mobile populations: hiv/aids in central america, mexico, and the us migration and aids: stigma and...
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Mobile Populations: HIV/AIDS in Central America, Mexico, and the US
Migration and AIDS: STIGMA AND Migration and AIDS: STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATIONDISCRIMINATION
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA
Guatemala City, 2004
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METHODOLOGY STUDY DESIGNSTUDY DESIGN
PHPHASE IIIASE III
EvaluaEvaluatiotionn
PHPHASE IASE I
Basic DiagnosisBasic Diagnosis
PHPHASE IIASE II
IntervenInterventiotionn
January-February 2001
Design: Aug. 2002 - July 2003Implementation: May 2004
Accompaniment: Aug. 2002 - Sept. 2004
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QUANTITATIVE METHODSQUANTITATIVE METHODS Population SurveyPopulation Survey
QUALITATIVE METHODSQUALITATIVE METHODS Ethnographic StudyEthnographic Study In-depth InterviewsIn-depth Interviews
Key Actors and Common ActorsKey Actors and Common Actors Sex WorkersSex Workers Mobile PopulationMobile Population
ELEVEN TRANSIT STATIONS:ELEVEN TRANSIT STATIONS:Tecún Umán, Guatemala - Ciudad Hidalgo, MexicoTecún Umán, Guatemala - Ciudad Hidalgo, Mexico
MOBILE POPULATIONS AND HIV/AIDS PROJECT
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OBJECTIVE:
Analizing the social rejection of illegal migrants associated with HIV/AIDS
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Dynamics of the Population Movement Across Borders Mexico-Guatemala
CENTRAL AMERICAOTHER COUNTRIES
MEXICO/ USA
EL CARMENVertedero de
indocumentados
TALISM チN
DEPORTACI モN
TEC レN UM チN Estancia Interacción Destino TSC PollerosContratistas
R I O S U C H I A T E
CD. HIDALGOPaso r疳 ido Poca interacción Destino TSC Persecución
PLANTATIONS
GUATEMALA
Migration
Detention
IllegalCrossing
Migrants
First Time Migration
Return migration
Chiapas
Caminos deExtravío
Attacks, violence
Voluntary return
PUENTE INTERNACIONAL
Paso Documentado
MEXICO/ u
EL CARMEN
“Dumping Site” of
Migrants without documents
TALISMAN
Deportation
TECUN UMAN Stay InteractionDestination TSC“Polleros”Contractors
S U C H I A T E RIVER
CD. HIDALGOFast transitLittle interactionDestination TSCPersecution
GUATEMALAMigrant agricultural workers
MigrationPosts
Returno ofMigrants
Chiapas
Shortcuts
INTERNATIONAL BRIDGE
Source: Leyva R, Dreser A, Bronfman M. Diseño propio, 2001.
- - - - - - - - - - -
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Means of Mobilization at the Southern Border
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0102030405060708090
Transmission Use ofpreservatives
TU
CH
Information on HIV/AIDS Transmission and Prevention
%
Source: Population Survey Migración y SIDA, 2001.
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HIV/AIDS Risk Perceptionand Willingness to Use Preservatives
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
1 0 0
W o u ld b e willin g tou s e a p re s e rv a tiv e
No p o s s ib ility to g e tin fe c te d
T U
C H
Fuente: Encuesta Poblacional Migración y SIDA, 2001.
%
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01020
3040
506070
8090
Would NOT consult adoctor with AIDS
Would NOT employ aperson with AIDS to help
out at home
Would NOT allow theirchildren to play with thechildren of people with
AIDS
TU
CH
Attitudes of Rejection of PVS by the Population
%
Fuente: Encuesta Poblacional Migración y SIDA, 2001.
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Migration Movement and HIV/AIDS
Migration and AIDS: ¿Why do you think that people get infected here in Tecún Umán? “Well, because there are a lot of foreignerwandering around”
(01INFCO, Tecún)
Prostitution, Migration and AIDS: “The bars, I thing that is theplace where that is transmitted, because many infected womengo there, and migrants go there. But also, the migrants whoarrive are infected.”
(13INFCO, Tecún)
Transactional Sex: “I tried to pass through customs, they told me that I had to have sex with them if I wanted to get a permit”
(08PM, Cd. Hidalgo)
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What the Local Population Thinks of Migrants
0102030405060708090
100
They cause troub le They bring benefits
TU
CH
Source: Population Survey Migración y SIDA , 2001.
%
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Migrants: Insecurity and Violation of Human Rights
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Social Representation of AIDS Transmission Associated with the Mobility between Mexico and Guatemala
HIV/AIDS
INFORMATION
Localpopulation
AIDS
Migrants
Sex Workers
Truck Drivers
Homosex
Soldiers
Expressions of rejection
Dissemination of AIDS
Resistance to interact with PVVS
“Comes from abroad”
“POTENTIAL TRANSMITTER
”
Source: Leyva R, Infante C. 2002
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Action Sphere of Local Organizations
Tapachula
SaludSalud Migración VIH/SIDA
Tecún UmánTS DDHH Migración
Ciudad HidalgoVIH/SIDA TS DDHH
Tapachula
HealthHealth Migration HIV/AIDS TS H Rights Migration
Ciudad HidalgoHIV/AIDS TS H Rights
Casa del Migrante
Casa de la Mujer
Human Rights Office
Clínica Parroquial
IGSS
Migration Office
Health Center
Ministry of Labor Office
Mexican Consulate
Municipal City Hall
Communication Media
Union Tricicleros
Municipal Health Dept.
Health Center
Grupo Beta Sur (INM)
UMF/ IMSS
Municipal City Hall
Casa del Migrante
Human Rights State Commission
COFAT
Mano Amiga
HIV/AIDS Program
Fray Matías de Córdoba
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PHASE IIINTERVENTION DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION
STRATEGY BETWEEN BORDERS Binational Action Local Action
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Strategy between Borders: Local and Binational Action
Collaboration between
Borders:
Planning and implementing joint inter-institutional and inter-sectorial actions
Community Action: Reducing rejection and discrimination of HIV/AIDS and STIs in mobile populations.
Training, awareness raising and collaboration:
Training and awareness-raising for HIV/AIDS prevention in mobile groups.
Inter-institutional cooperation for HIV/AIDS and STI prevention and Human Rights promotion.
Working with specific
Groups:
Information on HIV/AIDS and STI for migrants
Information on HIV/AIDS and STI for TS
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Inter-Institutional Work with Specific Groups
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Community Response
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Immediate Results
The topic of HIV/AIDS and population mobility has been made visible to local organizations.
It has been recognized that mobile groups (illegal migrants) are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.
Network between borders for health actions.
Links with regional processes and projects.
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PERSPECTIVE
Strengthening technical capacity for response
Binational cooperation for sustainability
Developing new binational proposals
Establishing links with other regional projects
Incorporating strategies into the PNS
Mobilization of financial resources
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