral - Tow Mode on page 42.

Starting and Powering Off

Driving 41

Shifting GearsWhen Model S is in Park, you must press thebrake to shift to another gear.

Move the lever up or down to change gears.

If you try to shift into a gear that the currentdriving speed prohibits, you will hear a chimeand the gear does not change.

Reverse

Push the lever all the way up and release. Youcan only shift into Reverse when Model S isstopped or moving less than 5 mph (8 km/h).If moving less than 1 mph (1.6 km/h), you mustpress the brake.

Neutral

Push the lever up or down to the first positionand release to shift into Neutral. Neutralallows Model S to roll freely.

If Model S is in Park and you use thetouchscreen to release the parking brake(Controls > E-Brake & Power Off), Model Sshifts into Neutral (see Parking Brake on page53).

Model S automatically shifts into Park whenyou exit. To leave Model S in Neutral, use thetouchscreen to engage Tow mode (see Leaving Model S in Neutral - Tow Mode onpage 42).

Drive

Push the lever all the way down and release.You can shift into Drive when Model S isstopped or moving less than 5 mph (8 km/h)in Reverse. If Model S is moving less than1 mph (1.6 km/h), you must press the brake toshift into Drive.

Park

With Model S stopped, press the end of thegear selector. Whenever Model S is in Park,the parking brake is applied.

Model S automatically shifts into Parkwhenever you:

• Leave the vehicle.• Connect a charge cable.

Leaving Model S in Neutral - TowModeModel S automatically shifts into Parkwhenever you finish driving and leaveModel S. To keep Model S in Neutral when youexit, allowing it to roll freely (for example,pulling onto a transporter, etc.), activate Towmode:

1. Shift into Park.2. Press the brake pedal.3. Touch Controls > Settings > Service &

Reset > Tow Mode.

Model S beeps, and shifts into Neutral (whichreleases the parking brake).

When Tow mode is active, Model Sdisplays this indicator light on theinstrument panel, along with amessage telling you that Model S willremain free rolling.

Note: In Tow mode, Model S does not shiftinto a driving gear. To cancel Tow mode, shiftinto Park or touch Tow mode again. Towmode also cancels if you use the touchscreento apply the parking brake (Controls > E-Brake & Power Off > Parking Brake).

Gears


Instrument Panel OverviewNote: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending onvehicle options, software version, and market region, the information displayed may be slightlydifferent.

1. The center display changes depending on whether Model S is off or ready to drive. If Model Sis off, the center displays shows remaining estimated range and status of doors. Pressing thebrake powers Model S on—the indicator lights flash on for a second and the center displayshows speed, power, charge level, estimated range (see item 9), and active gear. WhenModel S is plugged in, the instrument panel displays charging status (see Charging Status onpage 107).

2. Use the left steering wheel buttons to operate the audio system. You can also press and rollthe scroll wheel to change what displays on the left side of the instrument panel (see SteeringWheel on page 37).

3. Pay attention to important status messages that display here.4. All indicator lights flash on briefly when you press the brake to prepare to drive. They should

then turn off, unless the light applies to a current situation (see Indicator Lights on page44).

5. Use the right steering wheel buttons for voice commands, to handle telephone calls, and tocontrol some features of Model S. You can customize what features the scroll wheel cancontrol (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page 38).

6. Door lock status7. Odometer8. Outside temperature9. Total estimated driving distance (or energy) available. Instead of driving distance as shown

here, you can display the percentage of battery energy remaining. To do so, touch Controls >Settings > Units & Format > Energy & Charging (see Settings on page 77).

Note: When anticipating when you need to charge, use range estimates as a general guidelineonly.

Note: In cold weather, some of the stored energy in the Battery may not be available on yourdrive because the Battery is too cold. When this happens, a portion of the Battery meter isblue and the driving distance value has a snowflake image next to it. If Model S is plugged in,you can heat your Battery using wall power by turning on climate control using the mobileapp. When the Battery warms up, the blue portion on the meter and the snowflake image areno longer displayed.

Instrument Panel

Driving 43

10. Pay attention to alert messages that appear at the bottom center of the instrument panel. Ifany alerts are in effect, you can view information about them by touching the alert icon(exclamation mark) on the touchscreen’s status bar (the topmost area of the touchscreen).

11. Currently selected gear: Park, Reverse, Neutral, or Drive.12. Dashed lines appear on the power meter if Model S is limiting power. The dashed lines appear

on the top portion when power available for acceleration is being limited, and on the bottomportion when power that can be gained by regenerative braking is limited. Model S limitspower for many reasons. Here are just a few examples:

• Acceleration may be limited when the Battery is reaching a low state of charge or if thepowertrain is hot.

• Both acceleration and regenerative braking may be limited when the ambienttemperature is either very high or very low.

• Regenerative braking may be limited when the Battery is fully charged.13. Date and time

Indicator LightsIndicator lights flash on briefly when you press the brake pedal to prepare for driving. Unless anindicator light applies to a current situation, they should turn off. If an indicator light fails to turnon or off, contact Tesla.

In addition to indicator lights, alerts display on the top or bottom center of the instrument panel.If alerts are in effect, an alert icon (exclamation mark) displays on the top of the touchscreen.Touch this icon to display a description of the alert.

Indicator Description

Airbag safety. If this indicator does not flash on briefly when Model Sprepares to drive, or if it remains on, contact Tesla immediately. See AirbagWarning Indicator on page 35.

A seat belt for an occupied seat is not fastened. Note: Depending on thedate of manufacture, rear seating positions may not be equipped with a seatbelt reminder. See Seat Belts on page 20.

Front fog lights (optional). See Lights on page 47.

Parking lights (side marker lights, tail lights, and license plate lights) are on.See Lights on page 47.

Headlight low beams are on.

High beams are turned on, and either the vehicle is not equipped with AutoHigh Beam, or Auto High-Beam is turned off. See Headlight High Beams onpage 49.

Instrument Panel



High beams are currently turned on, and Auto High Beam will turn off thehigh beams if light is detected in front of Model S. See Headlight HighBeams on page 49.

High beams are temporarily turned off because the Auto High Beam featureis on and Model S detects light. When light is no longer detected, the highbeams will automatically turn back on. See Headlight High Beams on page49.

Electronic stability control systems are applying the brake to the relevantwheel to prevent slippage (light flashes). See Traction Control on page 54.

The traction control system has been disabled. See Traction Control on page54.

A Smart Air Suspension fault is detected. Contact Tesla. See Smart AirSuspension on page 83.

Smart Air Suspension’s automatic self-leveling is disabled. In other words,Model S is in Jack mode and is ready to be lifted or pulled onto atransporter. Jack mode cancels when Model S is driven over 4.5 mph(7 km/h). See Smart Air Suspension on page 83.

The parking brake is manually applied. See Parking Brake on page 53.

A parking brake fault is detected. Contact Tesla. See Parking Brake on page53.

An ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) fault is detected. See Brakes on page52. Contact Tesla immediately.

A brake system fault is detected or the brake fluid level is low. See Brakeson page 52. Contact Tesla immediately.

Instrument Panel

Driving 45


Tire pressure warning. The pressure of a tire is out of range. If a fault withthe Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is detected, the indicatorflashes. For a TPMS fault, contact Tesla. See Tire Care and Maintenance onpage 109.

A door or trunk is open. See Using Exterior Door Handles on page 6.

Flashes green when the left turn signal is operating. Both turn signalindicators flash green when the hazard warning flashers are operating.

Flashes green when the right turn signal is operating. Both turn signalindicators flash green when the hazard warning flashers are operating.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is operating and is maintaining the set speedbecause it is not actively tracking a vehicle in front. See Traffic-Aware CruiseControl on page 60.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is actively tracking a vehicle and willdecelerate/accelerate as needed to maintain your chosen followingdistance. See Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 60.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is in a Hold state because Model S came to astandstill behind a vehicle in front. You will need to resume cruise. See Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 60.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is in a Hold state because Model came to astandstill but a vehicle is not detected in front. You will need to resumecruise. See Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page 60.

Model S is in Tow mode and can roll freely. It does not automatically shiftinto Park when you exit. See Instructions for Transporters on page 150.

Instrument Panel


Controlling Lights

Touch Controls on the bottom corner of the touchscreen to control most of the lights.

In addition to the lights that you can control from the touchscreen, Model S has conveniencelights that turn on and off automatically based on what you are doing. For example, you willnotice interior lights, marker lights, tail lights, door handle lights, and puddle lights that turn onwhen you unlock Model S, when you open a door, and when you shift into Park. They turn offautomatically after a minute or two or when you shift into a driving gear or lock Model S.

Lights

Driving 47

1. If you turn on DOME lights, interior dome(map) lights turn on when you unlockModel S, open a door upon exiting, or shiftinto P (Park). They turn off after 60seconds, when you lock Model S, or whenyou shift into a driving gear.

You can also turn an individual dome lighton or off by pressing its lens. If youmanually turn a dome light on, it turns offwhen Model S powers off. If Model S wasalready powered off when you manuallyturned the light on, it turns off after 60minutes.

2. If you turn on AMBIENT lights, the lightson the door armrests turn on wheneverthe headlights are on.

3. If you turn on AUTO HIGH BEAM, you canset the headlights to temporarily switch tolow beam whenever high beams are onand light is detected in front of Model S(see Headlight High Beams on page 49).

4. DRL (Daytime Running Lights) operateonly when driving with the headlights off.In jurisdictions where required by law(Canada), daytime running lights can notbe turned off.

5. If Model S is equipped with optional frontfog lights, touch to turn them on or off.

The Front Fog indicator displayson the instrument panelwhenever the optional front foglights are on.

The fog lights operate only when theheadlights are on. Whenever headlightsare turned off, fog lights also turn off.

6. Exterior lights are set to AUTO each timeyou start Model S. Touch these options totemporarily change the exterior lightsetting:

OFF All exterior lights(headlights, tail lights, sidemarker lights, parkinglights, and license platelights) turn off until youmanually turn them backon or until the next timeyou drive Model S.

PARKING Only the side markerlights, parking lights, taillights and license platelights turn on.

ON All exterior lights(headlights, tail lights, sidemarker lights, parkinglights, and license platelights) turn on.

AUTO All exterior lights(headlights, tail lights, sidemarker lights, parkinglights, and license platelights) turn onautomatically whendriving in low lightingconditions. If you changeto a different setting,lights always revert to thisAUTO setting on yournext drive.

Note: Optional fog lights operateautomatically whenever the headlights areon. When headlights are off, fog lights arealso off.

Lights


Headlight High BeamsPush the left-hand steering column lever awayfrom you. To cancel, pull the lever toward you.

If Model S is equipped with Driver Assistancefeatures, you can set the headlights toautomatically switch to low beam when thereis light detected in front of Model S. To turnthis feature on, touch Controls > Auto HighBeam.

Note: Your chosen setting is retained until youmanually change it. It can also be saved inyour driver profile.

In situations where high beams are turned offbecause Auto High Beam is turned on andlight is detected in front of Model S, you cantemporarily turn high beams on by pulling thelever all the way toward you.

The following indicator lights are visible onthe instrument panel when high beams areturned on:

High beams are turned on, andeither the vehicle is not equippedwith Auto High Beam, or Auto High-Beam is turned off.

High beams are currently turned on,and Auto High Beam is ready to turnoff the high beams if light isdetected in front of Model S.

High beams are temporarily turnedoff because Auto High Beam is onand is detecting light in front ofModel S. When light is no longerdetected, the high beamsautomatically turn back on.

To flash the headlight high beams, pull thelever fully toward you and release.

Warning: Auto High Beam is an aid onlyand is subject to limitations and systemissues. It is the driver's responsibility tomake sure that the headlights are always

adjusted as appropriate for the weatherconditions and driving circumstances.

Lights

Driving 49

Headlights After ExitWhen you stop driving and park Model S inlow lighting conditions, the exterior lightsautomatically turn on. They automatically turnoff after two minutes or when you lockModel S.

You can turn this feature on and off using thetouchscreen. Touch Controls > Settings >Vehicle > Headlights After Exit.

Cornering LightsIf Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, LED cornering lights broaden thebeam of the headlights when you drivethrough a corner.

Turn SignalsMove the left-hand steering column lever up(before turning right) or down (before turningleft).

The turn signals stop operating whencanceled by the steering wheel, or when youreturn the lever to the central position.

The corresponding turn signalindicator lights up on the instrumentpanel when a turn signal isoperating. You also hear a clickingsound.

Warning: If Model S is equipped with bothAutopilot and the Tech Package option,engaging a turn signal can cause Model Sto accelerate when using Traffic-AwareCruise Control in specific situations. See Overtake Acceleration on page 63.

Lane Change Flash

To indicate a lane change, quickly press thelever up or down against the spring pressure,then release. The corresponding turn signalflashes three times.

Hazard Warning FlashersTo turn on the hazard warning flashers, pressthe button located on the side of thetouchscreen closest to the steering wheel. Allturn signals flash. Press again to turn off.

Note: Hazard warning flashers operate evenwithout a Model S key nearby.

Lights


WipersTo wipe the windshield, rotate the end of theleft-hand steering column lever away fromyou. You can choose from four levels:

• 1st: Auto with low rain sensitivity.*• 2nd: Auto with high rain sensitivity.*• 3rd: Continuous, slow.• 4th: Continuous, fast.

For a single wipe, press and release the end ofthe lever.

If the wipers are set to Auto and the sensordetects no water, the wipers do not wipe.

When you operate the wipers, headlightsautomatically turn on (if they are not onalready).

*Model S has a rain sensor located on theinside of the windshield at the base of theinterior mirror. When wipers are set to Auto,the frequency at which they wipe depends onhow much water the sensor detects. Whenwipers are set to the 2nd level, the sensor ismore sensitive.

To extend the life of wiper blades, remove icefrom the windshield before turning wipers on.Ice has sharp edges that can damage therubber on the blades.

Periodically check and clean the edge of thewiper blade. If damaged, replace the bladeimmediately. For details on checking andreplacing wiper blades, see Wiper Blades andWasher Jets on page 121.

Caution: In harsh climates, ensure that thewiper blades are not frozen or adhered tothe windshield.

De-icing Wipers

To make wiper blades easy to access so youcan remove any ice and snow, shift Model Sinto Park, then use the touchscreen to movethem to the service position. Touch Controls >Settings > Service & Reset > Service Mode >ON. When parking in cold outdoor climates, itis helpful to leave Model S with the wipers inthe service position. In this position, they arecloser to the defrost vent, allowing you tothaw them by directing air from the climatecontrol system towards the windshield.

Note: Wipers automatically return to theirnormal position when you shift Model S out ofPark.

If Model S is equipped with the cold weatheroption, you can de-ice wipers by touchingControls > Cold Weather > Heated Wipers.The heated wipers automatically turn off afterheating the wipers for 15 minutes.

WashersPress the button on the end of the leftsteering column lever to spray washer fluidonto the windshield. You can press this buttonat two levels. Press partially for a single wipe,without any washer fluid. Press fully for bothwipe and wash. When washing the windshield,the wipers will perform two wipes after yourelease the button, then a third wipe a fewseconds later.

Periodically top up washer fluid (see ToppingUp Washer Fluid on page 125).

De-icing Washer Nozzles

If Model S is equipped with the cold weatheroption, washer nozzles have de-icers that turnon whenever the ambient temperature nearsfreezing, or when you turn on the heatedwipers (Controls > Cold Weather > HeatedWipers). The washer de-icers turn off whenthe heated wipers turn off (after 15 minutes),provided the temperature is warm enough toprevent freezing.

Wipers and Washers

Driving 51

Braking SystemsModel S has an anti-lock braking system(ABS) that prevents the wheels from lockingwhen you apply maximum brake pressure.This improves steering control during heavybraking in most road conditions.

During emergency braking conditions, theABS constantly monitors the speed of eachwheel and varies the brake pressure accordingto the grip available.

The alteration of brake pressure can be felt asa pulsing sensation through the brake pedal.This demonstrates that the ABS is operatingand is not a cause for concern. Keep firm andsteady pressure on the brake pedal whileexperiencing the pulsing.

The ABS indicator flashes briefly onthe instrument panel when you firststart Model S. If this indicator lightsup at any other time, an ABS faulthas occurred and the ABS is notoperating. Contact Tesla. Thebraking system remains fullyoperational and is not affected by anABS failure. However, brakingdistances may increase.

If the instrument panel displays thisindicator at any time other thandisplaying briefly when you first startModel S, a brake system fault isdetected or the brake fluid level islow. Contact Tesla immediately.

Emergency Braking

In an emergency, fully press the brake pedaland maintain firm pressure, even on lowtraction surfaces. The ABS varies the brakingpressure to each wheel according to theamount of traction available. This preventswheels from locking and ensures that youstop as safely as possible.

Warning: Do not pump the brake pedal.Doing so interrupts operation of the ABSand can increase braking distance.

Warning: Always maintain a safe distancefrom the vehicle in front of you and beaware of hazardous driving conditions.While the ABS can improve stoppingdistance, it cannot overcome the laws ofphysics. It also does not prevent thedanger of hydroplaning (where a layer ofwater prevents direct contact betweenthe tires and the road).

Brake WearModel S brake pads are equipped with wearindicators. A wear indicator is a thin metalstrip attached to the brake pad that squeals asit rubs against the rotor when the pad wearsdown. This squealing sound indicates that thebrake pads have reached the end of theirservice life and require replacement. To stopthe squealing, contact Tesla Service.

Warning: Neglecting to replace wornbrake pads results in damage to thebraking system and can create a brakinghazard.

Brakes


Regenerative BrakingWhenever Model S is moving and your foot isoff the accelerator, regenerative braking slowsdown Model S and feeds any surplus energyback to the Battery.

By anticipating your stops and simplyremoving your foot from the accelerator toslow down, you can take advantage ofregenerative braking to increase drivingrange. Of course, this is no substitute forregular braking when needed for safety.

Note: If regenerative braking is aggressivelyslowing Model S, such as on a steep descent,brake lights turn on to alert other road usersthat you are slowing down.

The power meter on the instrument paneldisplays real-time feedback on the amount ofenergy being gained by regenerative braking.

The amount of energy fed back to the Batteryusing regenerative braking can depend on thecurrent state of the Battery and the chargelevel setting that you are using. If regenerativebraking is limited, a dashed yellow linedisplays on the power meter. For example,regenerative braking may be limited if theBattery is already fully charged or if theambient temperature is low.

To Set the Regenerative Braking Level

You can use the touchscreen to change thelevel of regenerative braking:

1. Touch Controls > Driving > RegenerativeBraking.

2. Choose from two levels:

• Standard. Provides the maximumamount of regenerative braking.When you release the accelerator,Model S slows down faster, reducingthe need to use the brakes.

• Low. Limits the amount ofregenerative braking. When yourelease the accelerator, Model S takeslonger to slow down and coastsfurther.

Parking BrakeThe parking brake automatically engageswhenever you shift Model S into Park, andreleases whenever you shift into any othergear.

Note: The parking brake operates on the rearwheels only, and is independent of the foot-operated brake system.

Use the touchscreen to manually release theparking brake (which also shifts Model S intoNeutral):

1. Touch Controls > E-Brake & Power Off.2. Press the brake pedal, then touch Parking

Brake. If Model S was previously in Park, itshifts into Neutral.

The parking brake indicator lights upon the instrument panel wheneveryou use the touchscreen to manuallyapply the parking brake.

If an electrical issue occurs with theparking brake, an amber parkingbrake fault message displays at thetop center of the touchscreen.

Caution: In the unlikely event thatModel S loses electrical power, youcannot release the parking brake.

Brakes

Driving 53

How It WorksThe traction control system constantlymonitors the difference in speed between thefront and rear wheels. If Model S experiences aloss of traction, the system minimizes wheelspin by controlling brake pressure and motorpower. By default, the traction control systemis always active. Under normal conditions, itshould remain active to ensure maximumsafety.

On standard Model S vehicles, traction controlcan be turned off at any time. Turn it off onlyin circumstances where you deliberately wantthe wheels to spin, such as when Model S isstuck in snow or mud.

On a dual motor Model S, you can enable slipstart to allow the wheels to spin at a limitedspeed. Slip start can be enabled only whenModel S is moving 20 mph (32 km/h) orslower. Slip start automatically disables whenthe speed exceeds 40 mph (64 km/h).

This indicator displays on theinstrument panel whenever thetraction control system is activelycontrolling brake pressure andmotor power to minimize wheel spin.

Warning: Traction control can notprevent accidents caused by drivingdangerously or turning too sharply athigh speeds.

Allowing Wheel Slip

Under normal conditions, the traction controlsystem should remain enabled. Disable it onlyin circumstances where you deliberately wantthe wheels to spin, such as:

• Starting on a loose surface, such as gravelor snow.

• Driving in deep snow, sand or mud.• Rocking out of a hole or deep rut.

To allow the wheels to spin on a standardsingle motor Model S, touch Controls >Driving > Traction Control > Off.

To allow the wheels to spin on a dual motorModel S, touch Controls > Driving > TractionControl > Slip Start.

This indicator displays at the topcenter of the touchscreen wheneverthe wheels are allowed to spin (i.e.when the traction control system ona standard single-motor Model S isturned off, or when Slip start on adual-motor Model S is enabled.

Although the traction control systemautomatically reactivates the next time youstart Model S, it is strongly recommended thatyou enable it immediately after thecircumstances that required you to disable ithave passed.

Traction Control


How Speed Assist WorksIf Model S is equipped with Driver Assistancefeatures, a camera mounted on the windshieldbehind the interior rear view mirror detectsspeed limit signs. The signs are then analyzedand compared against GPS data to determinethe speed limit at your current drivinglocation. For routes where no signs arepresent, speed limits are determined usingGPS data (if available). Instead of determiningthe speed limit based on signs and GPS data,you can also manually enter an arbitraryspeed limit.

When you turn on Speed Assist, thespeedometer displays a gray line to indicatethe speed limit. Warnings (described below)take effect when you exceed this limit.

In situations where the system does not haveconfidence in the acquired speed limit, thespeedometer displays a dashed line instead,and warnings do not take effect. The systemmay be uncertain about a speed limit if aspeed, although initially detected, is no longerknown or may no longer apply. In some cases,the dashed line displays at the originallydetected speed, whereas in other cases itdisplays at 0 mph.

If you set the speed limit warning to Display(see Controlling Speed Assist below), a speedlimit sign displays in the center of theinstrumental panel whenever you exceed thespeed limit and the speedometer displays theexcess speed in gray.

Note: A speed limit sign also displays in thecenter of the instrumental panel when anautomatically detected speed limit changes.

If you set the speed limit warning to Chime(see Controlling Speed Assist) and exceed thespeed limit, the speedometer displays excessspeed in gray, and you also hear a warningchime.

Note: Speed limit warnings go awayautomatically after 10 seconds, or when ModelS slows down below the specified limit.

Warning: Do not rely on Speed Assist todetermine the appropriate speed limit.

Speed Assist

Driving 55

Always drive at a safe speed based ontraffic and road conditions.

Caution: If your Model S is equipped withSpeed Assist, you must take your vehicleto Tesla Service if a windshieldreplacement is needed. Failure to do socan cause Speed Assist to malfunction.

Controlling Speed AssistTo turn Speed Assist on or off, and controlhow it works, touch Controls > Settings >Driver Assistance > Speed Assist, then chooseone of these options:

• Off. The speed limit is not displayed.• Display. Speed limit information visually

displays on the speedometer and whenyou exceed the limit, a speed limit signdisplays in the center of the instrumentpanel, and the speedometer displays theexcess speed in gray.

• Chime. In addition to the visual display, anaudible chime sounds whenever youexceed the speed limit.

You can also specify how the speed limit isdetermined:

• Relative. The speed limit is determinedautomatically based on detected trafficsigns and GPS data. If desired, you can seta speed limit offset (+ or -) if you want tobe alerted only when you exceed thespeed limit by a specified amount. Forexample, you would increase the offset to+10 mph if you only want to be alertedwhen you exceed the speed limit by10 mph.

• Absolute. Manually specify any speed limitbetween 20 and 140 mph (30 and240 km/h).

Note: GPS data is not always accurate. TheGPS can misjudge the road's location andprovide the speed limit for a directly adjacentroad that may have a different speed limit. Forexample, The GPS can assume Model S is on afreeway when it’s actually on a nearby surfacestreet, and vice versa.

Limitations and InaccuraciesSpeed Assist may not be fully functional ormay provide inaccurate information in thesesituations:

• Visibility is poor and speed limit signs arenot clearly visible (due to heavy rain,snow, fog, etc.).

• Bright light (oncoming headlights ordirect sunlight) is interfering with thecamera's view.

• Model S is being driven very close to avehicle in front of it which is blocking thecamera's view.

• The windshield area in the camera's fieldof view is obstructed (fogged over, dirty,covered by a sticker, etc.).

• Speed limit signs are concealed byobjects.

• The speed limits stored in the GPSdatabase are incorrect or outdated.

• Model S is being driven in an area whereGPS data is not available.

• Traffic signs do not conform to standardrecognizable formats.

• A road or a speed limit has recentlychanged.

Speed Assist


How Lane Departure WarningWorksIf Model S is equipped with Autopilot, acamera mounted on the windshield behind theinterior rear view mirror monitors the markerson the lane you are driving in. If a front wheelpasses over a lane marking and the associatedturn signal is off, you feel three slightvibrations in the steering wheel.

Lane Departure Warning operates only whenModel S is traveling over approximately30 mph (50 km/h).

Warning: Lane Departure Warning is forguidance purposes only. Never dependon Lane Departure Warning to inform youof unintentionally driving outside of theboundaries of the driving lane. Severalexternal factors can reduce theperformance of Lane Departure Warning,causing either no readings or falsereadings. Therefore, depending on thissystem to stay within the boundaries ofthe driving lane can result in serious injuryor death. Always keep your eyes on theroad when driving. It is the driver'sresponsibility to stay alert, drive safely,ensure the vehicle stays in the travelinglane, and be in control of the vehicle at alltimes.

Warning: Lane Departure Warning isdesigned to activate when it detects lanemarkings. It is not designed to detect theedge of a road. It is the driver'sresponsibility to drive attentively and staywithin the boundaries of the driving lane.

Caution: If your Model S is equipped withLane Departure Warning, you must takeyour vehicle to Tesla Service if awindshield replacement is needed. Failureto do so can cause Lane DepartureWarning to malfunction.

Controlling Lane DepartureWarningTo turn Lane Departure Warning on or off,touch Controls > Settings > DriverAssistance > Lane Assist.

Limitations and InaccuraciesLane Departure Warning can not alwaysclearly detect lane markings and you mayexperience unnecessary or invalid warnings inthese situations:

• Visibility is poor and lane markings are notclearly visible (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.).


• Model S is being driven very close to avehicle in front of it which is blocking thecamera's view.


• Lane markings are excessively worn orhave been adjusted due to roadconstruction.

• Lane markings are changing quickly (forexample, lanes branching off, crossingover, or merging).

• The road is narrow or winding.• Objects or landscape features are casting

strong shadows on lane markers.

Lane Departure Warning

Driving 57

How Forward Collision WarningWorksIf Model S is equipped with Autopilot, acamera mounted on the windshield behind theinterior rear view mirror and a radar sensor inthe center of the front grill monitor the area infront of Model S for the presence of a vehicle,bike or pedestrian. If a collision is consideredlikely unless you take immediate correctiveaction, Forward Collision Warning is designedto provide visual and audible warnings.

The cameras and sensors associated withForward Collision Warning are designed tomonitor an approximate area of up to 525 feet(160 meters) in the driving path, as illustratedbelow.

Warning: The area being monitored byForward Collision Warning can beadversely affected by road and weatherconditions (see Limitations on page 58).Use appropriate caution when driving.

Caution: If your Model S is equipped withForward Collision Warning, you must takeyour vehicle to Tesla Service if awindshield replacement is needed. Failureto do so can cause Forward CollisionWarning to malfunction.

Warning: Forward Collision Warning doesnot operate when Model S is travelingless than 4 mph (7 km/h).

Warning: Forward Collision Warning isdesigned only to provide visual andaudible alerts (see Visual and AudibleFeedback on page 58). It does notattempt to apply the brakes or decelerateModel S. When seeing and/or hearing awarning (described below), it is thedriver's responsibility to immediately takean appropriate action.

Warning: Forward Collision Warning is forguidance purposes only and is not asubstitute for attentive driving and sound

judgement. Always keep your eyes on theroad when driving and never depend onForward Collision Warning to warn you ofa potential collision. Several factors canreduce the performance of ForwardCollision Warning, causing eitherunnecessary, invalid, inaccurate, ormissed warnings (see Limitations on page58). Depending on Forward CollisionWarning to warn you of a potentialcollision can result in serious injury ordeath.

Visual and Audible FeedbackWhen a collision with a vehicle, bicycle, orpedestrian is considered likely unlessimmediate action is taken, Forward CollisionWarning is designed to sound an audible alertand display a collision warning in the center ofthe instrument panel.

Warnings cancel automatically when the riskof a collision has been reduced (for example,you have decelerated or stopped Model S, ora vehicle in front has moved out of yourdriving path).

Warning: Forward Collision Warning mayprovide a warning in situations where thelikelihood of collision may not exist. Stayalert and always pay attention to the areain front of Model S so you can anticipatewhether any action is required.

Controlling Forward CollisionWarningTo turn Forward Collision Warning off oradjust its sensitivity, touch Controls >Settings > Driver Assistance > ForwardCollision Warning. Instead of the defaultwarning level of Medium, you can turn thewarning Off, or you can choose to be warnedLate or Early.

Note: Your chosen setting is retained until youmanually change it. It can also be saved inyour driver profile.

LimitationsForward Collision Warning cannot alwaysdetect vehicles, bikes, or pedestrians, and youmay experience unnecessary, inaccurate,invalid or missed warnings for many reasons,particularly if:

• The road has sharp curves.

Forward Collision Warning


• Visibility is poor (due to heavy rain, snow,fog, etc.).


• The radar sensor in the center of the frontgrill is obstructed (dirty, covered, etc.).


Warning: The list above does notrepresent an exhaustive list of situationsthat may interfere with proper operationof Forward Collision Warning. ForwardCollision Warning may fail to providewarnings for many other reasons. Toavoid a collision, stay alert and alwayspay attention to the area in front ofModel S so you can anticipate the need totake corrective action as early aspossible.

Forward Collision Warning

Driving 59

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control uses a cameramounted on the windshield behind the interiorrear view mirror and a radar sensor in thecenter of the front grill to detect whetherthere is a vehicle in front of you in the samelane. If the area in front of Model S is clear,Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is designed todrive consistently at a set speed. When avehicle is detected, Traffic-Aware CruiseControl is designed to slow down Model S ifneeded to maintain a selected time-baseddistance from the vehicle in front, up to theset speed. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control doesnot eliminate the need to watch the road infront of you and to apply the brakes if needed.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control makes it easy tomaintain a consistent time-based distancefrom a vehicle travelling in front of you in thesame lane. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isprimarily intended for driving on dry, straightroads, such as highways and freeways. Itshould not be used on city streets.

Note: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is availableonly if your Model S is equipped withAutopilot hardware and you have purchasedthe Tech Package.

Operating Traffic Aware CruiseControl1. Touch the end of the cruise control lever.

Unless a vehicle is detected ahead of you,you must be driving at least 18 mph(30 km/h) to initiate Traffic-Aware CruiseControl. If a vehicle is detected in front ofyou, you can initiate Traffic-Aware CruiseControl at any speed, even whenstationary.

The light on the lever turns on. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is now in standbymode and is not actively controlling yourspeed until you specify a cruising speed,as described in the next step.

2. Set your cruising speed by acceleratinguntil you reach a desired cruising speedthen moving the cruise control lever up ordown (or pull briefly toward you), thenreleasing.

Once you've initally set a cruising speed,you can adjust the speed to cruise at thespeed limit that is currently beingdetermined by Speed Assist (see SpeedAssist on page 55). To do so, pull thecruise control lever toward you and holdmomentarily (about half a second). Whenyou release, your cruising speed is set tothe speed that is automatically ormanually being determined by SpeedAssist, taking into consideration any offsetyou may have specified.

Note: When you adjust the cruising speedbased on the speed limit, the set speeddoes not change when the speed limitchanges. You will need to pull the leveragain. You can also manually adjust yourcruising speed at any time (see Changingthe Set Speed on page 62).

Warning: Do not rely on Speed Assistto determine an accurate orappropriate cruising speed. Alwayscruise at a safe speed based on trafficand road conditions.

3. To set the distance you want to maintainbetween Model S and a vehicle travellingahead of you, rotate the cruise controllever to choose a setting from 1 (theclosest following distance) to 7 (thelongest following distance). Each settingcorresponds to a time-based distance thatrepresents how long it takes for Model S,from its current location, to reach thelocation of the rear bumper of the vehicleahead.

As you rotate the cruise control lever, theinstrument panel displays the currentsetting. Release the lever when thedesired setting is displayed.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control


The instrument panel displays the Cruisemessage above the speedometer (see Instrument Panel Indicator Lights on page62) and a tick mark at the edge of thespeedometer indicates the set speed.

You can now release the accelerator pedaland allow Traffic-Aware Cruise Control tomaintain your set speed. When no vehicle isdetected ahead, Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmaintains the set speed. If a vehicle isdetected, Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmaintains your chosen following distance, upto the set speed, decelerating Model S asneeded. When the vehicle you are following isno longer detected, Traffic Aware CruiseControl accelerates back to the set speed.

You can accelerate at any time when drivingat a set speed using Traffic-Aware CruiseControl. But when you release the accelerator,Model S returns to the set speed.

When following a vehicle, Traffic-AwareCruise Control remains active at low speeds. IfModel S comes to a standstill and remainsstationary for approximately three seconds(slightly longer when driving on highwayconditions), you will need to resume Traffic-Aware Cruise Control by pressing theaccelerator pedal or pulling the cruise controllever toward you (see Canceling andResuming on page 64). A message displayson the instrument panel that you need toresume Traffic-Aware Cruise Control.

When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is activelyslowing down Model S to maintain theselected distance from the vehicle ahead,brake lights turn on to alert other road usersthat you are slowing down. You may alsonotice slight movement of the brake pedal.

Warning: Do not depend on Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to adequately andappropriately slow down Model S. Alwayswatch the road in front of you and stayprepared to brake at all times. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control does not eliminatethe need to apply the brakes as needed,even at slow speeds.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlcan not detect all objects and may notdetect a stationary vehicle or other object

in the lane of travel. There may besituations in which Traffic-Aware CruiseControl does not detect a vehicle, bicycle,or pedestrian. Depending on Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to avoid a collisioncan result in serious injury or death.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay react to vehicles or objects thateither do not exist or are not in the laneof travel, causing Model S to slow downunnecessarily or inappropriately..

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay misjudge the distance from a vehicleahead. Always watch the road in front ofyou. It is the driver's responsibility tomaintain a safe distance from a vehicleahead of you.

Warning: When you enable Traffic-AwareCruise Control in a situation where youare closely following the vehicle in frontof you, Model S may apply the brakes tomaintain the selected distance.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlhas limited deceleration ability and maybe unable to apply enough braking toavoid a collision if a vehicle in front slowssuddenly, or if a vehicle enters yourdriving lane in front of you. Never dependon Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to slowdown the vehicle enough to prevent acollision. Always keep your eyes on theroad when driving and be prepared totake corrective action as needed.Depending on Traffic-Aware CruiseControl to slow the vehicle down enoughto prevent a collision can result in seriousinjury or death.

Warning: Driving downhill can increasedriving speed, causing Model S to exceedyour set speed. Hills can also make itmore difficult for Model S to slow downenough to maintain the chosen followingdistance from the vehicle ahead.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay occasionally brake Model S when notrequired based on the distance from avehicle ahead. This can be caused byvehicles in adjacent lanes (especially oncurves), or by stationary objects.


Driving 61

Instrument Panel Indicator Lights

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isoperating and is maintaining the setspeed because it is not activelytracking a vehicle in front.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isactively tracking a vehicle and willdecelerate/accelerate as needed tomaintain your chosen followingdistance.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is in aHold state because Model S came toa standstill behind a vehicle in front.You will need to resume cruise.

Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is in aHold state because Model came to astandstill but a vehicle is notdetected in front. You will need toresume cruise.

Changing the Set SpeedTo change the set speed while using Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, move the cruise controllever up (increase) or down (decrease) untilyour desired speed is reached.

Move the lever up or down to the first positionand release to increase/decrease speed by1 mph (1 km/h). Move the lever up/down tothe second position and release to increase/decrease speed to the next multiple of 5 mph(5 km/h). For example, if you are travelling at54 mph (86 km/h) and move the lever up tothe second position and release, the speedincreases to 55 mph (90 km/h).

You can also hold the lever up or down toincrease/decrease the speed in 2 mph(2 km/h) increments, then release when youreach the desired speed.

Note: It may take a few seconds for Model Sto reach the new cruising speed.



Overtake AccelerationWhen following a vehicle with Traffic-AwareCruise Control operating, engaging the turnsignal to indicate a move into the passing lanebriefly accelerates Model S towards thevehicle ahead. By engaging or momentarilyholding the turn signal, you can quicklyaccelerate up to your set speed withouthaving to press the accelerator pedal. Theturn signal accelerates Model S only when thefollowing conditions are met:

• Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is operatingand detecting a vehicle in front.

• Model S is travelling below the set speed,but over 45 mph (72 km/h).

• The turn signal indicates a move into thepassing lane.

• The Overtake Acceleration setting isturned ON (Controls > Settings > DriverAssistance > Overtake Acceleration).

Overtake Acceleration is intended as an aidwhen passing a vehicle ahead of you. Whenthe turn signal is engaged, Traffic AwareCruise Control continues to maintain distancefrom the vehicle ahead, but allows you todrive slightly closer than your selecteddistance.

Acceleration cancels when:

• You reach your set cruising speed.• Changing lanes takes too long.• Model S gets too close to the vehicle

ahead.

OR• You disengage the turn signal.

To turn Overtake Acceleration on or off, touchControls > Settings > Driver Assistance >Overtake Acceleration. When OvertakeAcceleration is turned off, engaging a turnsignal when Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isactive does not increase your driving speed.

Note: Overtake Acceleration occurs when youeither fully engage the turn signal, or you holdthe turn signal in the momentary position(partially engaged). When you release ordisengage the turn signal, Model S stopsaccelerating (in the same way as when yourelease the accelerator pedal) and resumesthe set speed.

Note: Model S automatically determineswhether the turn signal indicates a move intoa passing lane based on if you are driving in aregion with right or left hand traffic. Whendriving in right hand traffic, only the left turnsignal (moving the turn signal lever down)provides acceleration. In left hand traffic, onlythe right turn signal (moving the turn signallever up) provides acceleration.

Warning: Overtake acceleration cancancel for many unforeseen reasons inaddition to those listed above. Stay alertand never depend on OvertakeAcceleration to increase your drivingspeed.

Warning: Overtake Acceleration increasesyour driving speed whenever theappropriate turn signal is engaged, evenwhen it may not be your intention toovertake the vehicle you are following.Although Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmaintains a safe driving distance from thevehicle ahead, it is the driver'sresponsibility to drive safely and stay incontrol of the vehicle at all times.

Warning: Model S uses its onboard GPS(Global Positioning System) to determineif you are currently driving in a regionwith right hand or left hand traffic. GPSdata is not always accurate and may notalways be available. It is the driver'sresponsibility to stay in control of thevehicle at all times. Never depend onOvertake Acceleration to appropriatelyincrease your driving speed. Conversely,when using Traffic-Aware Cruise Control,never assume that using a turn signal willnot increase your driving speed.Depending on this feature can result inserious injury or death.


Driving 63

Canceling and ResumingTo manually cancel Traffic-Aware CruiseControl, briefly push the cruise control leveraway from you. The message on theinstrument panel turns off, but the set speedremains displayed until Model S powers off.

To resume cruising at the previously setspeed, briefly pull the cruise control levertoward you.

Note: When Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlcancels, Model S does not coast. Instead,regenerative braking slows down Model S inthe same way as when you move your foot offthe accelerator when driving without cruisecontrol (see Regenerative Braking on page53).

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlmay immediately cancel, or may not beavailable, in the following situations:

• You press the brake pedal.• Your driving speed drops below

18 mph (30 km/h) in situations whenModel S does not detect a vehicleahead within the specified distance.

• You shift Model S out of Drive.• The driver's seat belt is unbuckled.• A door is opened.• The view from the radar sensor or

camera is obstructed. This could becaused by dirt, mud, ice, snow, fog,etc.

• The traction control setting ismanually disabled or is repeatedlyengaging to prevent wheels fromslipping.

• The wheels are spinning while at astandstill.

• The cruise control system is failingand requires service.

When Traffic-Aware Cruise Control isunavailable or cancels, all cruise controlfunctionality is unavailable. Model S nolonger drives consistently at a set speedand no longer maintains a specifieddistance from the vehicle ahead.

Warning: Traffic-Aware Cruise Controlcan cancel unexpectedly at any time forunforeseen reasons. Always watch theroad in front of you and stay prepared totake appropriate action. It is the driver'sresponsibility to be in control of Model Sat all times.

LimitationsTraffic-Aware Cruise Control is particularlyunlikely to operate as intended in thefollowing types of situations:

• The road has sharp curves.• Visibility is poor (due to heavy rain, snow,

fog, etc.).• Bright light (oncoming headlights or

direct sunlight) is interfering with thecamera's view.

• The radar sensor in the center of the frontgrill is obstructed (dirty, covered, etc.).


Caution: If your Model S is equipped withTraffic-Aware Cruise Control, you musttake your vehicle to Tesla Service if awindshield replacement is needed. Failureto do so can cause Traffic-Aware CruiseControl to malfunction.

Warning: Many unforeseen circumstancescan impair the operation of Traffic-AwareCruise Control. Always keep this in mindand remember that as a result, Traffic-Aware Cruise Control may not slow downor may brake or accelerate Model Sinappropriately. Always drive attentivelyand be prepared to take immediateaction.

Warning: Traffic-aware cruise controlmay not brake/decelerate for stationaryvehicles, especially in situations when youare driving over 50 mph (80 km/h) and avehicle you are following moves out ofyour driving path and a stationary vehicleor object is in front of you instead.Always pay attention to the road aheadand stay prepared to take immediate



corrective action. Depending on Traffic-Aware Cruise Control to avoid a collisioncan result in serious injury or death.


Driving 65

How Park Assist WorksIf Model S is equipped with the Park Assistoption, Model S has several sensors designedto detect the presence of objects nearby.When moving slowly in Drive or Reverse, thesensors alert you if an object is detected closeto the front or rear bumper, respectively.

Warning: The Park Assist imagesprovided below are representative only.The exact number and location of sensorsmay vary depending on the date yourModel S was manufactured.

The sensors are activated when driving lessthan 5 mph (8 km/h).

Warning: Never depend on Park Assist toinform you if an area you are approachingis free of objects and/or people. Severalexternal factors can reduce theperformance of Park Assist, causingeither no readings or false readings (see Limitations and False Warnings on page67). Therefore, depending on ParkAssist to determine if Model S isapproaching an obstruction can result in

damage to the vehicle and/or objects,and can potentially cause serious injury.Always inspect the area with your owneyes. When reversing, perform shoulderchecks and use all mirrors. Park assistdoes not detect children, pedestrians,bicyclists, animals, or objects that aremoving, protruding, located too far aboveor below the sensors, or too close or toofar from the sensors. Park Assist is forguidance purposes only and is notintended to replace your own directvisual checks. It is not a substitute forcareful driving.

Visual and Audio FeedbackWhen you shift to Reverse, the Park Assistview displays on the left side of theinstrument panel, showing any objects thatare in close proximity to the front and rear ofModel S. This view closes when you shift intoDrive unless objects are detected close to thefront of the Model S, in which case the ParkAssist view closes automatically when yourdriving speed exceeds 5 mph (8 km/h) . Whenreversing, visual feedback also displays on thetouchscreen, immediately below the cameraview (see Rear View Camera on page 71).You can close this view manually by touchingthe X in the upper left corner.

When driving with the Camera app displayedon the touchscreen, you can switch to thePark Assist view when driving at speedsbelow 5 mph (8 km/h) . Touch the buttonlocated in the upper left corner of the Cameraapp window. This is useful if you needassistance with parallel parking.

If chimes are turned on (see ControllingAudible Feedback on page 67), an audiblebeep sounds as you approach an object. Youcan temporarily mute the chime by pressingthe scroll wheel on the left side of the steeringwheel or by touching the mute button locatedon the in the bottom left corner of the ParkAssist view.

Note: If your vehicle is equipped with softwareversion 6.1 or newer, and you are driving withthe camera app displayed on the touchscreen,you can switch to the Park Assist view bytouching the icon in the upper left corner ofthe camera app window. You must be drivingat speeds below 5 mph (8 km/h) .

Note: If a sensor is unable to providefeedback, the instrument panel displays analert message.

Park Assist


Caution: Keep sensors clean from dirt,debris, snow, and ice. Avoid using a highpressure power washer on the sensorsand do not clean a sensor with a sharp orabrasive object that can scratch ordamage its surface.

Caution: Do not install accessories orstickers on or near the parking sensors.

Controlling Audible FeedbackYou can use Park Assist with or withoutaudible feedback. To turn chimes on or off,touch Controls > Settings > Safety &Security > Park Assist Chimes.

You can also mute the chimes temporarily bypressing the scroll wheel on the left side ofthe steering wheel or by touching the mutebutton in the bottom left corner of the ParkAssist view. The chimes are muted until youshift into a different gear or drive over 5 mph(8 km/h).

Limitations and False WarningsThe parking sensors may not functioncorrectly in these situations:

• One or more of the parking sensors isdamaged, dirty, or covered (such as mud,ice, or snow).

• Object is located below approximately8 inches (20 cm) (such as a curb or lowbarrier).

• Weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, orfog) are interfering with sensor operation.

• Object is thin (such as a sign post).• A sensor’s operating range has been

exceeded.• Object is sound-absorbing or soft (such as

powder snow).• Object is sloped (such as a sloped

embankment).• Model S has been parked in, or being

driven in, extremely hot or coldtemperatures.

• The sensors are affected by otherelectrical equipment or devices thatgenerate ultrasonic waves.

• Object is located too close to the bumper.• A bumper is misaligned or damaged.• An object that is mounted to Model S is

interfering with and/or obstructing thesensor (such as a bike rack or a bumpersticker).

Other Parking AidsIn addition to Park Assist, when shifted intoReverse gear, the backup camera displays aview of the area behind Model S. See RearView Camera on page 71.

Park Assist

Driving 67

Hill Start Assist automatically engages thebrakes for approximately one second when ona hill. This prevents Model S from rollingduring the time it takes for you to move yourfoot from the brake pedal to the acceleratorpedal. Hill Start Assist engages the brakesonly if Model S is in Drive and facing uphill, orin Reverse and facing downhill.

Warning: After approximately onesecond, Hill Start Assist no longer brakesyour vehicle and it could roll. Therefore,quickly move your foot from the brakepedal to the accelerator pedal. Never relyon Hill Start Assist to prevent Model Sfrom rolling for more than one second.Failure to do so can result in a collision.

Hill Start Assist


Displaying Trip InformationTrip information displays on the touchscreenwhen you touch Controls > Trips. There aretwo trip meters available, A and B. To reset aparticular trip meter, touch its associatedRESET.

Note: You can also display range and tripinformation on the instrument panel (see Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons on page37).

Trip Information

Driving 69

Driving Tips to Maximize RangeYou can maximize your driving range usingthe same driving habits that you use toconserve fuel in a gasoline-powered vehicle. Inaddition to driving habits, energyconsumption depends on environmentalconditions (such as cold weather and hillyroads). To get the maximum mileage from acharge:

• Avoid frequent and rapid acceleration.• Instead of using the brake to slow down,

move your foot off the accelerator.Whenever Model S is moving and yourfoot is off the accelerator, regenerativebraking slows down Model S and feedssurplus energy back to the Battery (see Regenerative Braking on page 53).

• Keep tires at the recommended inflationpressures (see Tire Care and Maintenanceon page 109).

• Lighten your load by removing anyunnecessary cargo.

• Limit the use of resources such as heatingand air conditioning. Using seat heaters tokeep warm is more efficient than heatingthe cabin. To automatically limit theamount of power that the climate controlsystem uses to maintain the temperatureof the Battery and the cabin area, touchControls > Driving > Range Mode > ON.

Note: On Dual Motor vehicles, you can turn onRange Mode only when acceleration is set toSport (if you change Acceleration to Insane,Range Mode automatically turns off).

The power meter on the instrument panel andthe Energy app (described next) providefeedback on energy usage. With thisfeedback, you will soon become familiar withhow driving habits and environmentalconditions impact how much energy Model Sis using.

Energy AppUse the energy app to view real-time andprojected energy usage. Choose from twotypes of charts:

• Consumption Chart: - display how muchenergy Model S has consumed over thepast 5, 15 or 30 miles (10, 25 or 50 kms).

• Trip Chart - If your Model S is equippedwith the navigation option, you can trackthe amount of energy being consumedwhile navigating to a destination. The grayline represents predicted usage and thegreen line represents actual usage. Touch

the zoom icon in the top right corner tochange the zoom level.

Note: The Trip Chart displays energy usageonly if you are currently navigating to adestination.

Note: In some situations, values and distanceson the Trip chart may be inaccurate. Forexample, when charging Model S during anactive navigation route. To resolveinaccuracies, cancel and reinitiate navigationto the destination.

Saving EnergyModel S has an energy-saving feature thatreduces the amount of energy beingconsumed when Model S is not in use. TouchControls > Displays > Energy Saving andchoose from the following options:

• OFF. All display systems remain poweredwhen Model S is not in use, providing themost responsive experience. More energyis consumed.

• NIGHTLY. Model S shifts to the energy-saving mode at night (10 pm to 5 am).

• ON. Significantly less energy is consumedwhenever Model S is not in use. The start-up time of the instrument panel andBluetooth could be slower.

• Always Connected. Preserves cellconnectivity when energy saving is active.This allows the mobile app to connect toModel S more quickly, and providesimmediate 3G internet access whenentering the car. Slightly more energy isconsumed.

Getting Maximum Range


Camera LocationModel S is equipped with a rear view cameralocated above the rear license plate.

Whenever you shift into Reverse, thetouchscreen displays the view from thecamera.

Note: If Model S is equipped with the optionalPark Assist feature, visual feedback from theparking sensors displays below the cameraimage. See Park Assist on page 66.

Warning: Never depend on the rear viewcamera to inform you if the area behindyou is free of objects and/or people whenreversing. The camera may not detectobjects or barriers that can potentiallycause damage or injury. In addition,several external factors can reduce theperformance of the camera, including adirty or obstructed lens. Therefore,depending on the rear view camera todetermine if Model S is approaching anobstruction can result in damage to thevehicle and/or objects, and canpotentially cause serious injury. Alwaysinspect the area with your own eyes.When reversing, perform shoulder checksand use all mirrors. Use the camera forguidance purposes only. It is not intendedto replace your own direct visual checksand is not a substitute for careful driving.

Cleaning the Camera

To ensure a clear picture, keep the cameralens clean, and free of obstructions. Removeany buildup of dirt by occasionally wiping thecamera lens with a soft damp cloth.

Caution: Do not use chemical-based orabrasive cleaners. Doing so can damagethe surface of the camera lens.

Rear View Camera

Driving 71

The Big Picture

The main components of the touchscreen are shown here. To manually control the brightness andcontrast, touch Controls > Displays. When set to Auto, the touchscreen changes between the Day(light background) and Night (dark background) setting depending on ambient lightingconditions.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending onvehicle options, software version and market region, your touchscreen may appear slightlydifferent.

Touchscreen Overview


1. Status bar

The top line displays provides shortcuts toCharging, HomeLink, Driver Profiles,vehicle information (the Tesla “T”),software updates, Bluetooth®, and Wi-Fisettings. The status symbols show outsidetemperature, network signal strength,Bluetooth, Wi-Fi settings, passengerairbag status, and time. If an alert icon(exclamation mark) is displayed, touch itto see warning messages that are ineffect.

Note: The airbag status symbol displaysonly when Model S is powered on.

2. Apps

There are several ways to display an appin the main viewing area:

• Tap the app’s icon to display it in thetop viewing area. If the app is alreadydisplayed, a second tap displays it infull-screen view (only some apps havea full-screen mode).

• Drag the app’s icon directly onto thetop or bottom viewing area.

• Touch and hold the app’s icon todisplay a popup that lets you choosewhether to display the app in the topor bottom of the main viewing area.

Media. See Media and Audio onpage 85.

Maps and Navigation (ifequipped). See Using Maps onpage 90.

Calendar. See Calendar on page93.

Energy. See Getting MaximumRange on page 70.

Web. Access the Internet usingthe web browser (if equipped).

Camera. Display the area behindModel S. This area also displaysautomatically whenever you shiftinto Reverse. See Rear ViewCamera on page 71.

Phone. See Phone on page 88.

3. Main viewing area

The main viewing area changesdepending on the app you have chosen(in the example, the Nav and Media appsare displayed). For some apps (such asNav and Web), you can zoom in and outusing standard touchscreen fingergestures.

4. Maximize/minimize app

Touch the small rectangle to expand theassociated app to fill the entire mainviewing area (some apps are notexpandable). Touch again to display twoapps in half-screen view.

5. Controls

Touch to access all Model S controls andsettings (doors, locks, lights, etc).

6. Climate controls (see Climate Controls onpage 80).

7. Volume control

Touch the up and down arrows toincrease or decrease the volume of thespeakers. You can also adjust the volumeusing the scroll wheel on the left side ofthe steering wheel.

8. Reverse the position of the two currentlydisplayed apps.

Warning: Paying attention to road andtraffic conditions must always be thedriver's highest priority. To ensure thesafety of vehicle occupants as well asother road users, using the touchscreenshould be done only when road andtraffic conditions permit.

Touchscreen Overview

Using the Touchscreen 73

Controlling Model S Features

Touch Controls on the bottom corner of the touchscreen to control and customize all mainfeatures of Model S.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending onvehicle options, software version and market region, the options available on the Controls screenmay be different.

Controls


1. Close

Touch the circled X in the top left cornerof a window to close it (or you can touchanywhere outside the window).

2. Sunroof

If Model S is equipped with a sunroof,touch to adjust its position (see Sunroofon page 15).

3. Suspension

If Model S is equipped with Smart AirSuspension, touch to manually raise orlower Model S, or to remove a previouslysaved auto-raising location (see Smart AirSuspension on page 83). Model S mustbe powered on and you must press thebrake pedal before you can changesuspension settings. Smart Air Suspensioncauses Model S to self-level, even whenpowered off. Therefore, when towing orlifting, you must disable self-leveling (see Instructions for Transporters on page 150and Jacking and Lifting on page 132).

4. Driving

• Steering mode

Adjust the amount of effort requiredto turn the steering wheel. Sport feelsmore responsive whereas Comfortfeels easier to drive and park (see Steering Wheel on page 37).

• Acceleration (Dual Motor vehiclesonly)

Choose an acceleration level. Sport isthe standard level of acceleration andallows you to maximize driving range(see the Range Mode setting below).Choose Insane if you want to increasepeak torque by approximately 50 percent. If you choose Insane, the Rangemode setting, if on, automaticallyturns off.

• Creep

When on, Model S slowly movesforward when in Drive and backwardin Reverse when you release the brake(similar to a conventional vehicle withan automatic transmission). You canadjust this setting only when Model Sis in Park.

• Traction Control

To allow the wheels to spin on astandard single motor Model S, youcan turn off traction control. On a dualmotor Model S, you can enable SlipStart. If you turn off Traction Control(or enable Slip Start), a warningmessage displays on the instrumentpanel. Traction control turns off forthe current drive only. On dual motorvehicles, traction control isautomatically turned on again whenthe speed exceeds 40 mph(64 km/h). See Traction Control onpage 54.

• Regenerative braking

When you release the acceleratorwhen driving, regenerative brakingslows Model S and feeds any surplusenergy back to the Battery. If set toLow, Model S does not slow down asquickly, but you may experience lessrange (see Regenerative Braking onpage 53).

Note: Regardless of the setting, theenergy gained by regenerativebraking is reduced if the Battery isfull, or if it is extremely cold or hot(the surplus energy is used to heat orcool the Battery).

• Range Mode

If on, Model S conserves energy bylimiting the power of the climatecontrol system. Cabin heating andcooling may be less effective, but seatheaters turn on to compensate. InDual Motor vehicles, Range Mode canbe turned on only when accelerationis set to Sport (see above).

5. Cold Weather

If Model S is equipped with the coldweather option, you can control all seatheaters as well as the heated wipers andsteering wheel. Heaters that are turned onare displayed in red. To turn off all seatheaters, touch All Off. Note that you canalso control the front driver andpassenger seats using the main climatecontrol panel located on the bottom ofthe touchscreen (see Climate Controls onpage 80).

6. Trips

View and reset the trip meters thatsummarize how far you have driven (see Trip Information on page 69).

7. Displays

Controls


Manually control the touchscreen’sbrightness and control its day (lightbackground) or night (dark background)setting. When set to Auto, thetouchscreen automatically changesbetween Day and Night brightnessdepending on the ambient lightingconditions. To disable the touchscreenmomentarily for cleaning purposes, touchClean Mode. You can also put Model Sinto an energy saving mode so itconsumes less energy when not in use(see Getting Maximum Range on page70). Note that the Displays settings canalso be accessed from the Settings screen.

8. E-Brake & Power Off

You can manually:

• Apply and release the parking brake(see Parking Brake on page 53).

• Power off (see Powering Off on page41).

9. Doors & Locks (see Using Interior DoorHandles on page 6)

10. Lights (see Lights on page 47)

Warning: Do not read the touchscreenwhile driving. Doing so increases thelikelihood of a collision. Everything youneed to know when driving is displayedon the instrument panel.

Controls


Customizing Model S

Touch the Settings tab on the Controls window to adjust Model S to suit your preferences.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending onvehicle options, software version, and market region, the options available on the Settings screenmay be different. For example, in many regions, the “Language & Units” tab is called “Units &Format.”

Settings


1. Adjust settings associated with installedapps (applications). Settings associatedwith apps that are either unavailable onyour Model , or have no settings that youcan adjust at this time, are grayed out.

2. Manage driver profiles (see Driver Profileson page 36).

3. Units & Format

Adjust how Model S displays:

• Distance: Miles or km can be shownon the range display, speedometer,energy chart, trip meters, Google mapsearches and navigation routes.

• Time Format: 12 or 24 hour.• Temperature: oC or oF.• Energy & Charging: Display remaining

energy and charging units as either apercentage of battery energyremaining, or as an estimate of thedistance that you can drive. When youchoose Distance, you can displaymileage based on either:

• Rated - based on EPA testing.• Ideal - assumes ideal driving

conditions based on driving at asteady speed of 55 mph(89 km/h) on a flat road, andusing no additional energy (seatheaters, air conditioning, etc).

Note: When anticipating when youneed to charge, use range estimatesas a general guideline only.

4. Vehicle

• Drive-away Door Lock: If on, all doorsautomatically lock whenever youdrive Model S over 5 mph (8 km/h)(see Drive-away Locking on page 7).

• Walk-away Door Lock: If on, all doorsautomatically lock when you walkaway from Model S, carrying the keywith you (see Walk-away Locking onpage 7). Available only if Model S isequipped with the optional techpackage.

• Child-Protection Lock: If on, safetylocks prevent the rear doors and theliftgate from being opened frominside Model S.

• Auto-Present Handles: If on, doorhandles extend automaticallywhenever you approach Model Scarrying a key, whether locked orunlocked (see Using Exterior DoorHandles on page 6). Note that topreserve battery life, Model isdesigned to temporarily disable theAuto-Present Handles feature whenthe key has been out of range formore than 48 hours, or if the keyremains within range for five minutesafter all doors have been closed.

• Headlights After Exit: If on, headlightsstay on for two minutes after you exit,or until you lock Model S (see Headlights After Exit on page 50).

• Mirror Auto-Tilt: If on, exterior mirrorstilt downward when reversing (see Mirrors on page 40). Available only ifModel S is equipped with the optionaltech package.

• Mirror Auto-Fold: If on, exteriormirrors fold when you lock Model Swith the key or walk-away locking.They extend automatically when youreturn to Model S. Available only ifModel S is equipped with both foldingmirrors (newer models) and theoptional tech package. For newerModel S vehicles, you can also foldmirrors manually by touching thecenter mirror control button (see Mirrors on page 40).

• Ionizer: If on, the air ionizer freshensthe air in the cabin.

• Smart Preconditioning: If on, Model Spredicts your driving schedule andadjusts the temperature of the cabinand the Battery so the vehicle iscomfortable and ready to drive. Itmay take some time for Model S tolearn your driving habits.

5. Safety & Security

Turn various safety and security featureson and off:

• Active safety devices Model S isequipped with, such as Park AssistChimes (see Park Assist on page 66).

• Alarm, and security options Model S isequipped with (see Security Settingson page 95).

• Remote access by Tesla’s mobileapplications (see Mobile App on page100).

6. Displays

Settings


Manually control the touchscreen’sbrightness and control its day (lightbackground) or night (dark background)setting. When set to Auto, thetouchscreen automatically changesbetween Day and Night brightnessdepending on the ambient lightingconditions. To disable the touchscreenmomentarily for cleaning purposes, touchClean Mode. You can also put Model Sinto an energy saving mode so itconsumes less energy when not in use(see Getting Maximum Range on page70). Note that the Displays settings canalso be accessed from the Controlswindow.

7. HomeLink

If the HomeLink feature is available inyour region, use it to control RF-enabledgarage doors, lights, or security systems(see HomeLink® Universal Transceiver onpage 96).

8. Driver Assistance

If your vehicle is equipped with DriverAssistance features, you can controlfeatures that can provide a safer drivingexperience

• Lane Departure Warning: If on, thesteering wheel vibrates if a frontwheel passes over a lane marking andthe associated turn signal is off (see Lane Departure Warning on page 57).

• Overtake Acceleration: If on whenTraffic-Aware Cruise Control isoperating, Model S accelerates whenyou engage the turn signal to indicatea move into the passing lane (see Traffic-Aware Cruise Control on page60).

• Speed Assist: Control how speedlimits are determined and howwarnings are issued when you exceedthe speed limit (see Speed Assist onpage 55).

• Forward Collision Warning: Controlwhen warnings display on theinstrument panel if Model S detects avehicle, bike, or pedestrian ahead anda collision is considered likely unlessyou take immediate corrective action(see Forward Collision Warning onpage 58).

9. Service & Reset

Turn various service-related features onand off:

• Service Mode: If on, moves wiperblades to the service position to makethem easier to access when replacingthem. Model S must be in Park. See Wiper Blades and Washer Jets onpage 121.

• Tire Pressure Monitor: Touch ResetSensors to reset the TPMS sensorsafter replacing a wheel (see Resettingthe TPMS Sensors on page 113).

• Tow Mode: Activate Tow Mode tokeep Model S in Neutral (see LeavingModel S in Neutral - Tow Mode onpage 42).

• Factory Reset: Touch Erase & Reset toerase all personal data (savedaddresses, music favorites, etc.) andrestore all customized settings totheir factory defaults.

10. Manual

Display this owners manual.

Warning: Do not read the touchscreenwhile driving. Doing so increases thelikelihood of a collision.

Naming Model S

To further personalize your Model S, you canname it. The name you give your Model S willappear in the mobile app. To name yourModel S, touch the Tesla “T” at the top centerof the touchscreen, then touch Name YourVehicle.

When you save, Name Your Vehicle isreplaced by the name you provided. You cantouch the name at any time to rename yourModel S.

Erasing Personal DataYou can erase all personal data (savedaddresses, music favorites, imported contacts,HomeLink programming, etc.) and restore allcustomized settings to their factory defaults.This is useful when transferring ownership ofModel S. Touch Settings > Service & Reset >Factory Reset > Erase & Reset. Before erasing,Model S verifies your credentials byprompting you to enter the user name andpassword associated with your MY TESLAaccount.

Settings


Overview of Climate Controls

The climate controls are always available at the bottom of the touchscreen. By default, climatecontrol is set to Auto On, which maintains optimum comfort in all but the most severe weatherconditions. When you adjust the temperature, the system automatically adjusts the heating, airconditioning, air distribution, air circulation, and fan speed to maintain your selected temperature.To override these settings, touch Auto On (see Customizing Climate Control on page 81).

The fan, heating, and air conditioning systems are powered by the Battery. Therefore, prolongeduse decreases driving range.

Note: The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only. Depending onvehicle options, software version, market region, and settings, the information displayed may beslightly different.

1. The front seats are equipped with heatingpads that operate at three levels from 3(highest) to 1 (lowest).

When operating, the indicator turns redand displays the setting number.

Note: If Model S is equipped with theoptional cold weather package, you canalso control seat heaters in the rear seatsas well as heated wipers by touchingControls > Cold Weather (see Controls onpage 74). When equipped with executiveseats, you can control the seat and thebackrest separately in each second rowpassenger seat.

2. Touch the up or down arrow to set thecabin temperature (from LO, 63° F toHI, 90° F/LO, 17° C to HI, 32° C). To applya temperature setting to both the driverand passenger side at the same time,touch SYNC TEMP on the temperaturepopup that appears when you touch anarrow.

3. Automatic/Manual climate control (see Customizing Climate Control on page81).

4. The windshield defroster distributes airflow to the windshield and operates theheating and fan at their maximum level.Touch once for Normal Defrost and twicefor Max Defrost. When on, touch again toturn off and restore the air distribution,heating, and fan to their previous settings.

5. Turn climate control system on/off.6. The rear window defroster warms up the

rear window* for 15 minutes, thenautomatically shuts off.

*If Model S is equipped with the optionaltech package, exterior side mirrors arealso heated.

Warning: To avoid burns resulting fromprolonged use, individuals who haveperipheral neuropathy, or whose capacityto feel pain is limited because of diabetes,age, neurological injury, or some othercondition, should exercise caution whenusing the climate control system and seatheaters.

Climate Controls


Customizing Climate Control

The climate control system is designed to automatically provide optimum comfort in mostsituations. All you need to do is set the desired temperature, and the air conditioning, airrecirculation, air distribution, and fan speed automatically maintain your selected temperature.

To override the automatic setting, touch AUTO ON to view the individual settings. Then touch thesetting you want to change. When you change a setting, the AUTO ON icon turns from blue togray and RESET AUTO displays instead.

1. Touch RESET AUTO to change all settingsback to the their default values.

2. Touch A/C ON or A/C OFF to turn the airconditioning on and off, respectively.Turning it off reduces cooling, but savesenergy.

Because Model S runs much quieter than agasoline-powered vehicle, you may noticethe sound of the compressor as it isoperating. To minimize noise, reduce thefan speed or recirculate the air.

3. Choose how air is drawn into Model S:

Outside air is drawn intoModel S (see Ventilation onpage 82). Although lessefficient than recirculating theair in very hot or low climateconditions, this setting drawsmore air into the rear seatingareas, and is recommendedwhen occupants are seated inthe Tesla built-in rear facingchild seats.

Air inside Model S isrecirculated. This preventsoutside air (traffic fumes) fromentering but reducesdehumidifying and coolingperformance. Recirculating theair is the most efficient way tocool the front cabin area but itis also the loudest. To preventthe windshield from fogging insome conditions, briefly changethe setting every hour to drawin outside air.

4. Choose where air flows into the cabin.You can choose more than one location:

Foot-level vents

Face-level vents

Windshield vents

5. Drag the slider to set the speed of the fan.

Climate Controls


VentilationOutside air is drawn into Model S through thegrill in front of the windshield. Keep the grillclear of obstructions such as leaves and snow.

To direct the flow of air inside Model S, movethe interior vents up, down, or from side toside.

Note: You can direct the outer face level ventstoward the side windows to help defrost ordefog them.

Cabin Air Filter

Model S has an air filter that prevents pollen,industrial fallout, road dust and other particlesfrom entering through the vents. Teslareplaces the air filter at the regularlyscheduled maintenance intervals of every12 months, or every 12,500 miles (20,000 km).

Climate Control Operating Tips• To conserve energy, you can limit the

power of the climate control system byturning on Range Mode. Cabin heatingand cooling may be less effective, butseat heaters turn on to compensate.Touch Controls > Driving > Range Mode.

• If the climate control system operatesmore loudly than you prefer, reduce thefan speed or adjust the air flow to draw inoutside air (instead of recirculating).

• In addition to cooling the interior, the airconditioning system also cools theBattery. Therefore, in hot weather, the airconditioning system can turn on even ifyou turned it off. This is normal becausethe system’s priority is to cool the Batteryto ensure it stays within an optimumtemperature range to support long lifeand optimum performance.

• To ensure the climate control systemoperates efficiently, close all windows andensure that the exterior grill in front of thewindshield is free of ice, snow, leaves, andother debris.

• To reduce the time it takes to reach acomfortable temperature in hot weather,drive with the windows slightly open for afew minutes when you first start driving.

• In very humid conditions, it is normal forthe windshield to fog slightly when youfirst turn on the air conditioning. This fogclears within a few seconds.

• It is normal for a small pool of water toform under Model S when parked. Extrawater produced by the dehumidifyingprocess is drained underneath.

Climate Controls


Note: If Model S is equipped with Smart AirSuspension, you may hear the sound of thecompressor when Model S starts, as thesystem’s reservoir fills with air.

Smart Air Suspension has both manual andautomatic modes of operation.

Manual Height AdjustmentsCaution: Before adjusting the suspensionheight, ensure Model S is clear of allobstacles, above and below.

Manually raising the height of Model S isuseful when you need extra ground clearance,such as steep driveways or ramps, deep snow,speed bumps, etc.

With Model S powered on, or the brake pedalpressed, use the touchscreen to manuallychange the ride height. Touch Controls >Suspension, then choose from:

• Very High. When set to Very High, thesuspension automatically lowers to Highwhen driving speed reaches 22 mph(35 km/h).

• High. When set to High, the suspensionautomatically lowers to Standard whendriving speed reaches 34 mph (55 km/h).

• Standard. The Standard setting ensuresoptimum comfort and handling under allloading conditions.

• Low. Lowering the height can make iteasier to load or unload cargo andpassengers.

Note: Available settings depend on yourdriving speed and other conditions. For

example, the suspension does not lower if adoor is open.

Location-Based SuspensionLocation-Based suspension saves you frommanually having to raise the suspension everytime you arrive at a frequently-used locationwhere a higher suspension is needed (steepdriveways or ramps, deep snow, speedbumps, etc).

Whenever you raise the suspension to High orVery High, Model S saves the location. Astatus message displays to indicate that anauto-raising location is being saved:

Then, when you return to the saved location,Model S raises the suspension and theinstrument panel displays this message:

Note:

• To raise the suspension to High, you mustbe driving slower than 34 mph (55 km/h).To raise it to Very High, you must bedriving slower than 22 mph (35 km/h). Ifyou are driving faster than these speedswhen returning to a saved location, thesuspension does not raise until Model Sslows down.

• After leaving a saved location, thesuspension may not lower based on anautomatic lowering speed that you haveset (Controls > Suspension > Automatic

Smart Air Suspension


Lowering) until you are driving faster thanthe auto-raising speed thresholdsdescribed above.

• If Model S reaches a saved location andthe existing suspension setting is higherthan the level that has been saved for thatlocation, the suspension is not adjusted.

To remove an auto-raising location

If you do not want the suspension to auto-raise at a saved location, touch the X in thetouchscreen message that displays at a savedlocation. Doing so removes the auto-raiselocation and the suspension no longer raisesautomatically when you arrive at the location.

Note: Manually lowering the suspension toStandard or Low while at a saved location alsoremoves the auto-raising location.

Automatic LoweringWhen Model S is moving above typicaldriveway or parking lot speeds, Smart AirSuspension automatically lowers ride heightto improve aerodynamics and handling. Formost average speed driving, the suspension isautomatically set to Standard. As describedabove, when you make manual heightadjustments, the suspension automaticallylowers at increased driving speeds.

When carrying loads, Smart Air Suspensionalso maintains a level height between thefront and rear.

You can adjust the speed at which the AirSuspension automatically transitions to theLOW ride height by touching Controls >Suspension > Automatic Lowering on thetouchscreen. This setting is saved to yourDriver Profile.

Note: You can temporarily override the rideheight by pressing the brake pedal, touchingan air suspension control in Controls >Suspension, and then manually choosing aride height. Your suspension's automaticlowering setting is restored the next time youdrive.

If a fault is detected with the airsuspension system, a yellowindicator lights up on the instrumentpanel. If the problem persists,contact Tesla.

Jack ModeBefore jacking or lifting, set the suspension toJack mode to prevent the self-leveling thatoccurs even when Model S is powered off.

Press the brake pedal, then touch Controls >Suspension > Jack.

When Model S is in Jack mode, a redair suspension indicator lights up onthe instrument panel.

To deactivate, touch Jack again.

Note: Jack mode automatically cancels whenyou drive over 4.5 mph (7 km/h).

Smart Air Suspension


OverviewTouch the Media icon to listen to the radio orplay audio files. The touchscreen displays theMedia Player. Media Player has two tabs. Usethe Browse tab to select what you want toplay and use the Now Playing tab to view andcontrol what is currently playing. You can playAM and FM radio (including HD), and XMsatellite radio (if Model S is equipped with theoptional sound package). You can also playInternet radio (such as TuneIn), and audio filesfrom a Bluetooth-connected device or a USB-connected flash drive.

To adjust the media volume, roll the scrollwheel on the left side of the steering wheel upor down. To mute the volume, tap the wheel.

AM and FM RadioModel S provides AM and FM radio services.These can be selected from the Browse tab orusing the Source Picker, located in the upperright corner of the Media Player window.

You can manually tune the radio to anyfrequency by touching and dragging thechannel selector bar on the Now Playingscreen. The channel selector bar allows you tomove from one available radio station to thenext.

XM RadioIf Model S is equipped with the optional soundstudio package, you can listen to XM radio, asubscription-based satellite radio service. Toreceive XM radio channels, you must providethe radio service provider with the radio ID foryour touchscreen.

To view the radio ID:

1. Select the XM radio source.2. Tune it to channel 0.3. The Radio ID displays in the station

information area.

To select an XM radio channel, you can eithermanually scroll through the channel numbers,or you can browse the channels by category.To browse by category, touch Browse >Radio > XM Satellite Radio.

Note: On newer models, XM radio is availableonly if Model S is equipped with both theoptional sound studio package and thepanoramic roof. To optimize aerodynamics,Model S does not have an external antenna.The internal antenna is compatible only withthe transparent panoramic roof.

Internet RadioInternet radio services are accessed over adata connection. To use Internet radio, touchMedia > Browse > Internet.

Choose your desired Internet radio service(for example, TuneIn), then browse throughthe available categories and/or stations. Whenyou select a specific station or episode, MediaPlayer starts playing it and displays the NowPlaying screen.

To play the next (and in some cases previous)available station, episode, or track beingprovided by the Internet radio service, touchthe arrows on the Now Playing screen, or usethe buttons on the left side of the steeringwheel (see Using Left Steering Wheel Buttonson page 37). The exact function of thesecontrols vary depending on the specificInternet service you are listening to.

You can also use voice commands to play aspecific song, artist, or album from an Internetradio service. For details, see Using VoiceCommands on page 38.

Internet Radio Account Registration

Model S provides you with one or moreInternet radio services. To enter your log ininformation, touch Controls > Settings >Apps > Media Player. Enter the email andpassword associated with the Internet radioaccount(s) you want to use, then touch LogIn.

Slacker

You can use your own Slacker account or theone that Tesla has already set up for you. Touse your own account, log in as describedabove.

Note: If you have a Slacker Premium account,you can shuffle tracks in a playlist or repeatany track using the shuffle/repeat iconsdisplayed below the album cover art on theNow Playing tab.

TuneIn

TuneIn does not require an account for it towork. But if you have a TuneIn account (go towww.tunein.com), you can log in as describedabove.

When playing a TuneIn podcast, you canrewind or fast forward to any location in thepodcast by dragging the slider bar on theNow Playing tab.

Media and Audio


Media SettingsTo adjust settings for your radio stations, andto log into your Internet radio account(s),touch Controls > Settings > Apps > MediaPlayer.

Favorites

To add a currently playing radiostation or audio file to your Favoriteslist, touch the Favorites icon on theNow Playing screen. The icon turnsblue to show that it is a favorite. Toremove a favorite, touch the iconagain.

Note: Adding a radio station to your Favoriteslist also assigns it to one of the six presets, ifan empty preset is available.

Note: To select a favorite radio station oraudio file, you can browse your list ofFavorites by touching Browse > Favorites. Asshown below, the Favorites are sorted by theirsource.

To play the previous or next song or station inyour Favorites list, touch the previous or nexticon on the Now Playing screen, or use thebuttons on the left side of the steering wheel(see Using Left Steering Wheel Buttons onpage 37).

To remove a favorite from the list, touch theassociated X.

Note: If you remove a favorite radio station orchannel that is assigned to a preset, it is alsoremoved from the preset.

My Music & DevicesTo play audio files from a USB-connectedflash drive or a Bluetooth-connected device,touch Media > Browse > My Music & Devices.The name of the device will be displayed.Touch the song, album, or playlist you want toplay and Media Player starts playing anddisplays the Now Playing screen.

To play the next song in the selected playlistor album, touch the previous or next arrowson the Now Playing tab, or use the buttons onthe left side of the steering wheel (see UsingLeft Steering Wheel Buttons on page 37). Youcan also shuffle tracks in a playlist or repeatany track using the shuffle/repeat iconsdisplayed below the album cover art.

USB Connected Flash Drives

Connect a flash drive to one of the USBconnections (see USB Connections on page87). Touch Media > Browse > My Music &Devices, then touch the name of the flashdrive and the song you want to play.

Note: To play media from a USB connection,Model S recognizes flash drives only. To playmedia from other types of devices (such as aniPod), connect using Bluetooth (if supportedby the device).

Bluetooth® Connected Devices

If you have a Bluetooth-capable device suchas a phone, that is paired and connected toModel S (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone onpage 88), you can play audio files stored onit, and you can stream a music service (forexample, Pandora or Spotify). Touch Media >Browse > My Music & Devices, then touch thename of your Bluetooth-connected device.

Your Bluetooth device begins playing theaudio file that was currently active on yourdevice, and the touchscreen displays the NowPlaying screen.

To change the track playing, touch theprevious or next icons on the touchscreen, oruse the buttons on the left side of the steeringwheel.

Note: To play media from a Bluetooth-connected device, ensure that access to thedevice’s media is turned on. See Phone onpage 88.

Media and Audio


USB ConnectionsYour Model S has two USB connectionslocated on the front of the center console thatyou can use to connect USB devices. You canalso use these connections to charge USBdevices.

To play audio files stored on a connected USBdrive, see My Music & Devices on page 86.

Note: Do not connect multiple devices using aUSB hub. This can prevent connected devicesfrom charging or from being recognized bythe touchscreen.

12V Power SocketYour Model S has a power socket located onthe front of the center console. Power fromthe socket is available whenever theinstrument panel and touchscreen are on.

The 12V power socket is suitable foraccessories requiring up to 15A or a maximumof 180 watts.

Note: In situations where Model S is unable todetect the key (low battery, interference, etc),place it immediately below the 12V powersocket where Model S can best detect it.

Warning: The power socket and anaccessory’s connector can become hot.

Media and Audio


Bluetooth® CompatibilityYou can use your Bluetooth-capable phonehands-free in Model S provided your phone iswithin operating range. Although Bluetoothtypically supports wireless communicationover distances of up to approximately 30 feet(9 meters), performance can vary based onthe phone you are using.

Before using your phone with Model S, youmust pair it. Pairing sets up Model S to workwith your Bluetooth-capable phone (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phone on page 88).

You can pair up to ten Bluetooth phones.Model S always automatically connects to thelast phone that was used (provided it is withinrange). If you want to connect to a differentphone, see Connecting to a Paired Phone onpage 89.

Note: On many phones, Bluetooth turns off ifthe phone’s battery is low.

Note: In addition to phones, you can also pairBluetooth-enabled devices with Model S. Forexample, you can pair an iPod Touch or aniPad or Android tablet to stream music.

Pairing a Bluetooth PhonePairing sets up Model S to work with yourBluetooth-capable phone. Once a phone ispaired, Model S can connect to it wheneverthe phone is within range.

To pair a phone, follow these steps whilesitting inside Model S:

1. Ensure both the touchscreen and thephone are powered on.

2. On the touchscreen’s status bar, touch theBluetooth icon.

3. On your phone, enable Bluetooth and setit to discoverable.

4. On the Model S touchscreen, touch StartSearch. The touchscreen searches thendisplays the list of all available Bluetoothdevices within operating distance.

5. On the Model S touchscreen, touch thephone with which you want to pair. Withina few seconds, the touchscreen displays arandomly generated number, and yourphone should display the same number.

6. Check that the number displayed on yourphone matches the number displayed onthe touchscreen. Then, on your phone,confirm that you want to pair.

When paired, Model S automatically connectsto the phone, and the touchscreen displaysthe Bluetooth symbol next to the phone’sname to show that the connection is active.

Importing ContactsOnce paired, you can use the Bluetoothsettings screen to specify whether you wantto allow access to your phone’s contacts andrecent calls.

If access is turned on, you can see your list ofcontacts on the Model S touchscreen. TouchPhone > Contacts. You can then touch acontact to dial its phone number or navigateto its address.

Note: Before contacts can be imported, youmay need to either set your phone to allowsyncing, or respond to a popup on your phoneto confirm that it is OK to sync contacts. Thisvaries depending on the type of phone youare using. For details, refer to the ownerdocumentation provided with your phone.

If access is turned on, imported information isdisplayed when you touch the contacts tab onthe Phone app.

Unpairing a Bluetooth PhoneIf you want to disconnect your phone and useit again later, simply touch Disconnect on theBluetooth settings screen. If you do not wantto use your phone with Model S again, touchForget This Device. Once you forget a device,you need to pair it again if you want to use itwith Model S (see Pairing a Bluetooth Phoneon page 88).

Note: Your phone automatically disconnectswhenever you leave Model S.

Phone


Connecting to a Paired PhoneModel S automatically connects with the lastphone to which it was connected, provided itis within operating range and has Bluetoothturned on. If the last phone is not within range,it attempts to connect with the next phonethat it has been paired with.

To connect to a different phone, touch theBluetooth icon on the touchscreen's statusbar. The Bluetooth window displays a list ofpaired phones. Choose the phone you want toconnect to, then touch Connect. If the phoneyou want to connect to is not listed, follow theinstructions on Pairing a Bluetooth Phone onpage 88.

When connected, the Model S touchscreendisplays the Bluetooth symbol next to thephone name to show that the connection isactive.

Making a Phone CallYou can make a phone call by:

• Speaking a voice command. For details,see Using Voice Commands on page 38.

• Choosing a contact from your contact list(described above).

• Using the Model S on-screen dialer.

To make a phone call using the on-screendialer:

1. Touch the Phone app on the touchscreen,then touch Dialer.

2. Enter the phone number on the dialer.3. Touch Call. The touchscreen displays the

call screen and the number you arecalling.

To make a phone call by choosing a contact:

1. Touch the Phone app on the touchscreen,then touch Contacts.

Note: Ensure that access to the phone’scontacts is turned on.

2. Touch the name of the contact you wantto call to display details about thecontact.

3. Touch the number you want to dial (theremay be more than one). The touchscreendisplays the call screen and the name ofthe contact you are calling.

Note: If it is safe and legal to do so, you canalso initiate a call by dialing the number orselecting the contact directly from yourphone.

Receiving a Phone CallWhen your phone receives an incoming call,both the instrument panel and thetouchscreen display the caller’s number orname (if the caller is in your phone’s contactlist and Model S has access to your contacts).

Touch one of the options on the touchscreen,or use the scroll wheel on the right side of thesteering wheel to Answer or Ignore the call(see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons onpage 38).

In Call OptionsWhen a call is in progress, you can display thecall menu on the instrument panel by pressingthe top button on the right side of thesteering wheel. Then use the right scroll wheelto scroll through and choose an option (see Using Right Steering Wheel Buttons on page38).

Phone


OverviewTouch the Map (or Nav) icon to view andsearch for a location on Google MapsTM. IfModel S is equipped with the navigationoption, the app is labeled Nav and onboardmaps are available. Onboard maps allow youto navigate to any location, even if a dataconnection is not available. When you specifya location, the touchscreen displays the routeand provides turn-by-turn instructions. IfModel S is not equipped with the navigationoption, onboard maps are not available, but ifyou have a data connection, you can find anddisplay any location.

Using MapsTouch the search field, or speak a voicecommand to specify a location (for details onhow to use voice commands, see Using VoiceCommands on page 38). You can enter orspeak an address, landmark, business, etc. Youcan also touch PLACES and choose from a listof recent locations and searches, favoritedestinations, charging locations, and chargingstations you've visited. To mark a destinationas a Favorite, select its “pin” (from searchresults or “Recents”), and then touch the hearticon.

Touch the North/Heading Up icon to the rightof the search bar to center the map on yourcar and have the map track your position asyou drive. The icon is blue when the map istracking your position and by touching theicon, you can change the orientation of themap:

North Up - North is always at thetop of the screen.

Heading Up - The direction you areheading is always at the top of thescreen. The map rotates when youchange direction.

You can rotate the map in any direction.When you rotate the map you’ll notice theicon turn gray, indicating the map is no longertracking your position. Touch the icon againto track your position.

Whenever the map is in theHeading Up orientation (whereNorth is not at the top), a compassappears on the map. The arrow onthe compass points North and thetext on the compass indicates thedirection you are driving. You cantouch the compass to switch toNorth Up (described above).

Starting Navigation1. Touch the Nav icon to display the map.2. Touch the search bar to enter the

destination, then touch GO. You can alsouse voice commands to specify thedestination (for details, see Using VoiceCommands on page 38). If you have adata connection, you can start enteringthe destination, then choose one of theauto-complete entries that appear. Forexample, you can enter just the street,business name, or category (such ashotels, coffee, etc). If you don’t have adata connection, you must enter completeand exact location information.

A list of matching destinations appears onthe left, and their corresponding pins(with letters A, B, C, etc) appear on themap.

Note: You can also touch PLACES andchoose a location from the list of Recentlocations and searches, Favorite locations,Supercharger locations, or VisitedChargers.

3. Touch any destination in the list toimmediately start navigation, or touch thelettered pin on the map to view thedestination popup, which also allows youto place a phone call to the destination (insituations where a phone number isavailable).

Note: If you have set up your phone's calendarto work with Model S, and a calendar eventincludes a specific location, you are given theoption to navigate to the location (see Calendar on page 93.

Maps and Navigation


During NavigationDuring navigation, the touchscreen displaysthe navigation route on the map. Dependingon the map’s zoom level, you might not beable to see the entire route. But as you drive,the map shows your location on the map.Whenever a navigation route is active, youcan display an overview of the route bytouching the route overview icon:

The route overview icon isavailable on the right side of thesearch bar whenever a navigationroute is active. You can togglebetween North Up, Heading Upand Route Overview (see UsingMaps on page 90). As you travelon your navigation route, the zoomlevel adjusts to display an overviewof the route between your currentlocation and your destination.

The touchscreen also displays a turn-by-turndirection list that includes estimated drivingtime, arrival time, and an estimate of howmuch energy will remain when you arrive atyour destination (see Predicting Energy Usageon page 91).

During navigation, the instrument panel alsodisplays the turn-by-turn directions and youwill hear spoken instructions.

Model S detects real-time traffic conditionsand automatically adjusts the estimateddriving and arrival times based on trafficconditions. In situations where trafficconditions will delay your estimated time ofarrival and an alternate route is available,Model S reroutes you to your destination. Youcan turn this feature off by touchingControls > Settings > Apps > Maps &Navigation > Traffic-Based Routing > Off.

Note: Traffic-based navigation is a BETAfeature in Release 6.0.

When you display the traffic layer on the map,green traffic lines display under the route line,whereas yellow and red traffic lines display ontop of the route line to ensure that heavytraffic areas are easy to identify.

Model S can also monitor traffic to your worklocation (on weekday mornings) and to yourhome location (on weekday evenings) andadvise you if there is a better route insituations where traffic conditions will cause adelay. You can set the time savings requiredbefore the advice is given by touchingControls > Settings > Apps > Maps &Navigation > Min Improvement for CommuteAdvice.

Note: Commute advice is available only if youhave saved a Home and Work Location (see Favorite Destinations on page 92).

Predicting Energy Usage

When navigating to a destination, Model Shelps you anticipate your charging needs bycalculating the amount of energy that willremain when you reach your destination. Thecalculation is an estimate based on drivingand environmental factors such as predictedspeed and elevation changes. Thetouchscreen displays this calculation in thelower right corner of the turn-by-turndirection list.

Throughout your route, Model S monitorsenergy usage and updates the calculation asneeded. A popup warning displays above thecalculated amount advising you when:

• A yellow warning displays when youshould drive slowly to converse energy.Model S predicts that you will have verylittle energy remaining when you reachyour destination. For tips on conservingenergy, see Getting Maximum Range onpage 70.

• A red warning displays when you mustcharge Model S to reach your destination.

Model S also lets you know if you haveenough energy for a round trip. Tap thebattery icon at the bottom of the turn-by-turnnavigation list to determine if Model S hasenough energy to get to your destination andthen return back to your starting point.

When navigating, the energy app displaysreal-time energy usage for the current trip.See Getting Maximum Range on page 70.

Maps and Navigation


Favorite Destinations

Add any destination to your list ofFavorites by either touching its flagwhile navigating to it, or bydisplaying it on the map thentouching its pin. Then, in the popupdialog that appears, touch theFavorites icon. When a destination ison your Favorites list, the icon isblue. To remove a favoritedestination, touch the Favorites iconagain.

If you frequently navigate to a destination,you may want to add it as a Favorite to avoidhaving to enter the location's name or addresseach time. When you add a destination as aFavorite, you can easily navigate to it bytouching PLACES, then selecting it from thelist of Favorites. The Favorites list hasplaceholders for your Home and Worklocations. In fact, Model S may prompt you tosave a current location as Home or Workbased on your usage pattern.

Updated MapsTo receive updated maps, periodicallyconnect Model S to a Wi-Fi network (see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page 98). Asupdated maps become available, they are sentto Model S over Wi-Fi only. The touchscreendisplays a message informing you when newmaps have been installed.

Maps and Navigation


OverviewNote: Calendar is a BETA feature in Release 6.0.

The Calendar app allows you to view your phone’s (iPhone or Android) calendar for the currentand next day. The Calendar app requires that:

• The Tesla Model S mobile app is running and you are logged in. When prompted on yourphone, you must grant calendar access to the mobile app. The mobile app can thenperiodically (and automatically) send calendar data from your phone to Model S. Also,whenever you display the mobile app on your phone, updated calendar data is sent toModel S.

• Your phone is connected to Model S via Bluetooth (for privacy reasons, calendar datadisplays only from a phone that is connected via Bluetooth).

• Remote access to Model S is turned on (touch Controls > Settings > Safety & Security >Remote Access > On).

• Both your phone and Model S have good connectivity.

When you enter Model S, the touchscreen can display a reminder of the day's events. You cancustomize if and when your calendar events are displayed by touching Controls > Settings >Apps > Calendar > Show Calendar Upon Entry.

To view scheduled events for the next 48 hours, choose the Calendar app from the maintouchscreen window. The Calendar app displays events in chronological order.

1. If the calendar event includes an address, a navigation arrow displays to indicate that you cantouch the address to navigate to the event's location (if your Model S is equipped with theNavigation option).

2. If the calendar event includes a phone number, you can touch the number to initiate a phonecall.

3. In situations where events are displayed from multiple calendars, you can filter to show onlyevents from one or more specific calendars.

4. If the calendar event has notes associated with it, touch the information icon to display thenotes in a pop up window.

Calendar


5. If an event's notes include one or more phone numbers, a phone symbol displays with theinformation icon and the first phone number found in the notes is shown on the event list andyou can use this number to initiate a phone call (as described in item 2 above). But you canalso initiate a call from within the notes pop up window by referencing other numbers thatare included in the notes (this is particularly useful for conference calls). If the notes contain aweb link, you can touch the link to open it in the Web Browser app.

Calendar and NavigationIf Model S is equipped with the navigation feature, and a calendar event has a location specified,you will be given the option to navigate to that location. Also, when an event on your Calendartakes place within the next hour and has a uniquely specified location, the Model S navigationsystem notifies you if there is a better route due to traffic, even if you’re not using navigation.

Calendar


About the Security SystemIf Model S does not detect a key nearby and alocked door or trunk is opened, an alarmsounds and headlights and turn signals flash.To deactivate the alarm, press any button onthe key.

To manually enable or disable the alarmsystem, touch Controls > Settings > Safety &Security > Alarm. When set to on, Model Sactivates its alarm one minute after the doorslock and a recognized key is no longerdetected nearby.

Security Settings


About HomeLinkIf Model S is equipped with the optional techpackage, you can program the HomeLink®

Universal Transceiver to operate up to threegarage doors, gates, lights, and securitysystems that can transmit Radio Frequency(RF) signals.

Programming HomeLink1. Park Model S in front of the device you

want to program, and have the device’sremote control ready.

2. Touch Controls > Settings > HomeLink onthe touchscreen.

3. Touch Add New HomeLink, then use theonscreen keyboard to enter a name foryour HomeLink device.

4. Touch Program.5. Follow the onscreen instructions.

Once programmed, you can operate thedevice by touching its correspondingHomeLink icon on the touchscreen’s statusbar. HomeLink remembers the location ofyour programmed devices. When youapproach a known location, the HomeLinkcontrol on the touchscreen automaticallydrops down. When you drive away, itdisappears.

Note: For security reasons, erase yourHomeLink settings if you sell Model S.

Warning: Your device might open orclose during programming. Beforeprogramming, make sure that the deviceis clear of any people or objects.

Warning: Do not use the HomeLinkUniversal Transceiver with a garage doorthat does not meet safety standards. Agarage door opener that cannot detectan object in its path and thenautomatically stop and reverse, does notmeet these standards. Using a garagedoor opener without these featuresincreases the risk of injury or death.

Troubleshooting HomeLinkWhen programming a HomeLink device, thetouchscreen steps you through a two-partprogramming process:

• First, Model S records the signal from theremote. The touchscreen instructs you tostand in front of the car, point the remoteat the front bumper and press and holdthe button until the headlights flash.

When headlights flash, Model S haslearned the remote and you can touchContinue on the touchscreen . If theheadlights do not flash, refer to theguidelines below.

• Next, the device's receiver learns Model S.The touchscreen instructs you to pressthe LEARN button on the garage door orgate's receiver. If training the receiverdoes not work, refer to the guidelinesbelow.

NOTE: Only devices that are equippedwith a “rolling code” remote need to learnModel S. If you have a very old device thatis not equipped with a rolling coderemote, the device does not need to learnModel S and you can skip this part. Youcan also skip this step if your receiver isQuick-Train compatible. The openershould work.

Headlights do not flash

• Check the batteries in the remote. It is agood idea to replace the batteries beforeyou start programming.

• Hold the remote against the nose cone,with the button pressed, about 6 inches tothe left of the Tesla emblem. In somecases you must hold the remote for up tothree minutes.

• Check compatibility of the remote bycontacting the HomeLink manufacturer(www.homelink.com).

After programming, the device does not work

• Park Model S with its front bumper asclose as possible to the HomeLink device(garage door, gate, etc).

• Make sure you haven’t reached the devicereceiver's limit of learned remotes/cars.Most receivers can learn up to fiveremotes/cars. If the receiver's memory isfull, you must clear the memory andrestart the programming process. Forinstructions on how to clear the receiver'smemory, refer to the ownerdocumentation provided with theHomeLink device.

• Make sure you are pressing the receiver'sLEARN button. Most receivers have twobuttons and a LED. One button is a RESETbutton and the other is a LEARN button.Pressing the LEARN button usually causesthe LED to flash. For instructions on howto put the receiver into learning mode,refer to the owner documentationprovided with the HomeLink device.

HomeLink® Universal Transceiver


http://www.homelink.com

• Most devices stay in learning mode foronly three to five minutes. Immediatelyafter pressing the device's LEARN button,follow the instructions displayed on thetouchscreen.

HomeLink® Universal Transceiver


Wi-Fi is available as a data connectionmethod and is often faster than cellular datanetworks. Connecting to Wi-Fi is especiallyuseful in areas with limited or no cellularconnectivity. To ensure fast, reliable deliveryof Model S updates (see Software Updates onpage 99), Tesla recommends leaving Wi-Fiturned on and connected to a Wi-Fi network.To connect to a Wi-Fi network:

1. Touch the 3G icon in the touchscreenstatus bar. Model S will start scanning anddisplay the Wi-Fi networks that are withinrange.

2. Select the Wi-Fi network you want to use,enter the password (if necessary), thentouch Connect.

You can also connect to a hidden networkthat isn't shown on the list of scannednetworks. Just touch Wi-Fi Settings and enterthe name of the network in the resultingdialog box.

Once you have connected to a network,Model S auto-connects whenever the networkis within range. If more than one previouslyconnected network is within range, Model Sconnects to the one most recently used.

Note: You can also use a mobile hotspot oryour phone's Internet connection via Wi-Fitethering.

Note: At Tesla service centers, Model Sautomatically connects to a Tesla Service Wi-Fi access point.

Connecting to Wi-Fi


Loading New SoftwareModel S updates its software wirelessly,providing new features throughout your termof ownership. The first time you enter Model Safter an update is made available, ascheduling window displays on thetouchscreen.

Note: Some software updates can take fromtwo to three hours to complete. Model S mustbe in P (Park) when the new software is beinginstalled. To ensure the fastest and mostreliable delivery of software updates, leavethe Wi-Fi turned on and connected wheneverpossible (see Connecting to Wi-Fi on page98).

When a software update is available, a yellowclock icon appears on the touchscreen’sstatus bar.

1. Touch the up and down arrows to changethe time you want the update to begin (ifnecessary). Then touch Set For This Timeto schedule the update. Once scheduled,the yellow clock icon on the touchscreen’sstatus bar becomes white.

2. Touch Install Now to immediately start theupdate process.

You can reschedule the update any timebefore it begins. To do so, touch the clockicon on the touchscreen’s status bar to displaythe update window.

If Model S is charging when the softwareupdate begins, charging stops. Chargingresumes automatically when the update iscomplete. If you are driving Model S at thescheduled update time, the update is canceledand you need to reschedule.

If the touchscreen displays a messageindicating that a software update was notsuccessfully completed, contact Tesla.

Viewing Release NotesWhen a software update is complete, learnabout the new features by displaying therelease notes. To display release notes at anytime touch the Tesla “T” at the top center ofthe touchscreen, then touch Release Notes.

Software Updates


Model S Mobile AppThe Tesla Model S mobile app allows you tocommunicate with Model S remotely usingyour iPhone®or Android™ phone. With this app,you can:

• Check charging progress and receivenotifications when charging has started,has been interrupted, or is complete.

• Heat or cool Model S before driving (evenif it's in a garage).

• Locate Model S with directions, or trackits movement across a map.

• Flash lights or honk the horn to findModel S when parked.

• Vent or close the sunroof.• Lock or unlock Model S from afar.• Start Model S.• Support the Model S Calendar app by

allowing the mobile app to send yourphone's calendar data to Model S.

• Receive notifications when the car alarmhas been triggered, or a new Model Ssoftware update is available.

Simply download the Tesla Model S mobileapp to your phone and enter your MY TESLAlogin credentials. You must also ensure thatModel S is ready to communicate with themobile app by turning on its remote accesssetting. Touch Controls > Settings > Safety &Security > Remote Access > On (see Settingson page 77).

Mobile App


High Voltage Components

1. Battery2. DC-DC converter and junction box3. High voltage cabling (colored orange)4. 10 kW on-board master charger5. OPTIONAL: 10 kW on-board charger6. Charge port7. Drive unit

Warning: The high voltage system has nouser serviceable parts. Do notdisassemble, remove or replace highvoltage components, cables orconnectors. High voltage cables arecolored orange for easy identification.

Warning: Read and follow all instructionsprovided on the labels that are attachedto Model S. These labels are there foryour safety

Warning: In the unlikely event that a fireoccurs, immediately contact your localfire emergency responders.

Electric Vehicle Components

Charging 101

Charging EquipmentCharging equipment designed specifically tocharge your Model S is available from Tesla. ATesla Wall Connector, which installs in yourgarage, is the fastest way to charge Model Sat home.

In several market regions, Model S is equippedwith a Mobile Connector and the adapter(s)you need to plug into commonly used poweroutlets. When using the Mobile Connector,first plug the Mobile Connector into the poweroutlet, then plug in Model S. For moreinformation about your Mobile Connector, seethe Mobile Connector Owner’s Manual.Additional adapters can be purchased fromTesla.

Tesla also provides various types of adapters(including J1772, Mennekes Type 2, andCHAdeMO) that allow you to plug Model Sinto the most commonly used public chargingstations in your region. Connect the adapterto the charging station’s charge cable, openthe charge port door using the touchscreen(see Charging Model S on page 104), thenplug in Model S.

For more information on the chargingequipment available for your region, go towww.teslamotors.com, choose your region,then view the available charging options.

Electric Vehicle Components


About the BatteryModel S has one of the most sophisticatedbattery systems in the world. The mostimportant way to preserve the Battery is toLEAVE YOUR MODEL S PLUGGED IN whenyou are not using it. This is particularlyimportant if you are not planning to driveModel S for several weeks. When plugged in,Model S wakes up when needed toautomatically maintain a charge level thatmaximizes the lifetime of the Battery.

There is no advantage to waiting until theBattery’s level is low before charging. In fact,the Battery performs best when chargedregularly.

Note: If the Model S Battery becomescompletely discharged in a situation in whichtowing is required, the owner is responsiblefor towing expenses. Discharge-relatedtowing expenses are not covered under theRoadside Assistance policy.

Battery CareNever allow the Battery to fully discharge.Even when Model S is not being driven, itsBattery discharges very slowly to power theonboard electronics. On average, the Batterydischarges at a rate of 1% per day. Situationscan arise in which you must leave Model Sunplugged for an extended period of time (forexample, at an airport when traveling). Inthese situations, keep the 1% in mind to ensurethat you leave the Battery with a sufficientcharge level. For example, over a two weekperiod (14 days), the Battery discharges byapproximately 14%.

Discharging the Battery to 0% maypermanently damage the Battery. To protectagainst a complete discharge, Model S entersa low-power consumption mode when thecharge level drops to 5%. In this mode, theBattery stops supporting the onboardelectronics to slow the discharge rate toapproximately 4% per month. Once this low-power consumption mode is active, it isimportant to plug in Model S within twomonths to avoid Battery damage.

Note: When the low-power consumptionmode is active, the auxiliary 12V battery is nolonger being charged and can completelydischarge within 12 hours. In the unlikely eventthat this occurs, you may need to jump startor replace the 12V battery before you cancharge. In this situation, contact Tesla.

Temperature Limits

For better long-term performance, avoidexposing Model S to ambient temperaturesabove 140° F (60° C) or below -22° F (-30° C)for more than 24 hours at a time.

Energy Saving Feature

Model S has an energy-saving feature thatreduces the amount of energy beingconsumed when Model S is not in use. TouchControls > Displays > Energy Saving. For moreinformation on maximizing range and savingenergy, see Getting Maximum Range on page70.

Battery Warnings and Cautions

Warning: The Battery has no parts that anowner or a non-Tesla authorized servicetechnician can service. Under nocircumstances should you open ortamper with the Battery. Always contactTesla to arrange for Battery servicing.

Caution: If the Battery’s charge level fallsto 0%, you must plug it in. If you leave itunplugged for an extended period, it maynot be possible to charge Model S or usethe vehicle without jump starting orreplacing the 12V battery. LeavingModel S unplugged for an extendedperiod can also result in permanentBattery damage. If you are unable tocharge Model S, contact Teslaimmediately.

Caution: The Battery requires no ownermaintenance. Do not remove the filler capand do not add fluid. If the instrumentpanel warns you that the fluid level is low,contact Tesla immediately.

Battery Information

Charging 103

Opening the Charge PortThe charge port is located on the driver’s sideof Model S, behind a door that is part of therear tail light assembly.

Park Model S so that the charge cable easilyreaches the charge port.

With Model S unlocked, or a recognized keynearby, press and release the button on aTesla charge cable to open the charge portdoor. If the cable you are using does not havethis button, you can also open the charge portdoor using any of these methods:

• Touch Controls > Charge Port on thetouchscreen.

• Touch the battery icon at the top of thetouchscreen to display the Chargingscreen, then touch Open Charge Port.

• Hold down the rear trunk button on thekey for 1-2 seconds.

To charge at a public charging station, attachan adapter to the station’s chargingconnector. The most commonly usedadapter(s) for each market region aresupplied with Model S. Depending on thecharging equipment you are using, you mayneed to start and stop charging using acontrol on the charging equipment.

Note: The charge port lights up white whenyou open the charge port door. If you do notconnect a charge cable, the light eventuallyturns off.

Note: If you do not insert the charge cableinto the charge port within a few minutes afteropening the charge port door, the latchcloses. If this happens, use the touchscreen toopen the charge port door.

Caution: The connector end of the chargecable can damage the paint if droppedonto Model S.

Caution: Do not attempt to force thecharge port door open. Doing so candamage the latch. A damaged latchcannot hold the door closed.

Plugging InIf desired, use the touchscreen to change thecharge limit and the charging current.

If you are using the Mobile Connector, plug itinto the power outlet before plugging it intoModel S.

Align the connector to the charge port andinsert fully. When the connector is properlyinserted, charging begins automatically afterModel S:

• Engages a latch that holds the connectorin place.

• Shifts into Park (if it was in any othergear).

• Heats or cools the Battery, if needed. Ifthe Battery requires heating or cooling,you may notice a delay before chargingbegins.

Note: Whenever Model S is plugged in but notactively charging, it draws energy from thewall instead of using energy stored in theBattery. For example, if you are sitting inModel S and using the touchscreen while it’s isparked and plugged in, the energy being usedis drawn from the power outlet instead of theBattery.

Charging Model S


During ChargingDuring charging, the charge port pulses greenand charging status displays on theinstrument panel. The frequency at which thecharge port’s light pulses slows down as thecharge level approaches full. When charging iscomplete, the light stops pulsing and is solidgreen.

Note: If Model S is locked, the light around thecharge port does not light up.

If the light around the charge port lights upred while charging, a fault is detected. Checkthe instrument panel or touchscreen for amessage describing the fault. A fault canoccur due to something as common as apower outage. If a power outage occurs,charging resumes automatically when poweris restored.

Note: When charging, particularly at highcurrents, the refrigerant compressor and thefan operate as needed to keep the Batterycool. Therefore, it is normal to hear soundsduring charging.

Stopping ChargingYou can stop charging at any time bydisconnecting the charge cable or touchingStop Charging on the touchscreen.

To disconnect the charge cable:

1. Press and hold the button on a Teslaconnector to release the latch.

2. Pull the connector from the charge port.3. Push the charge port door closed.

Note: To prevent unauthorized unplugging ofthe charge cable, Model S must be unlockedor able to recognize a key before you candisconnect the charge cable.

Note: Model S stops charging whenever youdouble-click the key. If you do not unplugwithin 60 seconds, charging resumes.

Caution: Tesla strongly recommendsleaving Model S plugged in when not inuse. This maintains the Battery at theoptimum level of charge.

Charge Port Light

White The charge port door is open andModel S is ready to charge. Theconnector either hasn't beeninserted yet, or the latch isreleased and the connector isready to be removed.

SolidGreen

Charging is complete.

BlinkingGreen

Charging is in progress. As Model Sapproaches a full charge, thefrequency of the blinking is slower.

Blue Model S detects that a connectorhas been plugged in, but charginghas not started. Either Model S ispreparing to charge, or a chargingsession is scheduled to begin at aspecified future time.

SolidAmber

The connector is not fully pluggedin. Realign the connector to thecharge port and insert fully.

BlinkingAmber

Model S is charging at a reducedcurrent (AC charging only).

Red A fault is detected and charginghas stopped. Check the instrumentpanel or touchscreen for amessage describing the fault.

Charging Model S

Charging 105

Changing Charge SettingsThe charge settings screen displays on thetouchscreen whenever the charge port door isopen.

To display charge settings at any time, touchthe Battery icon on the top of thetouchscreen, or touch Controls > Charging(located in the upper right portion of theControls screen).

Note: The following illustration is provided fordemonstration purposes only and may varyslightly depending on the software versionand market region of your Model S.

1. Charge status messages (such asCharging Scheduled, Charging InProgress) display here.

2. To adjust the charge limit, touch SetCharge Limit, then drag the slider bar. Youcan charge to any level from 50% to 100%based on your driving needs. The settingyou choose applies to both immediateand scheduled charging sessions.

3. Location-specific schedule. With Model Sin Park, set a specific time when you wantModel S to begin charging at the currentlocation. If, at the scheduled time, Model Sis not plugged in at the location, it willstart charging as soon as you plug it in aslong as you are plugging it in within sixhours of the scheduled time. If you plug inafter six hours, Model S does not startcharging until the scheduled time on thenext day. To override this setting, touchStart Charging or Stop Charging (seeitem 4). When you set a scheduledcharging time, Model S displays the settime on the instrument panel and thetouchscreen.

4. Touch to open the charge port door or tostart (or stop) charging.

5. The current automatically sets to themaximum current available from theattached charge cable, unless it waspreviously reduced to a lower level.

If needed, touch the up/down arrows tochange the current (for example, you maywant to reduce the current if you areconcerned about overloading a domesticwiring circuit shared by other equipment).It is not possible to set the chargingcurrent to a level that exceeds themaximum available from the attachedcharge cable.

When you change the current, Model Sremembers the location. So if yousubsequently charge at the same location,you do not need to change it again.

Note: If Model S automatically reduced acharging location's current because offluctuations in input power (see the notein Charging Status on page 107), Teslarecommends charging at the lowercurrent until the underlying problem isresolved and the charging location canprovide consistent power.

Charging Model S


Charging Status

The following illustration is provided for demonstration purposes only and may vary slightlydepending on the software version and market region of your Model S.

1. Charging rate per hour.2. Total estimated driving distance (or

energy) available. Instead of drivingdistance as shown here, you can displaythe percentage of battery energyremaining. To do so, touch Controls >Settings > Units & Format > Energy &Charging.

Note: A portion of the battery image mayappear blue. This indicates that a smallportion of the energy stored in the batteryis not available on your drive because thebattery is cold. This is normal and noreason for concern. When the batterywarms up, the blue portion is no longerdisplayed.

3. Current being supplied/Total currentavailable from the connected powersupply (see Changing Charge Settings onpage 106).

4. Estimated increase in driving distance (orenergy) achieved so far in this chargingsession. Instead of driving distance asillustrated above, you can change settingsto display the amount of energy achieved.To do so, touch Controls > Settings >Units & Format > Energy & Charging.

5. Charging status information displays here.For example, if Model S is charging, itdisplays the time remaining until fullycharged at the currently selected chargelevel. When scheduled charging is set for

a location, it displays when charging willstart.

6. Voltage being supplied by the chargecable.

Note: If Model S is charging and detectsunexpected fluctuations in the input power, itautomatically reduces the charging current by25%. For example, a 40 amp current isreduced to 30 amps. This automatic currentreduction increases robustness and safety insituations when a problem exists outside ofModel S or its charging electronics. Forexample, a home wiring system, receptacle,adapter or cord is unable to meet its ratedcurrent capacity. When Model S automaticallyreduces a location's charging current, itretains the reduced current for that locationas a precaution. Although you can manuallyincrease it, Tesla recommends charging at thelower current until the underlying problem isresolved and the charging location canprovide consistent power.

Charging Model S

Charging 107

Service IntervalsRegular maintenance is the key to ensuringthe continued reliability and efficiency of yourModel S.

Rotate the tires every 5000 miles (8000 km),maintain the correct tire pressures, and takeModel S to Tesla at the regularly scheduledmaintenance intervals of every 12 months, orevery 12,500 miles (20,000 km), whichevercomes first. It is also important to perform thedaily and monthly checks described below.

Model S must be serviced by Tesla-certifiedtechnicians. Damages or failures caused bymaintenance or repairs performed by non-Tesla certified technicians are not covered bythe warranty.

Daily Checks• Check the Battery’s charge level,

displayed on the instrument panel.• Check that all exterior lights, horn, turn

signals, and wipers and washers areworking.

• Check the operation of the brakes,including the parking brake.

• Check the operation of the seat belts(see Seat Belts on page 20).

• Look for fluid deposits underneathModel S that might indicate a leak. It isnormal for a small pool of water to form(caused by the air conditioning system’sdehumidifying process).

Monthly Checks• Check the mileage to determine if the

tires need to be rotated (every5000 miles/8000 km), and check thecondition and pressure of each tire (see Tire Care and Maintenance on page 109).

• Check washer fluid level and top up ifnecessary (see Topping Up Washer Fluidon page 125).

• Check that the air conditioning system isoperating (see Climate Controls on page80).

Warning: Contact Tesla immediately ifyou notice any significant or sudden dropin fluid levels or uneven tire wear.

Fluid Replacement IntervalsDo not change or top up Battery coolant andbrake fluid yourself. Tesla service techniciansreplace fluids at the regularly scheduledservice intervals:

• Brake fluid. Every 2 years or 25,000 miles(40,000 km), whichever comes first.

• Battery coolant. Every 5 years or62,500 miles (100,000 km), whichevercomes first.

Note: Any damage from opening the Batterycoolant reservoir is excluded from thewarranty.

High Voltage SafetyYour Model S has been designed and builtwith safety as a priority. However, be aware ofthese precautions to protect yourself from therisk of injury inherent in all high-voltagesystems:

• Read and follow all instructions providedon the labels that are attached to Model S.These labels are there for your safety.

• The high voltage system has no user-serviceable parts. Do not disassemble,remove or replace high voltagecomponents, cables or connectors. Highvoltage cables are colored orange foreasy identification.

• If an accident occurs, do not touch anyhigh voltage wiring, connectors, orcomponents connected to the wiring.

• In the unlikely event that a fire occurs,immediately contact your local fireemergency responders.

Warning: Always disconnect the chargecable before working underneathModel S, even if charging is not inprogress.

Warning: Keep your hands and clothingaway from cooling fans. Some fansoperate even when Model S is poweredoff.

Caution: Some fluids (battery acid,Battery coolant, brake fluid, windshieldwasher additives, etc.) used in motorvehicles are poisonous and should not beinhaled, swallowed, or brought intocontact with open wounds. For yoursafety, always read and followinstructions printed on fluid containers.

Maintenance Schedule


Maintaining Tire PressuresKeep tires inflated to the pressures shown onthe Tire and Loading Information label, even ifit differs from the pressure printed on the tireitself. The Tire and Loading Information labelis located on the center door pillar and isvisible when the driver’s door is open.

The Tire Pressure indicator light onthe instrument panel alerts you ifone or more tires is under- or over-inflated.

The Tire Pressure indicator light does notimmediately turn off when you adjust tirepressure. After inflating the tire to therecommended pressure, you must drive over25 mph (40 km/h) for more than 10 minutesto activate the Tire Pressure MonitoringSystem (TPMS), which turns off the TirePressure indicator light.

If the indicator light flashes for one minutewhenever you power on Model S, a fault withthe Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) isdetected (see TPMS Malfunction on page113).

Checking and Adjusting Tire Pressures

Follow these steps when tires are cold andModel S has been stationary for over threehours:

1. Remove the valve cap.2. Firmly press an accurate tire pressure

gauge onto the valve to measurepressure.

3. If required, add air to reach therecommended pressure.

4. Re-check pressure by removing and re-attaching the tire gauge.

5. If you added too much air, release air bypressing the metal stem in the center ofthe valve.

6. Recheck the pressure with the tire gaugeand adjust if necessary.

7. Replace the valve cap to prevent dirt fromentering. Periodically check the valve fordamage and leaks.

Warning: Under-inflation is the mostcommon cause of tire failures and cancause a tire to overheat, resulting insevere tire cracking, tread separation, orblowout, which causes unexpected loss ofvehicle control and increased risk ofinjury. Under-inflation also reducesBattery range and tire tread life.

Warning: Check tire pressures using anaccurate pressure gauge when tires arecold. It takes only about one mile (1.6 km)of driving to warm up the tires sufficientlyto affect tire pressures. Parking thevehicle in direct sunlight or in hotweather can also affect tire pressures. Ifyou must check warm tires, expectincreased pressures. Do not let air out ofwarm tires in an attempt to matchrecommended cold tire pressures. A hottire at or below the recommended coldtire inflation pressure is dangerouslyunder-inflated.

Warning: Do not use any tire sealantother than the type provided in a Teslatire repair kit. Other types can cause tirepressure sensors to malfunction. If yourModel S did not include a tire repair kit,you can purchase one from Tesla Motors.

Tire Care and Maintenance

Maintenance 109

Inspecting and Maintaining TiresRegularly inspect the tread and side walls forany sign of distortion (bulges), cuts or wear.

Warning: Do not drive Model S if a tire isdamaged, excessively worn, or inflated toan incorrect pressure. Check tiresregularly for wear, and ensure there areno cuts, bulges or exposure of the ply/cord structure.

Tire Wear

Adequate tread depth is important for propertire performance. Tires with a tread depth lessthan 4/32” (3 mm) are more likely tohydroplane in wet conditions and should notbe used. Tires with a tread depth less than5/32” (4 mm) do not perform well in snowand slush and should not be used whendriving in winter conditions.

Model S is originally fitted with tires that havewear indicators molded into the tread pattern.When the tread has been worn down to 2/32”(1.6 mm), the indicators start to appear at thesurface of the tread pattern, producing theeffect of a continuous band of rubber acrossthe width of the tire. For optimal performanceand safety, Tesla recommends replacing tiresbefore the wear indicators are visible.

Tire Rotation, Balance, and Wheel Alignment

Tesla recommends rotating the tires every5000 miles (8000 km).

Unbalanced wheels (sometimes noticeable asvibration through the steering wheel) affectvehicle handling and tire life. Even withregular use, wheels can get out of balance.Therefore, they should be balanced asrequired.

If tire wear is uneven (on one side of the tireonly) or becomes abnormally excessive, checkthe alignment of wheels.

Note: When replacing only two tires, alwaysinstall the new tires on the rear.

Punctured Tires

A puncture eventually causes the tire to losepressure, which is why it is important to checktire pressures frequently. Permanently repairor replace punctured or damaged tires assoon as possible. Do not drive with apunctured tire, even if the puncture has notcaused the tire to deflate. A punctured tirecan deflate suddenly at any time.

Your tubeless tires may not leak whenpenetrated, provided the object remains in thetire. If, however, you feel a sudden vibration orride disturbance while driving, or you suspecta tire is damaged, immediately reduce yourspeed. Drive slowly, while avoiding heavybraking or sharp steering and, when safe to doso, stop the vehicle. Arrange to have Model Stransported to a Tesla service center, or to anearby tire repair center.

Note: In some cases, you can temporarilyrepair small tire punctures (under 1/4”/6 mm)using an optional tire repair kit available fromTesla. This allows you to slowly drive Model Sto Tesla or to a nearby tire repair facility.

Warning: Do not drive Model S with apunctured tire. Even if the punctured tirehas not deflated, it can suddenly deflateat any time.

Flat Spots

If Model S is stationary for a long period inhigh temperatures, tires can form flat spots.When Model S is driven, these flat spots causea vibration which gradually disappears as thetires warm up and regain their original shape.

To minimize the flat spots during storage,inflate tires to the maximum pressureindicated on the tire wall. Then, before driving,release air to adjust tire pressure to therecommended levels.

Improving Tire Mileage

To improve the mileage you get from yourtires, maintain tires at the recommended tirepressures, observe speed limits and advisoryspeeds, and avoid:

• Pulling away quickly, or hard acceleration.• Fast turns and heavy braking.• Potholes and objects in the road.• Hitting curbs when parking.• Contaminating tires with fluids that can

cause damage.



Replacing Tires and WheelsTires degrade over time due to the effects ofultraviolet light, extreme temperatures, highloads, and environmental conditions. It isrecommended that tires are replaced everysix years, or sooner if required.

Wheel rims and tires are matched to suit thehandling characteristics of the vehicle.Replacement tires must comply with theoriginal specification. If tires other than thosespecified are used, ensure that the load andspeed ratings marked on the tire equal orexceed those of the original specification.

Ideally, you should replace all four tires at thesame time. If this is not possible, replace thetires in pairs (both front or both rear). Whenreplacing tires, always re-balance and checkthe alignment of wheels.

If you replace a wheel, the TPMS (TirePressure Monitoring System) sensors need tobe reset to ensure they provide accuratewarnings when tires are under- or over-inflated (see Resetting the TPMS Sensors onpage 113).

Warning: For your safety, use only tiresand wheels that match the originalspecification (see Wheels and Tires onpage 143). Tires that do not match theoriginal specification can affect theoperation of the Tire Pressure MonitoringSystem (TPMS).

Warning: Never exceed the speed ratingof your vehicle's tires. The speed rating isshown on the sidewall of your tires (see Understanding Tire Markings on page145).

Asymmetric Tires

Model S tires are asymmetric and must bemounted on the wheel with the correctsidewall facing outward. The sidewall of thetire is marked with the word OUTSIDE. Whennew tires are installed, make sure that the tiresare correctly mounted on the wheels.

Warning: Road holding is seriouslyimpaired if the tires are incorrectlyinstalled on the wheels.

Tire Types

Summer Tires

Your Model S may be originally equipped withhigh performance summer tires. These tiresare designed for maximum dry and wet roadperformance. Summer tires do not performwell in winter conditions. Tesla recommendsusing winter tires if driving in coldtemperatures or on roads where snow or icemay be present. Contact Tesla for winter tirerecommendations.

Warning: In cold temperatures or onsnow or ice, summer tires do not provideadequate traction. Selecting and installingthe appropriate tires for winter conditionsis important to ensure the safety andoptimum performance of your Model S,even when equipped with dual motors.

All-Season Tires

Your Model S may be originally equipped withall-season tires. These tires are designed toprovide adequate traction in most conditionsyear-round, but may not provide the samelevel of traction as winter tires in snowy or icyconditions. All-season tires can be identifiedby “ALL SEASON" and/or "M+S” (mud andsnow) on the tire sidewall.


Maintenance 111

Winter Tires

Your Model S is not originally equipped withwinter tires. In snowy and icy conditions,consider installing winter tires. Winter tires aredesigned to increase traction in snowy or icyconditions. When installing winter tires, alwaysinstall a complete set of four tires at the sametime. Winter tires must be the same size,brand, construction and tread pattern on allfour wheels. Contact Tesla for winter tirerecommendations.

Winter tires can be identified by amountain/snowflake symbol on thetire's sidewall.

When driving with winter tires, you mayexperience more road noise, shorter tread life,and less traction on dry roads.

Driving in Low TemperaturesTire performance is reduced in low ambienttemperatures, resulting in reduced grip and anincreased susceptibility to damage fromimpacts. Performance tires can temporarilyharden when cold, causing you to hearrotational noise for the first few miles (kms)until the tires warm up.

Using Tire ChainsTesla has tested and approved Security ChainCompany (SCC) Model Z-563 chains for useon the rear wheels. These chains must only beused if your Model S has 245/45R19 rear tiresinstalled. Do not use chains on 21 inch tires.

When installing tire chains, follow theinstructions provided by the tire chainmanufacturer. Mount them as tightly aspossible.

When using tire chains:

• Drive slowly. Do not exceed 30 mph(48 km/h).

• Avoid heavily loading Model S (heavyloads can reduce the clearance betweenthe tires and the body).

• Remove the tire chains as soon asconditions allow.

Note: Tire chains are prohibited in somejurisdictions. Check local laws before installingtire chains.

Caution: Using non-recommended tirechains, or using tire chains on other sizedtires, can damage the suspension, body,

wheels, and/or brake lines. Damagecaused by using non-recommended tirechains is not covered by the warranty.

Caution: Ensure that tire chains cannottouch suspension components or brakelines. If you hear the chains makingunusual noises that would indicatecontact with Model S, stop andinvestigate immediately.

Tire Pressure MonitoringEach tire should be checked monthly whencold and inflated to the recommendedpressures that are printed on the Tire andLoading Information label located on thedriver’s door pillar (see Maintaining TirePressures on page 109). If your vehicle hastires of a different size than the size indicatedon the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressurelabel, determine the proper tire inflationpressure for those tires.

As an added safety feature, your vehicle hasbeen equipped with a tire pressure monitoringsystem (TPMS) that displays a tire pressuretelltale (Tire Pressure Warning) on theinstrument panel when one or more of yourtires is significantly under- or over-inflated.Accordingly, when the Tire Pressure indicatorlight displays on the instrument panel alertingof tire pressure, stop and check your tires assoon as possible, and inflate them to theproper pressure (see Maintaining TirePressures on page 109). Driving on asignificantly under-inflated tire causes the tireto overheat and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency and tiretread life, and may affect the vehicle'shandling and stopping ability.

If Model S detects a fault with theTire Pressure Monitoring System(TPMS), this indicator flashes for oneminute whenever you power onModel S.

Note: Installing accessories that are notapproved by Tesla can interfere with theTPMS system.

Warning: The TPMS is not a substitute forproper tire maintenance, includingmanually checking tire pressures andregularly inspecting the condition of tires.It is the driver's responsibility to maintaincorrect tire pressure, even if under- orover-inflation has not reached the level



for the TPMS to trigger the Tire PressureWarning on the instrument panel.

Resetting the TPMS Sensors

After replacing one or more wheels, the TPMSsensors must be reset to ensure tire pressurewarnings are accurate. However, note that theTPMS sensors do not need to be reset afterreplacing a tire or rotating wheels.

Note: When changing to 21" wheels(Performance Plus models), the TPMS maygenerate false tire pressure warnings. BringModel S to a Tesla Service center for furtheradjustment.

Note: Do not reset the TPMS sensors in anattempt to clear tire pressure warnings.

To reset TPMS sensors:

1. Inflate all tires to their recommendpressures, as indicated on the Tire andLoading Information label located on thedriver’s door pillar.

2. Get ready to drive for ten minutes, then,on the Model S touchscreen, touchControls > Settings > Service & Reset >Tire Pressure Monitor > Reset Sensors.

3. Follow the onscreen instructions.

Replacing a Tire Sensor

If the Tire Pressure warning indicator displaysfrequently, contact Tesla to determine if a tiresensor needs to be replaced. Tire sensorsmust be replaced by a Tesla service technicianwho can perform a brief setup procedure. If anon-Tesla service center repairs or replaces atire, the tire sensor will not work until Teslaperforms the setup procedure.

TPMS Malfunction

Model S has also been equipped with a TPMSmalfunction indicator to indicate when thesystem is not operating properly.

The TPMS malfunction indicator iscombined with the tire pressureindicator light. When the systemdetects a malfunction, the indicatorflashes for approximately oneminute after Model S powers on, andthen remains continuously lit. Thissequence continues uponsubsequent vehicle start-ups as longas the malfunction exists. When theTPMS malfunction indicator is on,the system might not be able todetect or signal under- and over-inflated tires as intended.

TPMS malfunctions can occur for a variety ofreasons, including installing replacement oralternate tires or wheels that prevent theTPMS from functioning properly. Alwayscheck the TPMS malfunction indicator lightafter replacing one or more tires or wheels onyour vehicle to ensure that the replacementtires or wheels allow the TPMS to continue tofunction properly.

Note: If a tire has been replaced or repairedusing a different tire sealant than the oneavailable from Tesla, and a low tire pressure isdetected, it is possible that the tire sensor hasbeen damaged. Contact Tesla to have thefault repaired as soon as possible.


Maintenance 113

Tire Repair KitYour Model S has no spare tire. Depending onthe legislations that apply to the region inwhich you purchased Model S, a tire repair kitmay or may not be included. If a tire repair kitwas not provided in Model S upon delivery,you can purchase one from Tesla.

Note: Although Model S does not have a sparetire, in the event of a flat tire, RoadsideAssistance provides towing coverage for upto 50 miles.

The tire repair kit consists of a compressorand a canister of tire sealant (enough to repairone tire). When injected into a tire, the sealantcan penetrate a small puncture up to 1/4"(6 mm) to form a temporary repair.

Note: For punctures larger than 1/4” (6 mm),severe tread damage, a damaged sidewall,ripped tires or tires that have come off therim, call Roadside Assistance.

Warning: The tire repair kit is a temporaryrepair only. You must repair or replace adamaged tire as soon as possible.

Warning: Do not exceed 30 mph(48 km/h) when driving with a tire thathas been temporarily repaired withsealant.

Warning: Follow all directions andwarnings on the tire repair kit beforestarting a repair.

Caution: Do not drive on a deflated tire asthis can cause serious damage.

Tire Sealant Canister

The tire sealant provided in the Tesla tirerepair kit is approved for use with Model S andis designed not to damage the TPMS (TirePressure Monitoring System) sensors.Therefore, you must replace it only with oneof the same type and capacity (see Replacingthe Sealant Canister on page 117). Tiresealant canisters can be purchased from Tesla.

The tire sealant has an expiration date printedon the outside of the canister. If the expirationdate has passed, the sealant might not workas expected. Always replace an expired tiresealant canister.

Warning: Do not use any tire sealantother than the one available from Tesla.Doing so could cause tire pressuresensors to malfunction.

Warning: Always read and follow thesafety and handling instructions printedon the sealant canister.

Warning: Keep tire sealant out of thereach of children.

Warning: Tire sealant can be harmful if itcontacts the eyes or if swallowed orinhaled. If the sealant comes into contactwith your eyes, immediately flush withwater and seek medical attention ifirritation persists. If swallowed, do notinduce vomiting and seek medicalassistance immediately. If inhaled,breathe fresh air. Inhalation can causedrowsiness and dizziness. If breathing isaffected, seek medical assistanceimmediately.

Temporary Tire Repair


Inflating with Sealant and AirIf you have a Tesla tire repair kit, follow thesesteps to temporarily repair a small tirepuncture (less than 1/4” (6 mm)).

1. Stop Model S in a safe place away fromtraffic and ask passengers to wait in a safearea.

2. Turn on the hazard warning flashers toalert other road users.

3. If possible, position the wheel with thepuncture at the bottom.

4. Detach the power supply connector fromthe back of the compressor and plug itinto the 12V power socket located on thefront of center console.

5. Release the clear plastic hose from thetire compressor.

6. Remove the red cap and screw the end ofthe hose onto the tire’s valve.

7. Attach the sealant kit’s black air hose tothe sealant valve and press the leverdown to secure it in place.

8. Ensure the compressor is lying on a levelsurface with the pressure gauge facing tothe side as shown in Step 5.

9. Turn on the compressor.10. Inflate the tire to the recommended

pressure.11. Turn off the compressor and disconnect

the hose from the tire’s valve. Wipe anyexcess sealant from the tire valve andwheel rim.

12. Immediately drive for 5 miles (8 km) todistribute the sealant around the tire. Donot exceed 30 mph (48 km/h).

13. Stop and check the tire’s pressure. Ifnecessary, inflate using the black air hose.

14. Have the tire repaired or replaced as soonas possible.

15. Replace the tire repair sealant canister(see Replacing the Sealant Canister onpage 117).


Maintenance 115

Inflating with Air OnlyIf you have a Tesla tire repair kit, follow thesesteps to inflate a tire with air:

1. Detach the power supply connector fromthe rear of the compressor and plug it intothe 12V power socket located in Model Son the front of center console.

2. Release the black air hose from thecompressor.

3. Attach the air hose to the valve and pressthe lever down to secure it in place.

4. Ensure the compressor is lying on a levelsurface with the pressure gauge facing tothe side where you can read it.

5. To add air, turn on the compressor andinflate until the desired pressure isreached.

6. To release air, turn off the compressor,then press and hold the red button untilthe desired pressure is reached.

Note: For your convenience, the tire repair kitincludes a selection of adapters that allow youto inflate other items. These adapters arelocated in a compartment on the back of thecompressor.

Caution: To avoid overheating, do not usethe compressor continuously for morethan eight minutes. Allow the compressorto cool for 15 minutes between uses.

Caution: The compressor runs slowlywhen overheated from excessive use.Turn it off and allow it to cool.



Replacing the Sealant CanisterIf you have a Tesla tire repair kit, you canpurchase additional or replacement canistersof tire sealant from Tesla.

Follow these steps to replace the canister inyour Tesla tire repair kit:

1. Unwrap the clear hose from thecompressor. This hose is included with thetire repair sealant canister.

2. Remove the canister cover by sliding itupward to release it from the compressor.

3. Remove the canister.

4. Insert the new canister and replace thecover.


Maintenance 117

Cleaning the ExteriorTo prevent damage to the paint, immediatelyremove corrosive substances (bird droppings,tree resin, dead insects, tar spots, road salt,industrial fallout, etc). Do not wait untilModel S is due for a complete wash. Ifnecessary, use denatured alcohol to removetar spots and stubborn grease stains, thenimmediately wash the area with water and amild, non-detergent soap to remove thealcohol.

Follow these steps when washing the exteriorof Model S:

1. Rinse Thoroughly

Before washing, flush grime and grit fromthe bodywork using a hose. Flush awayaccumulations of mud in areas wheredebris easily collects (such as wheelarches and panel seams). If salt has beenused on the highways (such as duringwinter months), thoroughly rinse all tracesof road salt from the underside of thevehicle.

2. Hand Wash

Hand wash Model S using a soft cloth andcold or lukewarm water containing a mild,good quality car shampoo.

3. Rinse with Clean Water

After washing, rinse with clean water toprevent soap from drying on the surfaces.

4. Dry Thoroughly and Clean Exterior Glass

After washing and rinsing, dry thoroughlywith a chamois.

Clean windows and mirrors using anautomotive glass cleaner. Do not scrape,or use any abrasive cleaning fluid on glassor mirrored surfaces.

Cautions for Exterior Cleaning

Caution: Do not use windshield treatmentfluids. Doing so can interfere with wiperfriction and cause a chattering sound.

Caution: Do not use hot water anddetergents.

Caution: In hot weather, do not wash indirect sunlight.

Caution: If using a pressure washer,maintain a distance of at least 12" (30 cm)between the nozzle and the surface ofModel S. Keep the nozzle moving and donot concentrate the water jet on any onearea.

Caution: Do not aim water hoses directlyat window, door or hood seals, or throughwheel apertures onto brake components.

Caution: Avoid using tight-napped orrough cloths, such as washing mitts.

Caution: If washing in an automatic carwash, use Touchless car washes only.These car washes have no parts (brushes,etc.) that touch the surfaces of Model S.Using any other type of car wash couldcause damage that is not covered by thewarranty.

Caution: Do not used chemical basedwheel cleaners. These can damage thefinish on the wheels.

Caution: Avoid using a high pressurepower washer on the rear view camera orparking sensors (if equipped) and do notclean a sensor or camera lens with asharp or abrasive object that can scratchor damage its surface.

Cleaning


Cleaning the InteriorFrequently inspect and clean the interior tomaintain its appearance and to preventpremature wear. If possible, immediately wipeup spills and remove marks. For generalcleaning, wipe interior surfaces using a softcloth (such as micro fiber) dampened with amixture of warm water and mild non-detergent cleaner (test all cleaners on aconcealed area before use). To avoid streaks,dry immediately with a soft lint-free cloth.

Interior Glass

Do not scrape, or use any abrasive cleaningfluid on glass or mirrored surfaces. This candamage the reflective surface of the mirrorand the heating elements in the rear window.

Airbags

Do not allow any substance to enter an airbagcover. This could affect correct operation.

Dashboard and Plastic Surfaces

Do not polish the upper surfaces of thedashboard. Polished surfaces are reflectiveand could interfere with your driving view.

Leather Seats

Leather is prone to dye-transfer which cancause discoloration, particularly on lightcolored leather. White and tan leather iscoated with an anti-soiling treatment. Wipespills as soon as possible using a soft clothmoistened with warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a circularmotion. Then wipe dry using a soft, lint-freecloth. Using detergents or commerciallyavailable leather cleaners and conditioners isnot recommended because they can discoloror dry out the leather.

Cloth Seats

Wipe spills as soon as possible using a softcloth moistened with warm water and non-detergent soap. Wipe gently in a circularmotion. Then wipe dry using a soft, lint-freecloth. Vacuum the seats as needed to removeany loose dirt.

Carpets

Avoid over-wetting carpets. For heavily soiledareas, use a diluted upholstery cleaner.

Seat Belts

Extend the belts to wipe. Do not use any typeof detergent or chemical cleaning agent.Allow the belts to dry naturally whileextended, preferably away from directsunlight.


Vacuum the seats to remove any loose dirt.Wipe the seats with a soft cloth dampenedwith warm water. You can also use anupholstery cleaner designed for automotiveuse. Extend the belts to wipe. Allow the beltsto dry naturally, preferably away from directsunlight.

Touchscreen and Instrument Panel

Clean the touchscreen and instrument panelusing a soft lint-free cloth specificallydesigned to clean monitors and displays. Donot use cleaners (such as a glass cleaner) anddo not use a wet wipe or a dry statically-charged cloth (such as a recently washedmicrofiber). To wipe the touchscreen withoutactivating buttons and changing settings, youcan enable clean mode. Touch Controls >Displays > Clean Mode. The display darkens tomake it easy to see dust and smudges.

Chrome and Metal Surfaces

Polish, abrasive cleaners or hard cloths candamage the finish on chrome and metalsurfaces.

Cautions for Interior Cleaning

Warning: If you notice any damage on anairbag or seat belt, contact Teslaimmediately.

Warning: Do not allow any water,cleaners, or fabric to enter a seat beltmechanism.

Caution: Using solvents (includingalcohol), bleach, citrus, naphtha, orsilicone-based products or additives oninterior components can cause damage.

Cleaning

Maintenance 119

Polishing, Touch Up, and BodyRepairTo preserve the cosmetic appearance of thebody, you can occasionally treat the paintsurfaces with an approved polish containing:

• Very mild abrasive to remove surfacecontamination without removing ordamaging the paint.

• Filling compounds that fill scratches andreduce their visibility.

• Wax to provide a protective coatingbetween the paint and environmentalelements.

Regularly inspect the exterior paint fordamage. Treat minor chips and scratchesusing a paint touch up pen (available forpurchase from Tesla). Use the touch-up penafter washing but before polishing or waxing.

Repair rock chips, fractures or scratches. Bodyrepairs should be performed only by a Teslaapproved body shop. Contact Tesla for a listof approved body shops.

Caution: Do not use cutting pastes, colorrestoration compounds, or polishescontaining harsh abrasives. These canscour the surface and permanentlydamage the paint.

Caution: Do not use chrome polish orother abrasive cleaners.

Using a Car CoverTo preserve the cosmetic appearance of thebody when Model S is not being used, use agenuine Tesla car cover. Car covers can bepurchased from Tesla.

Caution: Use only a Tesla-approved carcover when Model S is plugged in. Usinga non-Tesla car cover can prevent theBattery from being adequately cooledduring charging.

Floor MatsTo extend the life of your carpet and makethem easier to clean, use genuine Tesla floormats. Maintain mats by cleaning themregularly and replacing them if they becomeexcessively worn.

Warning: To avoid potential interferencewith a foot pedal, ensure that the driver’sfloor mat is securely fastened, and neverplace an additional floor mat on top of it.

Cleaning


Checking and Replacing WiperBlades

Caution: Wiper blades do not lock into alifted position. When cleaning orreplacing a wiper blade, lift the wiper armonly a short distance from the windshield,just far enough to access the blade. Donot lift a wiper arm beyond its intendedposition. Doing so can cause damage thatis not covered by the warranty.

To make wiper blades easy to access, turn offthe wipers, shift Model S into Park, then usethe touchscreen to move them to the serviceposition. Touch Controls > Settings > Service& Reset > Service Mode > ON.

Note: Wipers automatically return to theirnormal position when you shift Model S out ofPark.

Periodically check and clean the edge of thewiper blade and check the rubber for cracks,splits and roughness. If damaged, replace theblade immediately to prevent damage to theglass.

Contaminants on the windshield, or on thewiper blades, can reduce the effectiveness ofthe wiper blades. Contaminants include ice,wax spray from car washes, washer fluid withbug and/or water repellent, bird droppings,tree sap, and other organic substances.

Follow these guidelines for cleaning:

• Clean the windshield using non-abrasiveglass cleaner.

• Lift the wiper arm a short distance awayfrom the windshield, just far enough toaccess the wiper blade, then wipe theblade clean using isopropyl (rubbing)alcohol or washer fluid.

If the wipers remain ineffective after cleaning,replace the wiper blades.

For optimum performance, replace wiperblades at least once a year.

To replace wiper blades:

1. Turn off the wipers, shift Model S intoPark, then use the touchscreen to movethe wipers to the service position. TouchControls > Settings > Service & Reset >Service Mode > ON.

Note: Wipers must be OFF to turn onService Mode.

2. Lift the wiper arm a short distance awayfrom the windshield, just far enough toaccess the wiper blade.

3. Hold the wiper arm (the wiper arm doesnot lock into a lifted position) and pressthe locking tab while sliding the bladedown the arm.

4. Align the new blade on the wiper arm andslide it toward the hooked end of the armuntil it locks into place.

5. Place the wiper arm against thewindshield.

If the problem persists with new blades, cleanthe windshield and wiper blades by wipingwith a soft cloth or sponge moistened withwarm water and non-detergent soap. Then,rinse the windshield and wiper blades withclean water. The windshield is clean whenwater beads do not form.

Caution: Only use cleaning productsapproved for use on automotive glassand rubber. Inappropriate products cancause damage or smears, and createglare on the windshield.

Caution: Only install replacement bladesthat are identical to the original blades.Using inappropriate blades can damagethe wiper system and affect the operationof the rain sensor.

Cleaning Washer JetsThe position of the windshield washers is setat the factory and should never needadjusting.

If a windshield washer becomes blocked, use athin strand of wire to clear any blockagesfrom the nozzle.

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets

Maintenance 121

Warning: Do not operate the washerswhile cleaning Model S. Windshieldwasher fluid can irritate eyes and skin.Read and observe the washer fluidmanufacturer’s instructions.

Wiper Blades and Washer Jets


Removing the Maintenance PanelTo access fuses and check fluid levels, removethe maintenance panel:

1. Pull the rear edge of the maintenancepanel upward to release the five clips thathold the panel in place.

2. Maneuver the maintenance panel towardthe windshield to remove.

Caution: The maintenance panel protectsthe front trunk from water. When re-attaching, make sure it is fully seated.

Checking Battery CoolantIf the quantity of fluid in the cooling systemdrops below the recommended level, theinstrument panel displays a warning message.Stop Model S as soon as safety permits andcontact Tesla.

Fluid Level Check

Tesla checks the Battery coolant level at theregularly scheduled maintenance intervals. Tocheck it yourself, park Model S on levelground. When Model S is cool, remove themaintenance panel (see Removing theMaintenance Panel on page 123).

Check the fluid level visually by looking at theoutside marks on the side of the reservoir. DONOT REMOVE THE FILLER CAP AND DO NOTADD FLUID. Doing so can result in damagenot covered by the warranty.

The fluid level should be between the MIN andthe MAX marks. If you notice that the fluidlevel has dropped significantly, contact Teslabefore using Model S.

Topping Up the Battery Coolant

Under no circumstances should you addcoolant. If the instrument panel warns youthat the fluid level is low, contact Teslaimmediately.

To maximize the performance and life of theBattery, the cooling system uses a specifictype of G-48 ethylene-glycol coolant (HOAT).Contact Tesla for more specific informationabout the coolant.

Fluid Reservoirs

Maintenance 123

Checking Brake FluidWarning: Contact Tesla immediately ifyou notice increased movement of thebrake pedal or a significant loss of brakefluid. Driving under these conditions canresult in extended stopping distances orcomplete brake failure.

The Brake indicator on theinstrument panel alerts you if thequantity of fluid in the brakereservoir drops below therecommended level. If it displayswhile driving, stop as soon as safetypermits by gently applying thebrakes. Do not continue driving.Contact Tesla immediately.

Fluid Level Check

Tesla checks the brake fluid level at theregularly scheduled maintenance intervals. Tocheck it yourself, park Model S on levelground. When Model S is cool, remove themaintenance panel (see Removing theMaintenance Panel on page 123).

Check the fluid level visually by looking at theoutside marks on the side of the reservoirwithout removing the filler cap.

The brake fluid level should always bebetween the MIN and the MAX marks.

Note: Although brake fluid level drops slightlyduring normal use as a result of brake padwear, it should not drop below the MIN mark.

Topping Up the Brake Fluid

Do not top up your brake fluid. Tesla servicedoes this when you bring Model S in forregular servicing. The following instructionsare provided for information purposes andfuture reference only:

1. Clean the filler cap before removing toprevent dirt from entering the reservoir.

2. Unscrew the cap and remove.3. Top up the reservoir to the MAX mark

using brake fluid meeting DOT3 or DOT4specifications.

4. Replace the filler cap.

Warning: Only use new fluid from asealed air-tight container. Never usepreviously used fluid or fluid from apreviously opened container—fluidabsorbs moisture which decreasesbraking performance.

Warning: Brake fluid is highly toxic. Keepcontainers sealed and out of the reach ofchildren. In the event of accidentalconsumption, seek medical attentionimmediately.

Caution: Brake fluid damages paintedsurfaces. Immediately soak up any spillswith an absorbent cloth and wash thearea with a mixture of car shampoo andwater.

Fluid Reservoirs


Topping Up Washer FluidThe only reservoir into which you can addfluid is the washer fluid reservoir locatedunder the front trunk. When the level is low, amessage displays on the instrument panel.

Do not use formulated washer fluids thatcontain water repellent or bug wash. Thesefluids can cause streaking, smearing, andsqueaking or other noises.

Operate the washers periodically to checkthat the nozzles are clear and properlydirected.

To top up washer fluid:

1. Clean the filler cap before opening toprevent dirt from entering the reservoir.

2. Open the filler cap.

3. Fill the reservoir until the fluid level isvisible just below the filler neck.

4. Replace the filler cap.

Note: Some national or local regulationsrestrict the use of Volatile OrganicCompounds (VOCs). VOCs are commonlyused as antifreeze in washer fluid. Use awasher fluid with limited VOC content only ifit provides adequate freeze resistance for allclimates in which you drive Model S.

Caution: Under no circumstances do youneed to inspect or top up other fluidreservoirs. Two additional fluid reservoirsare located next to the washer fluid, butunderneath the maintenance panel. In theunlikely event that you see a message onthe instrument panel that one of thesefluid levels is low, stop Model S as soon assafe to do so, and contact Tesla.

Caution: Do not spill washer fluid on bodypanels. Doing so can cause damage. Wipeup spills immediately and wash theaffected area with water.

Warning: In temperatures below40° F (4° C), use a washer fluid withantifreeze. In cold weather, using awasher fluid without antifreeze can impairvisibility through the windshield.

Fluid Reservoirs

Maintenance 125

Fuse Box LocationsThree fuse boxes are located under themaintenance panel, located in the front trunk.For instructions on how to remove this panel,see Removing the Maintenance Panel on page123.

1. Fuse box 1 (see Fuse Box 1 on page 127).DO NOT replace these fuses. If one ofthem fails, contact Tesla.

2. Fuse box 2 (see Fuse Box 2 on page 129).3. Fuse box 3 (see Fuse Box 3 on page 131).

Replacing a FuseTo remove a fuse box cover, press the plastictabs on either side.

Identify the fuse protecting the affectedcircuit. Refer to the label on the inside of thefuse box cover or the fuse tables provided inthis section.

Pull the fuse to remove it. A break in the wireinside the fuse indicates that the fuse hasblown.

Note: Do not replace fuses in fuse boxes1 and 4, and do not remove or replace anyrelays. If one of these fails, contact Tesla.

Warning: Always manually power Model Soff before replacing a fuse (see PoweringOff on page 41).

Caution: Only use Tesla-approvedreplacement fuses of the same rating andspecification. Using an incorrect fuse candamage the electrical system and resultin a fire.

Caution: If a replacement fuse blows afterinstallation, contact Tesla to have theelectrical system checked.

Fuses


Fuse Box 1Note: Access to fuse box 1 requires removal of components that must be performed by a Teslaservice technician. The following fuse list is provided only to assist you in determining if a fuse inthis box needs to be replaced. Contact Tesla Service if one of these fuses needs to be replaced.

Fuse Rating Circuit Protected

1 15 A Wiper Park

2 10 A Headlight Leveling, Vanity Lights

3 15 A Seat Heater, Second Row Right

4 15 A Seat Heater, Second Row Middle

5 15 A Seat Heater (Driver’s Seat)

6 10 A Not Used

7 20 A Electronic Parking Brake (Redundant)

8 5 A Steering Module Column

9 20 A Base Audio System

10 25 A Panoramic Sunroof

11 Open Not Used

12 15 A Seat Heater, Second Row Left

13 5 A Cabin HVAC Functions

14 15 A Seat Heater, First Row Left

15 15 A Not Used

16 20 A Electronic Parking Brake (Primary)

17 15 A Coolant Pump 2

Fuses

Maintenance 127


18 20 A Premium Audio Amplifier

19 Open Not Used

20 Open Not Used

21 15 A Park Assist

22 5 A Thermal System Controls

23 15 A Not Used

24 5 A Coolant Pump 3

25 15 A Drive Inverter

26 - Coolant Pump 1

27 10 A Restraints Control Module

Fuses


Fuse Box 2


28 25 A Window Lift Motor (Right Rear)

29 10 A Contactor Power

30 25 A Window Lift Motor (Right Front)

31 15 A Forward Camera/Active Safety

32 10 A Door Controls (Right Side)

33 15 A Not Used

34 10 A Forward Camera Defog

35 15 A 12V Power Socket

36 10 A Air Suspension

37 25 A Window Lift Motor (Left Rear)

38 5 A Driver's Seat Memory

39 25 A Window Lift Motor (Left Front)

40 5 A Rear Door Handles

41 10 A Door Controls (Left Side)

42 30 A Powered Liftgate

43 5 A Perm. Power Sensor, Brake Switch

44 10 A Charger (Charge Port)

45 20 A Passive Entry (Horns)

46 30 A Body Controls (Group 2)

47 5 A Glove Box Light, OBD-II

48 10 A Body Controls (Group 1)

Fuses

Maintenance 129


49 5 A Instrument Panel

50 5 A Siren, Intrusion/Tilt Sensor (Europe Only)

51 20 A Touchscreen

52 30 A Heated Rear Window

53 5 A Battery Management System

54 15 A Wiper De-Icer

55 30 A Left Front Electric Seat

56 30 A Right Front Electric Seat

57 30 A Cabin Fan

58 30 A 12V Outlet/Forward Camera Sub.

59 30 A HVAC2 Power

Fuses


Fuse Box 3


71 40 A Condenser Fan (Left)

72 40 A Condenser Fan (Right)

73 40 A Vacuum Pump

74 20 A 12V Drive Rail (Cabin)

75 5 A Front Drive Unit

76 5 A Ignition Sense

77 25 A Stability Control

78 20 A Headlights High/Low Beam

79 30 A Light - Exterior/Interior

Fuses

Maintenance 131

Jacking ProcedureFollow the steps below to lift Model S. Ensurethat any non-Tesla repair facility is aware ofthese lifting points.

1. Position Model S centrally between the liftposts.

2. If your Model S is equipped with Smart AirSuspension, it automatically self-levels,even when power is off. Use thetouchscreen to set the suspension asfollows:

• Touch Controls > Suspension.• Press the brake pedal, then touch

Very High to maximize the height ofthe suspension.

• Touch Jack to disable self-leveling.

When Jack mode is active,Model S displays this indicatorlight on the instrument panel,along with a message tellingyou that active suspension isdisabled.

3. Position the lift arm pads under the bodyrails at the locations illustrated. DO NOTposition the lift arm pads under theBattery.

4. Adjust the height and position of the liftarm pads to ensure they are correctlylocated.

5. With assistance, raise the lift, ensuring thelift arm pads remain in their correctpositions.

Note: Jack mode cancels when Model S isdriven over 4.5 mph (7 km/h).

Warning: If your Model S is equipped withSmart Air Suspension, it automaticallyself-levels, even when power is off. YouMUST disable this system by engagingJack mode before lifting or jacking. If youdo not disable Smart Air Suspension,Model S can attempt to self-level, causingserious damage, bodily injury, or death.

Warning: Never raise Model S when thecharge cable is connected, even ifcharging is not in progress.

Warning: Do not work on an incorrectlysupported vehicle. Doing so can causeserious damage, bodily injury, or death.

Caution: DO NOT lift from under theBattery. Place the lift arm pads under thebody rails only. The locations illustratedare the only approved lifting points forModel S. Lifting at any other points cancause damage. Damage caused by liftingModel S is not covered by the warranty.

Jacking and Lifting


Parts, Accessories, andModificationsUse only genuine Tesla parts and accessories.Tesla performs rigorous testing on parts toensure their suitability, safety, and reliability.Purchase these parts from Tesla, where theyare professionally installed and where you canreceive expert advice about modifications toModel S.

Tesla is unable to assess parts manufacturedby other distributors and therefore accepts noresponsibility if you use non-Tesla parts onModel S.

Warning: Installing non-approved partsand accessories, or performing non-approved modifications, can affect theperformance of Model S and the safety ofits occupants. Any damage caused byusing or installing non-approved parts, orby performing non-approvedmodifications, is not covered by thewarranty.

Warning: Tesla does not accept liabilityfor death, personal injury or damage thatoccurs if you use or install non-approvedaccessories or make non-approvedmodifications.

Body RepairsIf Model S is in a collision, contact Tesla toensure that it is repaired with genuine Teslaparts. Tesla has selected and approved bodyshops that meet strict requirements fortraining, equipment, quality, and customersatisfaction.

Some repair shops and insurance companiesmight suggest using non-original equipmentor salvaged parts to save money. However,these parts do not meet Tesla's highstandards for quality, fit and corrosionresistance. In addition, non-original equipmentand salvaged parts (and any damage orfailures they might cause) are not covered bythe warranty.

Parts and Accessories

Maintenance 133

Vehicle Identification NumberYou can find the VIN at the followinglocations:

• Stamped on a plate located at the top ofthe dashboard. Can be seen by lookingthrough the windshield.

• Stamped on the chassis. Can be seen byremoving the maintenance panel (see Removing the Maintenance Panel on page123).

• Printed on the Vehicle Certification label,located on the driver’s side door pillar.Can be seen when the driver’s door isopen.

Emission Control LabelThe emission control label is located on theopening face of the liftgate.

Identification Labels


Load Capacity LabelingIt is important to understand how muchweight your Model S can safely carry. Thisweight is called the vehicle capacity weightand includes the weight of all occupants,cargo and any additional equipment added toyour Model S since it was manufactured.

There are two labels attached to Model S thatstate how much weight it can safely carry.These labels are located on the center doorpillar and are visible when the driver’s door isopen:

1. Tire and Loading Information label2. Vehicle Certification label

Warning: Overloading Model S has anadverse effect on braking and handling,which can compromise your safety ordamage Model S.

Caution: Never load more than 300 lbs(136 kg) in the front trunk. Doing so cancause damage.

Caution: Never store large amounts ofliquid in Model S. A significant spill cancause electrical components tomalfunction.

Tire and Loading Information Label

The Tire and Loading Information labelprovides:

• The maximum number of occupantseating positions.

• The maximum vehicle capacity weight.• The size of the original tires.• The cold inflation pressures for the

original front and rear tires. Thesepressures are recommended to optimizeride and handling characteristics.

United States:

Canada:

Never change this label, even if you usedifferent tires in the future.

Note: If Model S is loaded to its full capacity,double check all tires to ensure they areinflated to their recommended pressure levels.

Vehicle Loading

Specifications 135

Vehicle Certification Label

The Vehicle Certification label provides:

• GVWR - Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. Themaximum allowable total mass of Model S.This is calculated as the weight ofModel S, all passengers, fluids, and cargo.

• GAWR FRT and GAWR RR - Gross AxleWeight Rating for the front and rear axles.The GAWR is the maximum distributedweight that each axle can support.

United States:

Canada:

Caution: To prevent damage, never loadModel S so that it is heavier than GVWRor exceeds the individual GAWR weights.

Calculating Load Limits1. Locate the statement “The combined

weight of occupants and cargo shouldnever exceed XXX kg or XXX lbs” on yourvehicle’s “Tire and Loading Information”label.

2. Determine the combined weight of thedriver and passengers that will be riding inthe vehicle.

3. Subtract the combined weight of thedriver and passengers from XXX kg orXXX lbs (see Step 1).

4. The resulting figure equals the availableamount of cargo and luggage loadcapacity. For example, if the “XXX”amount equals 1400 lbs (635 kg) andthere will be five 150 lb (68 kg)passengers in the vehicle, the amount ofavailable cargo and luggage capacity is650 lbs (1400 ‑ 750 (5 x 150) = 650 lbs) or295 kg (635 ‑ 340 (5 x 68) = 295 kg.

5. Determine the combined weight of cargoand luggage being loaded on the vehicle.That weight must not exceed the availablecargo and luggage load capacitycalculated in Step 4.

Warning: The front and rear trunks arethe preferred places to carry objects. Inan accident, or during hard braking andsharp turns, loose items in the cabincould injure occupants.

Example Load Limit Calculations

How much cargo you can carry in Model Sdepends on the number and weight ofpassengers. The following are typicalexamples of calculated load limits. Theseexamples assume passengers weighing 150 lbs(68 kg). If the passengers weigh more or less,the available cargo and luggage load capacitydecreases or increases respectively.

Driver and one passenger

Description Total

Vehicle capacity weight 954 lbs(433 kg)

Subtract occupant weight(2 x 150 lbs/68 kg)

300 lbs(136 kg)

Available cargo weight 654 lbs(297 kg)

Vehicle Loading


Driver and four passengers

Description Total

Vehicle capacity weight 954 lbs(433 kg)

Subtract occupant weight (5 x150 lbs/68 kg)

750 lbs(340 kg)

Available cargo weight 204 lbs(93 kg)

The available cargo or luggage weight shouldthen be distributed between the front andrear trunks.

Caution: Do not exceed the maximumfront trunk load weight of 300 lbs(136 kg).

Towing a TrailerWarning: Do not use Model S for towingpurposes. Model S does not support atrailer hitch. Installing one could causedamage and increase the risk of anaccident.

Caution: Using Model S for towing mayvoid the warranty.

Roof RacksIf Model S is equipped with the all glasspanoramic roof, you can carry up to 75 kgusing a Tesla-approved roof rack (see Partsand Accessories on page 133). A Model Sequipped with a solid aluminum roof isincompatible with roof racks.

Caution: Damage caused by roof racks isnot covered by the warranty.

Caution: Do not use roof racks, or placeany load, on the roof of a Model S that isequipped with a solid aluminum roof.Doing so can cause significant damage.

Vehicle Loading

Specifications 137

Exterior Dimensions

A Overall Length 196 in 4,970 mm

BOverall Width (including mirrors)

Overall Width (excluding mirrors)

86.2 in

77.3 in

2,189 mm

1,963 mm

C Overall Height 56.5 in 1,427 mm

D Wheel Base 116.5 in 2,960 mm

E Overhang - Front 37 in 929 mm

F Overhang - Rear 42.5 in 1080 mm

G Ground Clearance 6 in 155 mm

HTrack - Front

Track - Rear

65.4 in

66.9 in

1,661 mm

1,699 mm

Dimensions and Weights


Weights

Curb Weight* (85 kWh Battery) 4,630 lbs 2,100 kg

Curb Weight* (60 kWh Battery) 4,407 lbs 1,999 kg

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 5,710 lbs 2,590 kg

Gross Vehicle Weight Distribution -19" wheels

Front: 2,425 lbs

Rear: 3,285 lbs

Front: 1,100 kg

Rear: 1,490 kg

Gross Vehicle Weight Distribution -21" wheels

Front: 2,612 lbs

Rear: 3,097 lbs

Front: 1,185 kg

Rear: 1,405 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating- Front 2,813 lbs 1,276 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating- Front(Performance Plus models) 2,723 lbs 1,235 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating - Rear: 19"wheels 3,307 lbs 1,500 kg

Gross Axle Weight Rating - Rear: 21"wheels 3,131 lbs 1,420 kg

Trailer Towing Not permissible

*Curb Weight = weight of the vehicle with correct fluid levels, no occupants and no cargo

Dimensions and Weights

Specifications 139

Motor

Type AC induction motor, liquid-cooled, withvariable frequency drive

Rating 375 Volts

Maximum Speed 16000 rpm

Transmission

Type Single speed fixed gear

Overall Final Drive Ratio 9.73:1

Reverse Gear Reverse direction of motor, limited to24 km/h

Steering

Type Rack and pinion with electronic powersteering

Variable ratio and speed sensitive

Number of turns lock to lock 2.45

Turning Circle (curb to curb) 11.3 metres

Subsystems


Brakes

Type

4-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS)with Electronic Brake Force Distribution,Integrated Advanced Stability Controland Electronic Accelerator pedal actuatedregenerative braking system

Calipers Four piston fixed

Rotor Diameters (ventilated)Front: 13.98”/355 mm

Rear: 14.37”/365 mm

Front Rotor thicknessNew: 1.26”/32 mm

Service limit: 1.18”/30 mm

Rear Rotor thicknessNew: 1.10”/28 mm


Front Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back plate)New: 0.354”/9.0 mm


Rear Brake Pad Thickness (excluding back plate)New: 0.315”/8.0 mm


Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) Pad Thickness(excluding back plate). Electronic calipers self-adjust for pad wear.

New: 0.216”/5.5 mm


Parking brake Electrically actuated parking brakecalipers

Suspension

Front Independent, double wishbone, air springor coil spring/telescopic damper, sway bar

Rear Independent, multi-link, air spring or coilspring/telescopic damper, sway bar (airsuspension vehicles only)

For alignment values, see Wheel Alignment Values on page 143.

Battery - 12V

Rating 33 amp-hr or higher

Voltage and Polarity 12V negative (-) ground

Subsystems

Specifications 141

Battery - High Voltage

Type Liquid-cooled lithium ion (Li-ion)

Rating 60 or 85 kWh (at beginning of life)

Voltage and Polarity 366V DC negative (-) ground

Temperature Range Do not expose Model S to ambienttemperatures above 140° F (60° C) orbelow -22° F (-30° C) for more than 24hours at a time.

Subsystems


Wheel Specifications

Wheel Type Location Size Offset

19"

Front 8.0J x 19 1.575"40 mm

Rear 8.0J x 19 1.575"40 mm

21" - Silver (standard) Front 8.5J x 21 1.575"40 mm

21" - Grey (standard) Rear 8.5J x 21 1.575"40 mm

21" - Silver and Grey (optional) PerformancePlus vehicles Rear 9.0J x 21 1.575"

40 mm

Road Wheel Nut Torque 129 lb. ft (175 Nm)

Requirements for dynamic wheel balance .49 ounces (14 grams)

Note: For instructions on how to jack/lift Model S, see Jacking and Lifting on page 132.

Wheel Alignment Values

Location Air Suspension Coil Suspension

Front Rear Front Rear

Camber -0.75 +/- 0.35 -1.75 +/- 0.35 -.53 +/- 0.35 -1.55 +/- 0.35

Camber Split -0.00 +/- 0.20 -0.00 +/-0.50

-0.00 +/- 0.20 -0.00 +/-0.50

Caster 4.00 +/- 0.50 n/a 3.70 +/- 0.50 n/a

Caster Split 0.00 +/- 0.20 n/a 0.00 +/- 0.20 n/a

Single Wheel Toe OUT 0.05OUT 0.15(limit) IN 0.05(limit)

IN 0.20 +/-0.05

IN 0.02 OUT0.08 (limit) IN0.12 (limit)

IN 0.19 +/-0.05

Thrust Angle n/a 0.00 +/- 0.30 n/a 0.00 +/- 0.30

Suspension Bolt Height (atdesign)

213.5 +/-5 mm

Standardmodels: 144+/- 5 mmPerformancePlus: 151 +/-5 mm

230 mm(nominal)

158 mm(nominal)

Wheels and Tires

Specifications 143

Tire Specifications

Tire Type Location Size

19" wheels (85 kWh vehicles): Michelin All P245/45R19

19" wheels (60 kWh vehicles):

Standard - Goodyear

Optional - Michelin

All P245/45R19

21" wheels: Continental All P245/35R21

21" wheels on Performance Plus vehicles:Michelin

Front

Rear

P245/35R21

P265/35R21

Tire pressures vary depending on the type of tires fitted on Model S. Refer to the tire pressuresprinted on the Tire and Loading Information label. This label is located on the driver’s door pillarand is visible when the driver’s door is open (see Maintaining Tire Pressures on page 109).

Winter tires (Pirelli P245/45R19) can be purchased from a Tesla store.

Wheels and Tires


Understanding Tire MarkingsLaws require tire manufacturers to place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires. Thisinformation identifies and describes the fundamental characteristics of the tire.It also provides thetire identification number (TIN) for safety standard certification and in case of a recall.

Wheels and Tires

Specifications 145

1 Tire category. P indicates that the tire is for passenger vehicles.

2 Tire width. This 3-digit number is the width (in millimeters) of the tire from sidewalledge to sidewall edge.

3 Aspect ratio. This 2-digit number is the sidewall height as a percentage of the treadwidth. So, if the tread width is 205 mm, and the aspect ratio is 50, the sidewall height is102 mm.

4 Tire construction. R indicates that the tire is of Radial ply construction.

5 Wheel diameter. This 2-digit number is the diameter of the wheel rim in inches.

6 Load index. This 2 or 3-digit number is the weight each tire can support. This number isnot always shown.

7 Speed rating. When stated, indicates the maximum speed (in mph) at which the tirecan be used for extended periods. Q=99 mph (160 km/h), R=106 mph (170 km/h),S=112 mph (180 km/h), T=118 mph (190 km/h), U=124 mph (200 km/h), H=130 mph(210 km/h), V=149 mph (240 km/h), W=168 mph (270 km/h), Y=186 mph (300 km/h).

8 Tire composition and materials. The number of plies in both the tread area and thesidewall area indicates how many layers of rubber coated material make up thestructure of the tire. Information is also provided on the type of materials used.

9 Maximum tire load. The maximum load which can be carried by the tire.

10 Maximum permissible inflation pressure. This pressure should not be used for normaldriving.

11 U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN). Begins with the letters DOT and indicatesthat the tire meets all federal standards. The next 2 digits/letters represent the plantcode where it was manufactured, and the last 4 digits represent the week and year ofmanufacture. For example, the number 1712 is used to represent the 17th week of 2012.The other numbers are marketing codes used at the manufacturer’s discretion. Thisinformation can be used to contact consumers if a tire defect requires a recall.

12 Treadwear grade. This number indicates the tire’s wear rate. The higher the treadwearnumber is, the longer it should take for the tread to wear down. A tire rated at 400, forexample, lasts twice as long as a tire rated at 200.

13 Traction grade. Indicates a tire’s ability to stop on wet roads. A higher graded tireshould allow you to stop your vehicle in a shorter distance than a tire with a lowergrade. Traction is graded from highest to lowest as AA, A, B, and C.

14 Temperature grade. The tire’s resistance to heat is grade A, B, or C, with A indicatingthe greatest resistance. This grading is provided for a correctly inflated tire, which isbeing used within its speed and loading limits.

Wheels and Tires


Uniform Tire Quality GradingThe following information relates to the tiregrading system developed by the NationalHighway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA), which grades tires by tread wear,traction and temperature performance. Tiresthat have deep tread, and winter tires, areexempt from these marking requirements.

Where applicable, quality grades are found onthe tire’s sidewall between the tread shoulderand maximum section width. For example:

• TREADWEAR 180• TRACTION AA• TEMPERATURE A

The quality grades are described next.

Note: In addition to the marking requirements,passenger car tires must conform to FederalSafety Requirements.

Treadwear

The treadwear grade is a comparative ratingbased on the wear rate of the tire when testedunder controlled conditions on a specifiedgovernment test course.

For example, a tire graded 150 wears one anda half times better on a government testcourse than a tire graded 100. The relativeperformance of tires depends on the actualconditions of their use, however, and candepart significantly from the norm due tovariations in driving habits, service practices,road characteristics, and climate.

Traction

The traction grades, from highest to lowest,are: AA, A, B, and C. These grades represent atire’s ability to stop on wet pavement asmeasured under controlled conditions on testsurfaces of asphalt and concrete. A tiremarked C might have poor tractionperformance.

Warning: Defective tires are dangerous.Do not drive if a tire is damaged,excessively worn, or is inflated to anincorrect pressure. The safety of thevehicle and occupants can be adverselyaffected. Check tires regularly for wearand to ensure there are no cuts, bulges orexposure of the ply/cord structure.

Warning: The traction grade assigned tothe tire is based on straight-aheadbraking tests, and doesn’t include:

acceleration, cornering, hydroplaning orpeak traction characteristics.

Temperature

The temperature grades are A (the highest),B, and C, representing the tire’s resistance tothe generation of heat and its ability todissipate heat when tested under controlledconditions on a specified indoor laboratorytest wheel. Sustained high temperature cancause the tire to degenerate and reduce tirelife, and excessive temperature can lead tosudden tire failure.

The grade C corresponds to the minimumlevel of performance that all passenger cartires must meet under the Federal MotorSafety Standard No. 109. Grades B and Arepresent levels of performance on thelaboratory test wheel that exceed theminimum requirements.

Warning: A tire’s temperature grade isestablished for a tire that is properlyinflated and not overloaded. Excessivespeed, under-inflation, or excessiveloading, either separately or incombination, can cause heat buildup andpossible tire failure.

Wheels and Tires

Specifications 147

Wheels and Tires Glossary

Accessory Weight The combined weight (in excess of those items replaced) ofitems available as factory installed equipment.

Bead The inner edge of a tire that is shaped to fit to the rim and forman air tight seal. The bead is constructed of steel wires whichare wrapped, or reinforced, by the ply cords.

Cold Tire Pressure The air pressure in a tire that has been standing in excess ofthree hours, or driven for less than one mile.

Curb Weight The weight of a standard vehicle, including any optionalequipment fitted, and with the correct fluid levels.

Gross Vehicle Weight The maximum permissible weight of a vehicle with driver,passengers, load, luggage, and equipment.

kPa (kilo pascal) A metric unit used to measure pressure. One kilo pascal equalsapproximately 0.145 psi.

Maximum Inflation Pressure The maximum pressure to which the tire should be inflated.This pressure is given on the tire side wall in psi (lbf/in).

Caution: This pressure marked on the tire is the maximumallowed by the tire manufacturer. It is not the pressureTesla recommends using for Model S.

Maximum Loaded VehicleWeight

The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacityweight, and production options weight.

Production Options Weight The combined weight of options installed which weigh inexcess of 3 lb more than the standard items that they replaced,and are not already considered in curb or accessory weights.

PSI (lbf/in) Pounds per square inch (the unit used to measure tirepressure).

Recommended Tire InflationPressure

Tire inflation pressure, established by Tesla, which is based onthe type of tires that are mounted on the vehicle at the factory.This information can be found on the Tire and LoadingInformation label located on the door pillar.

Rim The metal support for a tire, or tire and tube, upon which thetire beads are seated.

Vehicle Capacity Weight The number of seats multiplied by 150 lbs plus the ratedamount of load/luggage.

Wheels and Tires


Tesla Roadside Assistance is available to you, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, for the duration ofyour warranty period.

To contact Roadside Assistance, call:

1-877-79TESLA (1-877-798-3752)

Advise the representative of the vehicle identification number (VIN), license plate number,mileage, your location, and the nature of the problem. The VIN is on the upper dashboard on thedriver’s side of your vehicle and is visible through the windshield.

Roadside Assistance covers transportation of Model S for up to 50 miles (80 kms) in the event ofa flat tire. However, owners are responsible for transportation expenses if the Battery is over-discharged. For a complete description of the terms and conditions of the Tesla RoadsideAssistance Program, refer to the policy that was provided to you by Tesla when you purchasedModel S.

It is your responsibility to provide vehicle transporters with instructions on how to transportModel S (see Instructions for Transporters on page 150).

Contacting Roadside Assistance

Roadside Assistance 149

Use a Flatbed OnlyUse a flatbed trailer only, unless otherwisespecified by Tesla. Do not transport Model Swith the tires directly on the ground.

Caution: Damage caused by transportingis not covered by the warranty.

Caution: To transport Model S, follow theinstructions exactly as described next.

Disable Self-Leveling (airsuspension vehicles only)If Model S is equipped with Smart AirSuspension, it automatically self-levels, evenwhen power is off. To prevent damage, youmust activate Jack mode to disable self-leveling:

1. Touch Controls > Suspension on thetouchscreen.

2. Press the brake pedal, then touch VeryHigh to maximize height.

3. Touch Jack.

When Jack mode is active,Model S displays this indicatorlight on the instrument panel,along with a message telling youthat active suspension isdisabled.

Note: Jack mode cancels when Model S isdriven over 4.5 mph (7 km/h).

Warning: Failure to activate Jack modeon a Model S equipped with Smart AirSuspension can result in the vehiclebecoming loose during transport, whichmay cause significant damage.

Activate Tow ModeModel S may automatically shift into Parkwhen it detects the driver leaving the vehicle,even if it has previously been shifted intoNeutral. To keep Model S in Neutral (whichdisengages the parking brake), you must usethe touchscreen to activate Tow mode:

1. Shift into Park.2. Press the brake pedal, then on the

touchscreen, touch Controls > Settings >Service & Reset > Tow Mode.

When Tow mode is active, Model Sdisplays this indicator light on theinstrument panel, along with amessage telling you that Model S isfree-rolling.

Note: Tow mode cancels when Model S isshifted into Park.

Caution: If the electrical system is notworking, and you therefore cannotrelease the electric parking brake,attempt to quick start the 12V battery.For instructions, call Tesla. If a situationoccurs where you cannot disengage theparking brake, use tire skids or transportModel S for the shortest possible distanceusing wheeled dollies. Before doing so,always check the dolly manufacturer’sspecifications and recommended loadcapacity.

Instructions for Transporters


Connect the Tow ChainThe method used to connect the tow chaindepends on whether Model S is equipped witha towing eye (located in the front trunk).

If not equipped with a towing eye:

1. Attach the tow chains to the large hole oneach of the rearmost lower suspensionarms underneath the front of the vehicle.

2. To protect the underbody from anydamage that could be caused by the towchains, place a 2" x 4" piece of woodbetween the tow chains and theunderbody.

Caution: Before pulling, position thewood between the tow chain and theunderbody to ensure the underbody isprotected from any damage that couldbe caused by the tow chain.

If equipped with a towing eye:

1. Remove the nose cone.

Insert a plastic pry tool into the top rightcorner, and gently pry the nose conetoward you. When the clip releases, pullthe nose cone toward you, withouttwisting or bending, to release the threeremaining clips.

2. Insert the towing eye.

Fully insert the towing eye (found in thefront trunk) into the opening on the rightside, then turn it counter-clockwise untilsecurely fastened.

3. Attach the tow chain to the towing eye.

Caution: Before pulling, make sure thetowing eye is securely tightened.


Roadside Assistance 151

Pull Onto the Trailer and Secure theWheelsSecure wheels using chocks and tie-downstraps:

• Ensure any metal parts on the tie-downstraps do not contact painted surfaces orthe face of the wheels.

• Do not place straps over body panels orthrough the wheels.

Caution: Attaching straps to the chassis,suspension or other parts of the vehicle'sbody may cause damage.

Caution: To prevent damage, do nottransport Model S with the tires directlyon the ground.



IllustrationsIllustrations are provided for demonstrationpurposes only. Depending on vehicle options,software version, region of purchase, andspecific vehicle settings, your Model S mayappear slightly different.

Although the owner information is applicableto both right-hand drive and left-hand drivevehicles, many illustrations show only left-hand drive vehicles. However, the essentialinformation that the illustrations are providingis correct.

Errors or InaccuraciesAll specifications and descriptions are knownto be accurate at time of publishing. However,because continuous improvement is a goal atTesla, we reserve the right to make productmodifications at any time. To communicateany inaccuracies or omissions, or to providegeneral feedback or suggestions regardingthe quality of this owner information, send anemail to:

[email protected]

Location of ComponentsThe owner information may specify thelocation of a component as being on the leftor right side of the vehicle. As shown here, left(1) and right (2) represent the side of thevehicle when sitting inside Model S in a front-facing seat.

Document ApplicabilityOwner information is updated on a regularbasis to reflect updates to your Model S.However, in some cases, recently releasedfeatures may not be described. To displayinformation about recently released features,view the Release Notes on the Model Stouchscreen. Release Notes are displayed onthe touchscreen after a software update, andcan be displayed at any time by touching theTesla "T" at the top center of the touchscreen,then touching the Release Notes link. Ifinformation related to how to use the Model Stouchscreen conflicts with information in theRelease Notes, the Release Notes takeprecedence.

About this Owner Information

Consumer Information 153

Copyrights and TrademarksAll information in this document and allModel S® software is subject to copyright andother intellectual property rights of TeslaMotors, Inc. and its licensors. This materialmay not be modified, reproduced or copied, inwhole or in part, without the prior writtenpermission of Tesla Motors, Inc. and itslicensors. Additional information is availableupon request. Tesla uses software created bythe Open Source community. Please visitTesla’s Open Source software website at http://www.teslamotors.com/opensource.The following are trademarks or registeredtrademarks of Tesla Motors, Inc. in the UnitedStates and other countries:

All other trademarks contained in thisdocument are the property of their respectiveowners and their use herein does not implysponsorship or endorsement of their productsor services. The unauthorized use of anytrademark displayed in this document or onthe vehicle is strictly prohibited.

About this Owner Information


http://www.teslamotors.com/opensource

Vehicle Telematics/Data RecordersThis vehicle is equipped with electronicmodules that monitor and record data fromvarious vehicle systems, including the motor,Battery, braking and electrical systems. Theelectronic modules record information aboutvarious driving and vehicle conditions,including braking, acceleration, trip and otherrelated information regarding your vehicle.These modules also record information aboutthe vehicle’s features such as charging eventsand status, the enabling/disabling of varioussystems, diagnostic trouble codes, VIN, speed,direction and location.

The data is stored by the vehicle and may beaccessed, used and stored by Tesla servicetechnicians during vehicle servicing orperiodically transmitted to Tesla wirelesslythrough the vehicle’s telematics system. Thisdata may be used by Tesla for variouspurposes, including, but not limited to:providing you with Tesla telematics services;troubleshooting; evaluation of your vehicle’squality, functionality and performance;analysis and research by Tesla and its partnersfor the improvement and design of ourvehicles and systems; and as otherwise maybe required by law. In servicing your vehicle,we can potentially resolve issues remotelysimply by reviewing your vehicle’s data log.

Tesla’s telematics system wirelessly transmitsvehicle information to Tesla on a periodicbasis. The data is used as described aboveand helps ensure the proper maintenance ofyour vehicle. Additional Model S features mayuse your vehicle’s telematics system and theinformation provided, including features suchas charging reminders, software updates, andremote access to, and control of, varioussystems of your vehicle.

Tesla does not disclose the data recorded inyour vehicle to any third party except when:

• An agreement or consent from thevehicle’s owner (or the leasing companyfor a leased vehicle) is obtained.

• Officially requested by the police or otherauthorities.

• Used as a defense for Tesla in a lawsuit.• Ordered by a court of law.• Used for research purposes without

disclosing details of the vehicle owner oridentification information.

• Disclosed to a Tesla affiliated company,including their successors or assigns, orour information systems and datamanagement providers.

In addition, Tesla does not disclose the datarecorded to an owner unless it pertains to anon-warranty repair service and in this case,will disclose only the data that is related tothe repair.

Quality ControlYou might notice a few miles/km on theodometer when you take delivery of yourModel S. This is a result of a comprehensivetesting process that ensures the quality ofyour Model S.

The testing process includes extensiveinspections during and after production. Thefinal inspection takes place at Tesla Motorsand includes a road test conducted by atechnician.

California Proposition 65Warning: Certain vehicle componentscontain or emit chemicals known to theState of California to cause cancer andbirth defects or other reproductive harm.In addition, certain fluids contained invehicles and certain products ofcomponent wear contain or emitchemicals known to the State ofCalifornia to cause cancer and birthdefects or other reproductive harm.

Warning: Certain components of thisvehicle such as airbag modules and seatbelt pre-tensioners may containPerchlorate Material. Special handlingmay be required for service or vehicleend of life disposal. See http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate.

Warning: Battery posts, terminals, andrelated accessories contain lead and leadcompounds. Wash hands after handling.

Disclaimers


Contacting TeslaFor detailed information about your Model S,go to www.teslamotors.com, click theMY TESLA link, then enter your logincredentials (or sign up to get thesecredentials).

If you have any questions or concerns aboutyour Model S, call 1-877-79TESLA(1-877‑798-3752).

Note: You can also use voice commands toprovide feedback to Tesla. Say "Note","Report", "Bug note", or "Bug report" followedby your brief comments. Model S takes asnapshot of its systems, including screencaptures of the touchscreen and instrumentpanel. Tesla periodically reviews these notesand uses them to continue improving Model S.For details, see Using Voice Commands onpage 38.

Reporting Safety Defects - USIf you believe that Model S has a defect whichcould cause a crash or could cause injury ordeath, you should immediately inform theNational Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration (NHTSA) in addition tonotifying Tesla Motors.

If NHTSA receives similar complaints, it mayopen an investigation. If it finds that a safetydefect exists in a group of vehicles, it mayorder a recall and remedy campaign.However, NHTSA cannot become involved inindividual problems between you, your dealer,or Tesla Motors.

To contact NHTSA, you may call the VehicleSafety Hotline toll-free at 1-888-327-4236(TTY: 1-800-424-9153); go to http://www.safercar.gov; or write to: Administrator,National Highway Traffic Safety, 1200 NewJersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590.You can also obtain other information aboutmotor vehicle safety from http://www.safercar.gov.

Reporting Safety Defects - CanadaIf you believe that your Model S has a defectwhich could cause a crash or could causeinjury or death, you should immediatelyinform Transport Canada, in addition tonotifying Tesla. To contact Transport Canada,call their toll-free number: 1-800-333-0510.

Reporting Concerns


Key and Passive Unlocking System

FCC Certification

ModelNumber

Mfr MHz TestedFor

A-0749G02 Pektron 315 USA

Canada

The devices listed above comply with Part 15of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions:

1. This device may not cause harmfulinterference, and

2. This device must accept any interferencereceived, including interference that maycause undesired operation.

Changes or modifications not expresslyapproved by Tesla could void the user'sauthority to operate the equipment.

MIC Certification

ModelNumber

Mfr MHz TestedFor

A-0749G04 Pektron 315 Japan

IC Certification

The following device is used in vehicles inCanada:

• Keyfob Model Number: A-0749G02(315 MHz)

• Keyfob Manufacturer: Pektron

Per IC 10176A-002, this device complies withIndustry Canada licence-exempt RSSstandard(s). Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions:



CE Certification

Model # Mfr MHz TestedFor

A-0749G01 Pektron 433 Europe

Australia

NewZealand

Singapore

Taiwan

Malaysia

A-0749G05 Pektron 433 China

HongKong

The devices listed above comply with CEstandards. Operation is subject to thefollowing two conditions:




NCC Certification

• Keyfob Model Numbers: A-0749G01(433 MHz)

• Keyfob Manufacturer: Pektron

According to NCC low-power radio waveradiation rate of motor managementmeasures:

Article XII of the type certified by the lowpower radio, non-licensed, company, firm oruser is not allowed to change the frequency,increase the power or change thecharacteristics of the original design andfunction.

Declarations of Conformity


Article XIV: The use of low-power radio-frequency devices shall not influence aircraftsecurity and interfere with legalcommunications; interference phenomenondiscovered over time, should be immediatelysuspended, and improved to no interferencebefore use can continue. Legalcommunications, referring to the provisions ofthe Telecommunications Act of radiocommunications operations. Low-power radiocommunications shall tolerate radio waveinterference from radiated devices, legal orindustrial, scientific and medical.

Device Approval - Australia

Device Approval - Hong Kong

Device Approval - Japan

Tire Pressure Monitoring SystemFCC IDs: TZSTPMS201, Z9F-201FS43X

IC ID: 11852A-201FS4X

The tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS)complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules andRSS-210 of Industry Canada. Operation issubject to the following two conditions:





Media Control Unit


Device Approval - Australia



HomeLinkThis device complies with Part 15 of the FCCrules and IC-RSS-210 Industry Canada.Operation is subject to the followingconditions:

• This device may not cause harmfulinterference.

• This device must accept any interferencereceived, including interference that maycause undesired operation.

Any changes or modifications to the devicenot expressly approved by the manufactureror Tesla Motors could void the user’s authorityto operate the equipment.

Radio Frequency InformationThis equipment has been tested and found tocomply with the limits for a Class B digitaldevice, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.These limits are designed to providereasonable protection against harmfulinterference in a residential installation. Thisequipment generates, uses and can radiateradio frequency energy and, if not installedand used in accordance with the instructions,may cause harmful interference to radiocommunications. However, there is noguarantee that interference will not occur in aparticular installation. If this equipment doescause harmful interference to radio ortelevision reception, which can be determinedby turning the equipment off and on, the useris encouraged to try to correct theinterference by one or more of the followingmeasures:

• Reorient or relocate the receivingantenna.

• Increase the separation between theequipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on acircuit different from that to which thereceiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experiencedradio/TV technician for help.



AABS (Anti-lock Braking System) 52Acceleration (dual motor) 74access panel, removing 123accessories

installing 133plugging into power socket 87

air circulation 81air conditioning 80air distribution 81air filter 82air suspension 84air vents 82airbags 32alarm 95all-season tires 111always connected, setting 70anti-lock braking (ABS) 52audio

playing files 85steering wheel buttons 37

auto-raising suspension 83

Bbackup camera 71battery (12V)

complete discharge 103specifications 141

Battery (high voltage)care of 103coolant 123specifications 142temperature limits 103

battery (key), replacing 5Bluetooth

devices, playing audio files from 86general information 88phone, pairing and using 88

body repairs 133body touch up 120brake fluid replacement 108brakes

fluid level 124overview of 52specifications 141

brightness of displays 77

Ccabin temperature control 80calendar 93California Proposition 65 155camera (rear view) 71car cover 120car washes 118carpets, cleaning 119CE certifications 157CHAdeMO 102chains 112change of ownership 79charge port 104charge port light 105charging

charge settings 106components and equipment 101instructions 104public charging stations 102scheduling 106status of 107

child protectiondisabling liftgate and rear door handles 7disabling rear window switches 9

child seatscleaning 119installing and using 23Tesla built-in rear facing 28

cleaning 118climate controls 80climate ionizer 77Cold Weather controls 74collision avoidance 58console

12V power socket 87cup holders 16USB ports 87

contact informationroadside assistance 149Tesla 156

coolantBattery, checking level of 123Battery, replacement interval 108

copyrights 153, 154cornering lights 50Creep 74cruise control 60cup holders 16customizing Model S 77

Ddashboard overview 2data recording 155day mode 77delivery mileage 155devices

Index


Bluetooth, playing audio files 86connecting 87playing audio files from 86

dimensions 138display brightness 77dome (map) lights 47door handles 6door labels 135doors 4Drive gear 42drive-away locking 7driver

profiles 36seat adjustment 17

driver assistanceforward collision warning 58overtake acceleration 60staying inside lane markings 57

drivingseating position 17starting Model S 41tips to maximize range 70

Eelectric parking brake 53emergency flashers 50emergency rear door opening 8emission label 134energy

gained from regenerative braking 53range information 43tips to minimize usage of 70

energy & charging setting 77energy app 70energy saving mode 70Erase & Reset 79event data recording 155exterior

car cover 120cleaning 118dimensions 138lights 47overview 3polishing, touch up, & repair 120

Ffactory defaults, restoring 79factory reset 79fan speed, interior 81favorites, adding and removing 86FCC certifications 157features, downloading new 99firmware (software) updates 99flash drives, playing audio files from 86flashers, warning 50flat tire repair 114floor mats 120fluids

replacement intervals 108reservoirs, checking 123

fog lights 47forward collision warning 58front passenger detection 34front trunk 12fuses

location of 126removing access panel 123

Ggarage doors, opening 96gates, opening 96GAWR 136gears 42glove box 14Gross Axle Weight Rating 136Gross Vehicle Weight Rating 136ground clearance 138GVWR 136

Hhazard warning flashers 50head supports 19headlights

after exit 50cornering lights 50

heated wipers 51heating 80height adjustments (suspension)

auto-raising 83automatic and manual settings 84disabling (Jack mode) 84

high voltageBattery specifications 142components 101safety 108

Hill Start Assist 68hitches 137HomeLink

Index

Index 161

FCC certification 159programming and using 96

hood 12horn 39

IIC certifications 157Ideal range 77identification labels 134indicator lights, summary of 44Insane setting (dual motor) 74instrument panel

charging status 107cleaning 119overview of 43

interiorcleaning 119lights 47overview 2temperature control 80

Internet radio 85intrusion detection 95ionizer 77

JJ1772 102Jack mode 84jacking Model S 132

Kkey

FCC and IC certifications 157how to use 4key not inside 41ordering extras 5replacing battery 5

keyless entry 4

Llabel

Tire and Loading Information 135vehicle certification 136

lane assist 57lane change flash 50lane departure warning 57language setting 77LATCH child seats, installing 26liftgate

adjust opening height 10opening 10

lifting Model S 132

lightscornering lights 50hazard warning 50headlights after exit 50turn signals 50

load limits 135location-based suspension 83lock/unlock status 43locking and unlocking doors 4lumbar support 17

Mmaintenance

brake fluid, checking 124cleaning 118daily and monthly checks 108fluid replacement intervals 108panel, removing 123replacing fuses 126replacing wiper blades 121service intervals 108tires 109washer fluid, topping up 125washer jets, cleaning 121

maps 90mats 120media 85mileage upon delivery 155mirrors 40mobile app 100Mobile Connector

description 102using 104

modifications 133motor specifications 140

Nnaming Model S 79navigation 90NCC certifications 157Neutral gear 42NHTSA, contacting 156night mode 77

Ooccupancy sensor 34odometer

on instrument panel 43resetting trip odometer 69

overhang dimensions 138overtake acceleration 60Owner Information, about 153, 154

Index


PPark Assist 66Park gear 42parking brake 53parts replacement 133passenger detection 34passenger front airbag 34personal data, erasing 79phone

steering wheel controls for 38using 88

power management 70power socket 87power windows 9powering on and off 41preferences, setting 77Proposition 65 155public charging stations 102

Rradio 85radio frequency, FCC information 159rain sensor 51range

displayed on instrument panel 43driving tips to maximize 70regenerative braking 53

range mode 70Range Mode 74Rated range 77rear seats, folding and raising 18rear view camera 71rear window switches, disabling 9regenerative braking 53region format 77release notes 99Reverse gear 42roadside assistance 149roof racks 137rotating tires 110

Ssafety defects

reporting (Canada) 156reporting (U.S.) 156

safety informationairbags 35child seats 27rear facing child seats 30seat belts 21

seat belts

cleaning 119in a collision 21overview of 20pre-tensioners 21wearing when pregnant 20

seat covers 19seat heaters 80seating capacity 135seats

adjusting 17heaters 80Tesla built-in rear facing 28

security settings 95service data recording 155service intervals 108Settings 77Settings, erasing 79shifting gears 42Slacker 85slip start 54Smart Preconditioning 77software reset 79software updates 99specifications

dimensions 138exterior 138subsystems 140tires 144weights 139wheels 143

stability control 54starting Model S 41steering specifications 140steering wheel 37summer tires 111sunroof 15suspension 84suspension specifications 141

Ttelematics 155telephone

steering wheel controls for 38using 88

temperatureBattery (high voltage), limits 103cabin, controls for 80outside 43tires 147

tie-down straps 152tilt detection 95Tire and Loading Information label 135tire noise 112Tire Pressure Monitoring System

FCC certification 158overview of 112

tire pressures, checking 109

Index

Index 163

tire repair kitinflating with air only 116inflating with sealant 115replacing the sealant canister 117

tiresall-season 111balancing 110chains 112industry glossary of terms 148inspecting and maintaining 110pressures, how to check 109quality grading 147replacing 111replacing a tire sensor 113rotation 110specification 144summer 111temperature grades 147tire markings 145tire sealant 114traction grade 147treadwear grade 147winter 112

touch up body 120touchscreen

clean mode 119cleaning 119Controls 74overview 72Settings 77software updates 99

tow chain, connecting 151Tow mode 150towing 150towing a trailer 137towing instructions 150TPMS

FCC certification 158overview of 112

traction control 54trademarks 153, 154traffic alerts 86Traffic-Aware Cruise Control 60trailer hitches 137transmission specifications 140Transport Canada, contacting 156transporting 150trip chart 70trip information 69trunk, front 12trunk, rear

child protection lock 7disabling interior handle 7

TuneIn 85turn signals 50

Uuniform tire quality grading 147Units & Format 77unlocking

trunk, front 12trunk, rear 10

unlocking and locking doors 4unlocking when key doesn't work 7USB devices

connecting 87playing audio files from 86

USB ports 87

Vvehicle certification label 136Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) 134vehicle loading 135vent, sunroof 15ventilation 82VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) 134volume control 72

Wwalk-away locking 7Wall Connector 102warning flashers 50warning lights, summary of 44washer fluid, topping up 125washer jets, cleaning 121washers, using 51weight specifications 139wheel chocks 152wheels

alignment 110replacing 111specifications 143

Wi-Fi, connecting to 98windshield washer fluid, topping up 125winter tires 112wiper blades, replacing 121wipers and washers 51wipers, de-icing 51

XXM radio 85

Index


model s owners manual

Documents