mobility group 1 *third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners 1 802.16e...

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*Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners

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802.16e : A Mobile Broadband 802.16e : A Mobile Broadband Wireless StandardWireless Standard

Jose Puthenkulam Jose Puthenkulam

(([email protected]@intel.com))

Manager, WiMAX StandardsManager, WiMAX Standards

Hujun YinHujun Yin

(([email protected]@intel.com))

Senior Wireless ArchitectSenior Wireless ArchitectBroadband Wireless Division Broadband Wireless Division

Mobility Group, Intel CorporationMobility Group, Intel Corporation

Copyright © 2005 Intel Corporation

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AgendaAgenda

• Standard OverviewStandard Overview

• OFDMA Physical Layer DescriptionOFDMA Physical Layer Description

• MAC Layer DescriptionMAC Layer Description

• SummarySummary

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802.16-2004 Fixed Applications802.16-2004 Fixed Applications(Licensed/Unlicensed- Non-LOS: < 11GHz (Licensed/Unlicensed- Non-LOS: < 11GHz

& LOS: 10-66GHz)& LOS: 10-66GHz)

802.16e Combined Fixed and Mobile 802.16e Combined Fixed and Mobile Applications Applications (Licensed : Non-LOS: < 6GHz)(Licensed : Non-LOS: < 6GHz)

Dec 2005

802.16 Standard Evolution802.16 Standard Evolution

802.16f 802.16f Fixed MIBsFixed MIBs

802.16 standard evolution based on latest air interface 802.16 standard evolution based on latest air interface technologies and changing worldwide regulatory environment technologies and changing worldwide regulatory environment

IEEE StandardsIEEE StandardsPending ApprovalPending ApprovalUnder developmentUnder development

Planning StagePlanning Stage

Cor1 Cor1 (Corrections)(Corrections)

Nov 2005

802.16 MMR SG - 802.16 MMR SG - Mobile Multi-hop Relay Mobile Multi-hop Relay Study Group Study Group Starts May 2006

802.16g 802.16g Fixed and Mobile ManagementFixed and Mobile Management

~Q1 2007

802.16h LE 802.16h LE Co-existence ProceduresCo-existence Procedures

(Unlicensed) (Unlicensed)

5.8 GHz, LE TV Bands, 5.8 GHz, LE TV Bands, Non-exclusive licensed bandsNon-exclusive licensed bands

(US: FCC 3650-3700 MHz)(US: FCC 3650-3700 MHz)

~Q1 2007

Starts Jan 2006

802.16i 802.16i Mobile MIBsMobile MIBs

~Q1 2007

Overview

Tentative schedule

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Fixed Fixed OutdoorOutdoor

Fixed MobileNomadic/Portable

ACCESS METROZONE MOBILITY

802.16e802.16e

Wi-Fi Hotspot

Wi-Fi

802.16-2004802.16-2004

BackhaulBackhaul

Nomadicity/Nomadicity/PortabilityPortability

EnterpriseEnterpriseCampus PiconetCampus Piconet

802.16e802.16e

Fixed Fixed IndoorIndoor Mobile DataMobile Data

Technology EvolutionUsage Models Usage Models

802.16 Technology enables diverse usage models 802.16 Technology enables diverse usage models from fixed to fully mobilefrom fixed to fully mobile

Overview

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MAC Common Part Sub Layer

Security Sublayer

Overview

Convergence Sub Layer

IPv4/IPv6 EthernetPacket

ClassifiersHeader

Suppression

Fixed 802.16-2004

PHY Layers

Single Carrier

(10-66GHz & < 11 GHz)

OFDM-256 FFT (<11GHz) (AAS, STC

subchannels)

OFDMA ( < 11GHz)2048 FFT, subchannelization, CC,

CTC, BTC, AAS, STC, MIMO

1024, 512, 128 FFT modes, LDPC,Extensions for H-ARQ, STC, MIMO

Network Entry

PDU Operation QoS - Scheduling

Privacy & Key Management - PKMv1 RSA, HMAC, AES-CCM

Air Link ControlConnection

Management

HandoverSupport

Power Management

MBS

Mobile 802.16e+

Fixed + Mobile Standard Fixed + Mobile Standard

PKMv2 – EAP, CMAC, AES-CTR, MBS Security

ATM

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802.16e Salient Features802.16e Salient Features

High DataHigh DataRatesRates

ScalabilityScalability

MobilityMobility

SecuritySecurity

Scalable PHY for capable of 1.25-20 MHz. Scalable PHY for capable of 1.25-20 MHz. Mobile WiMAX Global Profiles of 5 & 10MHz proposed. Mobile WiMAX Global Profiles of 5 & 10MHz proposed. Flexible frequency re-use schemes for network planning.Flexible frequency re-use schemes for network planning.

QoSQoS Traffic types, QoS with Service Flows, Advanced SchedulingTraffic types, QoS with Service Flows, Advanced Scheduling Framework, Adaptive Modulation & Coding, ARQ, H-ARQ Framework, Adaptive Modulation & Coding, ARQ, H-ARQ

EAP authentication, Encryption with AES-CCM, EAP authentication, Encryption with AES-CCM, CMAC Authentication mode, X.509 Certificates, Key Binding,CMAC Authentication mode, X.509 Certificates, Key Binding,

Device and User authentication capabilityDevice and User authentication capability

Secure Optimized Hard Handover, Secure Optimized Hard Handover, Fast BS Switching Handover, Fast BS Switching Handover,

Power Management with Sleep and Idle modesPower Management with Sleep and Idle modes

Larger MAC frames with low overhead, Advanced FEC, Larger MAC frames with low overhead, Advanced FEC, Adaptive modulation, H-ARQ for reducing packet loss, Adaptive modulation, H-ARQ for reducing packet loss,

Full MIMO and Beamforming supportFull MIMO and Beamforming support

Overview

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OFDMA Physical Layer OFDMA Physical Layer DescriptionDescription

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All

User 1

User 2

User 3

User 4

• Multiple users keep orthogonal subchannels Multiple users keep orthogonal subchannels during multiple accessduring multiple access– Reduce interferenceReduce interference– Improve capacityImprove capacity

• Flexible subchannelizationFlexible subchannelization– Pseudo-random permutation for diversity

– Contiguous permutation for selectivity• High granularity bandwidth allocationHigh granularity bandwidth allocation• Scalable structureScalable structure

OFDMA – Multi User AccessOFDMA – Multi User AccessPHY

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OFDMA TDD Frame StructureOFDMA TDD Frame Structure

RTGRTGTTGTTG

SSS+1S+1

S+LS+L

S+2S+2S

ub

Ch

an

ne

ls L

og

ica

l Nu

mb

er

Su

b C

ha

nn

els

Lo

gic

al N

um

be

r

Time – OFDMA Symbols (Ts)Time – OFDMA Symbols (Ts)

PR

EA

MB

LEP

RE

AM

BLE

UL-

MA

PU

L-M

AP

DL-

MA

PD

L-M

AP

FCHFCH

DL-

MA

PD

L-M

AP

DL Burst #1DL Burst #1



DL DL Burst #5Burst #5

Burst #4Burst #4

UL Burst #1UL Burst #1



kk k+1k+1 k+2k+2 k+ik+i

DLDL ULUL DLDL

PR

EA

MB

LEP

RE

AM

BLE

DL-

MA

PD

L-M

AP

FC

HF

CH

Ranging ChannelsRanging Channels

QPSK QPSK 1/21/2

16QAM 16QAM 3/43/4

64QAM64QAM3/43/4

64QAM64QAM2/32/3

16QAM16QAM1/21/2

QPSK QPSK ¾¾

QPSK QPSK 1/41/4

PHY

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Scalability for OFDMAScalability for OFDMA• Broadband wireless spectrum worldwide is not fully Broadband wireless spectrum worldwide is not fully

harmonizedharmonized• CDMA does not scale well with multiple channel bandwidthsCDMA does not scale well with multiple channel bandwidths

– CDMA 2000 = 1.25MHz channelsCDMA 2000 = 1.25MHz channels– WCDMA/HSDPA = 5 MHz channelsWCDMA/HSDPA = 5 MHz channels

• OFDMA allows for optimal operation in varying channel widthsOFDMA allows for optimal operation in varying channel widths– OFDMA = 1.25 MHz, 2.5, 5, 10, 14 and 20 MHz channelsOFDMA = 1.25 MHz, 2.5, 5, 10, 14 and 20 MHz channels

5 MHz5 MHz1.25 1.25 MHzMHz

channel widthschannel widths

CDMA optimized for CDMA optimized for single bandwidth single bandwidth

Codes spread Codes spread over the channelover the channel

20MHz20MHz14MHz14MHz5MHz5MHz1.251.25 10MHz10MHz

channel widthschannel widths

OFDMA processing structure OFDMA processing structure scales with bandwidthscales with bandwidth

Subcarriers independent Subcarriers independent over the channelover the channel

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1 Peak PHY Data Rate=(Data subcarriers/Symbol period)*(information bits per symbol)

Peak PHY Data Rates (Mbps)1

802.16e SOFDMA PUSC System Parameters 802.16e SOFDMA PUSC System Parameters

(*Theoretical values computed from 802.16e draft standard) (*Theoretical values computed from 802.16e draft standard)

Parameter Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

System Bandwidth 5 MHz 10 MHz

FFT Size 512 1024

Null Sub-carriers 92 104 184 184

Pilot Sub-carriers 60 136 120 280

Data Sub-carriers 360 272 720 560

Sub-channels 15 17 30 35

Symbol Period, Ts 100.8 µs

BandwidthMCS

5 MHz 10 MHzDownlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

QPSK- ½ CC, 6x 0.60 0.45 1.19 0.93 4x 0.89 0.69 1.79 1.39

2x 1.79 1.35 3.57 2.78 1x 3.57 2.70 7.14 5.55

QPSK- ¾ CC 5.36 4.05 10.71 8.33

16QAM ½ CC 7.14 5.40 14.28 11.11

16QAM ¾ CC 10.71 8.10 21.42 16.66

64QAM ½ CC 10.71 8.10 21.42 16.66

64QAM 2/3 CC 14.29 10.79 28.56 22.21

64QAM 3/4 CC 16.07 12.14 32.14 25.00

OFDMA Peak Data Rates*OFDMA Peak Data Rates* PHY

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4x1 BF (1x)

4x4 Spatial Multiplexing (4x)

4x2 STC (2x)

• AAS (beamforming)AAS (beamforming)

– Improve link budget Improve link budget

– Reduce interferenceReduce interference

• STC (Space time code) STC (Space time code)

– Reduce fade margin Reduce fade margin by spatial diversity by spatial diversity

• Spatial multiplexingSpatial multiplexing

– Improve capacityImprove capacity

Smart Antenna SupportSmart Antenna SupportPHY

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MIMO-OFDMA ArchitectureMIMO-OFDMA ArchitectureMIMO operation on frequency domainMIMO operation on frequency domain

– Flat subcarriers - hFlat subcarriers - hijij is scalar is scalar

– Simple frequency domain equalizerSimple frequency domain equalizer– Scalable with bandwidthScalable with bandwidth

Foundation for broadband wireless evolutionFoundation for broadband wireless evolution

A

B

C

Multi-Element Transmitter Multi-Element Receiver

MIM

O E

nc

od

er

FF

T ...

.

.

.

.

.

.

IFFT

IFFT

IFFT

IFFT

MIM

O D

ec

od

er

D

MIM

O S

ub

-ch

Ma

pp

ing

h11

h12

h31

h34

y = Hs + n

h11 h21 …….. hN1

h12 h22 …….. hN2

h1M h2M ……. hNM

. . …….. .

NT

MRH =

PHY

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Mobile WiMAX* PHY ParametersMobile WiMAX* PHY Parameters

• Carrier Frequency Bands:Carrier Frequency Bands:– 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz

• Duplexing: TDDDuplexing: TDD• ChannelizationChannelization

– 8.75 MHz /10 MHz (1024 FFT)8.75 MHz /10 MHz (1024 FFT)– 5 MHz / 4.375MHz (512 FFT)5 MHz / 4.375MHz (512 FFT)

• Modulation: feedback-based adaptive QPSK to 64 Modulation: feedback-based adaptive QPSK to 64 QAMQAM

• Error Correction: Convolutional Code (Tail-Biting) Error Correction: Convolutional Code (Tail-Biting) and Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC)and Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC)

• Error Control: H-ARQ with Chase CombiningError Control: H-ARQ with Chase Combining• 2xN MIMO: Space-Time Coding (Alamouti Code) 2xN MIMO: Space-Time Coding (Alamouti Code)

and Spatial Multiplexingand Spatial Multiplexing

PHY

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Sector Throughput (TDD 10MHz)Sector Throughput (TDD 10MHz)

Transmit modeTransmit mode Downlink throughput per Downlink throughput per sector/per channelsector/per channel

SISOSISO 7.7 Mbps7.7 Mbps

2x2 MIMO2x2 MIMO 14.0 Mbps14.0 Mbps

2x4 MIMO2x4 MIMO 20.7 Mbps20.7 Mbps

Transmit modeTransmit mode Uplink throughput per Uplink throughput per sector/per channelsector/per channel

SISOSISO 2.4Mbps2.4Mbps

1x2 Virtual MIMO1x2 Virtual MIMO 5.3Mbps5.3Mbps

Asymmetry Ratio: 2:1 (DL Bandwidth is 2 x UL Bandwidth)Asymmetry Ratio: 2:1 (DL Bandwidth is 2 x UL Bandwidth)

PHY

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OFDMA Physical Layer is optimized for Mobile OFDMA Physical Layer is optimized for Mobile broadband:broadband:

• Robustness against freq. selective fading Robustness against freq. selective fading • Robustness against ISIRobustness against ISI• Orthogonal multi-user accessOrthogonal multi-user access• High data rate in both downlink/uplinkHigh data rate in both downlink/uplink• Efficient implementationEfficient implementation• Flexible & scalable architectureFlexible & scalable architecture• MIMOMIMO

PHY

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MAC Layer DescriptionMAC Layer Description

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QoS – Connection Oriented MACQoS – Connection Oriented MAC

• Associate packets into service flowAssociate packets into service flow• Define QoS parameter for each service flowDefine QoS parameter for each service flow• Dynamically establishing QoS-enabled service flows Dynamically establishing QoS-enabled service flows • Associate QoS service flow with logical connectionsAssociate QoS service flow with logical connections

QoS Logical QoS Logical ConnectionsConnections

BS MACBS MACMS1 MS1 MACMAC

MS2 MACMS2 MAC

Traffic Traffic ClassifieClassifie

rr

PrioritPriority y

QueueQueuess

Service Service flowsflows

SchedulerScheduler

Service Service flow over flow over

QoS QoS connectionconnection

ss

Enables efficient QoS over the airEnables efficient QoS over the air

MAC

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QoS – Data Service TypesQoS – Data Service TypesQoS CategoryQoS Category ApplicationsApplications QoS specificationsQoS specifications

UGSUGSUn-Solicited Grant Un-Solicited Grant

ServiceService

VoIPVoIP • Maximum sustained rateMaximum sustained rate

• Maximum latencyMaximum latency

• Jitter toleranceJitter tolerance

rtPSrtPSReal-Time Packet Real-Time Packet

ServiceService

Stream Audio, Stream Audio, VideoVideo

• Minimum reserved rate Minimum reserved rate

• Maximum sustained rateMaximum sustained rate

• Maximum Latency Maximum Latency

ErtPSErtPSExtended Real-Time Extended Real-Time

Packet ServicePacket Service

Voice with Voice with Activity Detection Activity Detection

(VoIP)(VoIP)

• Minimum reserved rate Minimum reserved rate

• Maximum sustained rateMaximum sustained rate

• Maximum Latency Maximum Latency

nrtPSnrtPSNon-Real-Time Non-Real-Time Packet ServicePacket Service

FTPFTP • Minimum reserved rate Minimum reserved rate

• Maximum sustained rate Maximum sustained rate

• Traffic priority Traffic priority

BEBEBest-Effort ServiceBest-Effort Service

DataData • Maximum sustained traffic rateMaximum sustained traffic rate

• Traffic priorityTraffic priority

MAC

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QoS - Fast Scheduler ArchitectureQoS - Fast Scheduler Architecture

PHY

MAC

PHY

Air Link Control

Air Link Control

Connection Control

Connection Control

BS MS

Scheduling service

MAC

Traffic

Fast Scheduler: The engine for data oriented MACFast Scheduler: The engine for data oriented MAC

MAC

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MAC OperationMAC Operation

Secured TrafficSecured TrafficNon-Secured TrafficNon-Secured Traffic

Downlink Scan Downlink Scan and and

SynchronizationSynchronization

(Preamble, DL-MAP)(Preamble, DL-MAP)

Uplink Parameter Uplink Parameter AcquisitionAcquisition

(UL-MAP)(UL-MAP)

UL Ranging & UL Ranging & Time Sync. Time Sync.

(RNG-REQ/RSP)(RNG-REQ/RSP)

Basic Capability Basic Capability NegotiationNegotiation

(SBC-REQ/RSP)(SBC-REQ/RSP)

Registration with Registration with Serving BSServing BS(REG-REQ/RSP)(REG-REQ/RSP)

IP Data Transport IP Data Transport Connection Connection EstablishedEstablished

MS Authorization & MS Authorization & Key Exchange Key Exchange

(PKMv2)(PKMv2)

Sleep ModeSleep ModeNeighbor ScanningNeighbor Scanning

/Handover/Handover

Active DL/UL DataActive DL/UL Data

Transmission withTransmission with

Serving BSServing BS

Idle ModeIdle Mode

MAC

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Handover OverviewHandover Overview• Handover SchemesHandover Schemes

– Optimized Hard Handover (OHHO)Optimized Hard Handover (OHHO)– Fast Base Station Switching (FBSS)Fast Base Station Switching (FBSS)

• Handover ControlHandover Control– Mobile initiatedMobile initiated– BS initiatedBS initiated– Network initiatedNetwork initiated

• Handover SchedulingHandover Scheduling– Non-overlapping Subchannels Non-overlapping Subchannels

between sectorsbetween sectors– Robust modulations in cell edgeRobust modulations in cell edge

• Cell SelectionCell Selection– Neighbor Advertisements from Neighbor Advertisements from

Serving BSServing BS– Periodic intervals for scanning Periodic intervals for scanning

neighbor BS’sneighbor BS’s• Security for HandoverSecurity for Handover

– 3-way Handshake for Authentication 3-way Handshake for Authentication Key validationKey validation

– TEK sharing for FBSS modesTEK sharing for FBSS modesServing SectorServing Sector

Neighbor Sectors ScannedNeighbor Sectors Scanned

MSMSBSBS

BSBS

BSBS

MAC

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Power Saving Sleep ModePower Saving Sleep Mode

• MS Listens for integer MS Listens for integer number of frames called number of frames called listening intervallistening interval..

• Paging detected in this Paging detected in this interval. interval.

• If Data traffic waiting on BS If Data traffic waiting on BS it is indicated.it is indicated.

ListensListens

Periodic listening IntervalsPeriodic listening Intervals

SleepsSleeps

• MS sleeps for integer # MS sleeps for integer # of frames called of frames called sleep sleep intervalinterval. .

• No MS Tx or Rx during No MS Tx or Rx during this interval.this interval.

• Power saving classes Power saving classes supported provide supported provide flexible wake up flexible wake up methods.methods.

SleepsSleeps

Periodic sleep IntervalsPeriodic sleep Intervals

• MS Normal Tx or Rx MS Normal Tx or Rx

• MS requests BS to MS requests BS to enter sleep mode to enter sleep mode to save power. save power.

• Sleep mode ‘start Sleep mode ‘start frame’ is indicated.frame’ is indicated.

ActiveActive

Frames received Frames received and MS statesand MS states

Sleep Mode enables flexible power savingSleep Mode enables flexible power saving

ListensListens

MAC

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Receive Only Idle ModeReceive Only Idle Mode• MS uses special mode called MS uses special mode called

“Idle mode” to receive “Idle mode” to receive broadcast/multicast service broadcast/multicast service without UL Txwithout UL Tx

• MS associates to broadcast MS associates to broadcast region formed by paging groupregion formed by paging group

• DL traffic received but no UL DL traffic received but no UL Tx within broadcast regionTx within broadcast region

• Cell Selection may occur but Cell Selection may occur but no HO requiredno HO required

• MS can be paged for DL traffic MS can be paged for DL traffic alertingalerting

• Paging controller in the Paging controller in the network co-ordinates DL traffic network co-ordinates DL traffic and pagingand paging

Paging Paging Group 1Group 1




BS with 6 sectors BS with 6 sectors Idle Mode enables power efficient Idle Mode enables power efficient

Multicast/Broadcast Services (MBS)Multicast/Broadcast Services (MBS)

MAC

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Security - OverviewSecurity - Overview• AuthenticationAuthentication

– X.509 certificates using RSA or EAP-TLS authenticationX.509 certificates using RSA or EAP-TLS authentication– SIM, USIM, SmartCards using EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, EAP-SIM, USIM, SmartCards using EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, EAP-

SmartCard methodsSmartCard methods– Other EAP method based credentialsOther EAP method based credentials

• Key ManagementKey Management– Privacy Key Management Protocol (v2). Native 802.16 protocol Privacy Key Management Protocol (v2). Native 802.16 protocol

for enhanced 802.1X like functionalityfor enhanced 802.1X like functionality– Authentication, Integrity, Handshake and Traffic Encryption KeysAuthentication, Integrity, Handshake and Traffic Encryption Keys– Key contexts, Security Associations and Lifetime managementKey contexts, Security Associations and Lifetime management– Broadcast, multicast keysBroadcast, multicast keys

• Control Message ProtectionControl Message Protection– FIPS approved CMAC & HMAC message authenticationFIPS approved CMAC & HMAC message authentication

• Traffic Protection Cipher SuitesTraffic Protection Cipher Suites– FIPS approved AES-CCM authenticated data encryption (like FIPS approved AES-CCM authenticated data encryption (like

802.11i)802.11i)– Traffic Encryption Key refresh mechanism for high data ratesTraffic Encryption Key refresh mechanism for high data rates

MAC

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Security - ArchitectureSecurity - ArchitectureMSMS

ServingServingBSBS

AAAAAAServerServer

EAPEAP

AAA (RADIUS, Diameter)AAA (RADIUS, Diameter)802.16 802.16 PKM v2 Authentication PKM v2 Authentication

802.16 PKM v2802.16 PKM v2Traffic EncryptionTraffic Encryption

Backhaul link Backhaul link

User credential EAP method User credential EAP method (ex: EAP-TLS, EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA) (ex: EAP-TLS, EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA)

Device and User Authentication Device and User Authentication

Device credential EAP method Device credential EAP method (ex: EAP-TLS) (Optional)(ex: EAP-TLS) (Optional)

Crypto Crypto BindingBinding

of of derivedderivedkeys keys

PMKPMKDerivedDerived

TEK TEK UsedUsed

MAC

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MAC Layer is optimally designed for:MAC Layer is optimally designed for:

• High data ratesHigh data rates• QoS for various traffic typesQoS for various traffic types• Pt-to-pt and Pt-to-Multi-Pt applicationsPt-to-pt and Pt-to-Multi-Pt applications• Maximal flexibility in scheduling for QoSMaximal flexibility in scheduling for QoS• Advanced air link controlAdvanced air link control• Optimal mobility and power managementOptimal mobility and power management• Enhanced securityEnhanced security

MAC

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SummarySummary• OFDMA is the leading edge mobile OFDMA is the leading edge mobile

broadband physical layer technology with a broadband physical layer technology with a rich and flexible feature setrich and flexible feature set

• The QoS based MAC layer provides The QoS based MAC layer provides flexibility for high data rates and flexible flexibility for high data rates and flexible deployment strategiesdeployment strategies

• 802.16e technology will drive even further 802.16e technology will drive even further broadband wireless innovation in the broadband wireless innovation in the market placemarket place

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Unwire your life Unwire your life

Thanks to Thanks to IEEE Communications SocietyIEEE Communications Society

Santa Clara ValleySanta Clara Valley

mobility group 1 *third party marks and brands are the property of their respective owners 1 802.16e...

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