mobilising communities for immunization …1).pdf · 7 5 th at 9 months measles measles ......

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Printed with support from UNICEF and partners Photo of VHT conducting a community meeting What VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICES

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Page 1: MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION …1).pdf · 7 5 th At 9 Months Measles Measles ... childhood immunizable diseases ... MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICES

Printed with support from UNICEF and partners

Photo of VHT conducting a

community meeting

What VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION

SERVICES

Page 2: MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION …1).pdf · 7 5 th At 9 Months Measles Measles ... childhood immunizable diseases ... MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICES

MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICESWhat VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

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MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICESWhat VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

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1. Introduction

Immunization is the most important health programme that protects children from vaccine preventable diseases. You as Village Health Teams have a responsibility to mobilize communities and give them correct messages on immunization so that parents and caretakers can take their children for immunization and complete immunization schedule. This booklet therefore is aimed at providing you with basic facts about immunization, its benefits and the basic messages to deliver to the parents and caretakers to promote immunization services in your communities.

2. What is immunization?

Immunization is a means of protecting a person against specific diseases by building the body’s defense system so that it is able to fight off diseases. This is achieved through giving vaccines to a child by mouth and by injections. The act of giving vaccines to the child either by mouth or by injection is called vaccination.

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MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICESWhat VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

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3. Who should be immunized?

All children below one year should be immunized against the vaccine preventable diseases. However, children above one year but below five years and have not been immunized should receive the doses they missed at the earliest opportunity. Children should complete the immunization schedule before their first birthday. You should mobilize parents and caretakers to take them for immunization 5 times before they are one year old.

All girls and women of child bearing age (15-49 years) including pregnant women should be immunized against tetanus. This protects them and their unborn babies against tetanus. Immunization against tetanus for girls should start at the age of 15 years.

4. How is Immunization done?

Polio vaccine is administered by putting drops in the mouth of the baby while all other vaccines are given by injections.

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MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICESWhat VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

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5. How effective is Immunization?

All vaccines are very effective in preventing diseases only when all recommended doses have been completed. These vaccines have been approved by Ministry of Health, World Health Organisation and UNICEF.

6. Immunisation schedule for children

Parents should immunize their children Five times before one year old.

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MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICESWhat VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

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CON

TACT

AGE

VACC

INE

DIS

EASE

PR

EVEN

TED

HO

W A

ND

WH

ERE

VACC

INE

IS G

IVEN

1st

At B

irth

Polio

0

BCG

Polio

Tube

rcul

osis

Drop

s in

the

Mou

th

Inje

ctio

n on

the

right

upp

er a

rm

2nd

At 6

wee

ks(1

1/2

mon

ths)

Polio

1

DPT1

-Hep

B1

+Hib

1

PCV

1

Polio

Diph

ther

ia, W

hoop

ing,

Tet

anus

, Hep

atiti

s B,

& h

aem

ophi

lus

influ

ezae

type

b

Pneu

mon

ia

Drop

s in

the

mou

th

Inje

ctio

n on

the

Left

thig

h

Inje

ctio

n on

the

right

thig

h

3rd

At 1

0 we

eks

(21/

2 m

onth

s)

Polio

2

DPT2

-Hep

B2

+Hib

2

PCV

2

Polio

Diph

ther

ia, W

hoop

ing,

Tet

anus

, Hep

atiti

s B,

& h

aem

ophi

lus

influ

ezae

type

b

Pneu

mon

ia

Drop

s in

the

mou

th

Inje

ctio

n o

n th

e Le

ft th

igh

Inje

ctio

n on

the

right

thig

h

4th

At 1

4 we

eks

(31/

2 m

onth

s)

Polio

3

DPT3

-He

pB3+

Hib3

PCV

3

Polio

Diph

ther

ia, W

hoop

ing,

Tet

anus

, Hep

atiti

s B

& h

aem

ophi

lus

influ

ezae

type

b

Pneu

mon

ia

Drop

s in

the

mou

th

Inje

ctio

n-Le

ft up

per t

high

Inje

ctio

n on

the

right

thig

h

i) Im

muniz

ation

sche

dule

for ch

ildre

n

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MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICESWhat VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

7

5th

At 9

Mon

ths

Mea

sles

Mea

sles

Inje

ctio

n on

the

Left

uppe

r arm

At 6

mon

ths

and

ever

y 6

mon

ths

until

ch

ild is

5

year

s

Vita

min

A

Supp

lem

ent

Prev

ent b

lindn

ess

and

stre

ngth

en

resi

stan

ce a

gain

st o

ther

dis

ease

sDr

ops

in th

e m

outh

ii) Im

muniz

ation

sche

dule

for w

omen

again

st tet

anus

Age

Min

imum

inte

rval

bet

wee

n do

ses

Vacc

ine

give

nD

isea

se

prev

ente

dAt

15

year

s/fir

st c

onta

ct n

on-

preg

nant

wom

enNi

lTe

tanu

s To

xoid

Teta

nus

1st c

onta

ct w

ith p

regn

ant w

oman

Nil

Teta

nus

Toxo

idTe

tanu

s

2nd c

onta

ctAt

leas

t 1 m

onth

afte

r TT1

Teta

nus

Toxo

idTe

tanu

s

3rd C

onta

ctAt

leas

t 6 m

onth

s af

ter T

T2Te

tanu

s To

xoid

Teta

nus

4th c

onta

ctAt

leas

t 1 y

ear a

fter T

T3Te

tanu

s To

xoid

Teta

nus

5th c

onta

ctAt

leas

t 1 y

ear a

fter T

T4Te

tanu

s To

xoid

Teta

nus

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MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICESWhat VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

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7. What are the benefits of Immunization?

Immunisation strengthens a child’s ability to fight diseases

Reduces chances of children suffering from childhood immunizable diseases

Protects children from liver disease and cancer later in life

Prevents complications such as lameness and blindness in children and burden to parent, community and nation

Contributes to child’s proper growth and development

Reduces costs in terms of time and money spent on treatment. This contributes to socio-economic development

Protects the entire community from the 9 childhood vaccine preventable diseases

Protects the mother and her unborn baby from tetanus

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MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICESWhat VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

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8. What are the possible body reactions of immunization and how should they be managed?

Note that not all children experience body reactions after immunization. However, should they occur, they present as follows and should be managed in the following way:

Possible side effect/body reaction Possible action

Rise in body temperature

Cool the body with a wet piece of cloth (tepid sponging). Dress child with wet clothing and give extra fluids to the child

Local reaction (swelling, pain and redness at the site of injection)

Do not apply any medication. Leave it to heal by itself

If temperature or swelling persists, or any other severe reactions occur, refer the child to the nearest health facility for proper management

9. Roles of VHTs in mobilizing communities for immunization

Educate parents and caretakers on

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the benefits of taking their children for immunization and completing immunization schedule before children are one year old.

Advocate and lobby for local leaders’ commitment and support for immunization services

Work closely with health workers to identify problems related to low coverage and dropout rates so that communities are mobilized to overcome them

Conduct home visiting to educate parents and caretakers about immunization and remind them about the date, time and place of outreach and static sessions for immunization

Act as role models by taking your own children for immunization and complete the immunization schedule

Follow-up the dropouts and unimmunized children and mobilize parents and caretakers to take them for immunization.

Immediately report any suspected Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) to the nearest health facility

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In liaison with the LC1 chairperson, keep track of children in the village who are immunized and non-immunized

Register all new borns under one year and under five years old children

Distribute IEC materials to the right audiences and display them in strategic places in the community

Report notifiable diseases occurring in your communities

Collect immunization data from the community and submit to the health facility and give feedback to communities to improve and promote immunization services

Announce/publicize the locations and dates for the outreaches in places of worship, markets, burial places, weddings

Identify other mobilisers working on health issues e.g. women groups, youth, drama groups, and other social groups and forge linkages for working together to mobilize for immunization services

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10. Key messages

The Village Health Team members or any other mobiliser should communicate key messages to parents and caretakers about immunization on the following key areas so they can take their children for immunization and complete the immunization schedule.

The targeted immunisable diseasesImmunisation protects children against the following vaccine preventable diseases:Polio, Tuberculosis, Whooping Cough, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Hepatitis B (Liver disease), Haemophilus Influenzae type b, measles and pneumonia.

Benefits of immunizationExplain the benefits of immunization to children, parents, caretakers and the nation

Importance of bringing a child health cardTell the parents and caretakers that they should always bring child health cards with them to the health facilities each time they take their children for immunization. The child health card will help the health worker to check the immunization

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status and growth of the child.

Number of doses of the vaccine and visits required to give the child full protectionFor the child to be fully immunized against nine vaccine preventable diseases, parents and caretakers should take them to the health facility five times to receive the required doses of the vaccines during the first year of life.

Number of doses of tetanus vaccine required to give women full protectionFor a woman to have full protection against tetanus (self and new born baby) she must receive TT vaccination five times beginning at 15 years until 49 years.

Probable body reactions after immunization and their management Educate parents and caretakers about the probable body reactions that are likely to occur after each vaccine has been given. Advise parents and caretakers on how to manage the body reactions resulting from each vaccine, where and when to seek medical assistance in case of prolonged body reactions. “It is possible that a child may develop mild body reactions after

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immunization. e.g. fever and pain or a swelling at the site of injection; do not apply any medication-it will heal by itself.”

Return dateTell the parents and caretakers about the exact day and date when they should return for the next immunization session, say how many weeks ahead the date is.

The place/venue of the next immunizationTell the parents where to go for the next immunization session by announcing in places of worship, markets, weddings and other social events.

Safety of vaccinesEmphasize to the parents and caretakers, the fact that vaccines are safe and effective and have been tested and approved by Ministry of Health, WHO and UNICEF. They do not cause lameness and diseases.

Availability of vaccinesImmunisation is free and available at all government, some NGO and private health facilities as well as some outreaches.

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Immunisation is a government priorityImmunisation is a government priority. Every child has a right to be immunized and it’s the duty of parents and caretakers to immunize their children.

Immunisation of sick childrenIt is safe to immunize a child who has a minor illness, a disability or who is malnourished. Very sick children should be treated first and immunized on discharge.

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MOBILISING COMMUNITIES FOR IMMUNIZATION SERVICESWhat VHTs and community mobilisers need to know and do

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