MOBILE COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES

Introductory Lecture

http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/2017/SPR2017/teMCITms/

COURSE ADMINISTRATION

Instructor: Dr. Adeel Akram (adeel.akram@uettaxila.edu.pk) Course Coordinator: Mr. Munir Abbas (munir.abbas@uettaxila.edu.pk) Course web page: (http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/2017/SPR2017/teMCITms/) Schedule Tuesdays 6pm to 9pm

THE NEW INTERNET In the last few years, the Internet has moved beyond the three "classical" services of email, file transfer and remote login. This course covers emerging Internet multimedia services, their technical background and open issues in depth. The course will cover the following areas with reference to their applications over wireless communication infrastructure: Internet architecture review Multicast routing and address allocation Properties of real-time services QoS: Resource reservation and differentiated services Packet scheduling Wireless Communication Technologies Streaming audio and video Adaptive applications Internet telephony Media-on-demand and content distribution networks (CDNs) Conference control Mobility (mobile IP and other technologies) e-Commerce Pervasive Computing Internet of Things

COURSE OBJECTIVE We aim to study existing Internet technologies that have evolved with the passage of time for provision of classical services to a level where they provide same services to a large number of users without compromising on performance, security, privacy and reliability.

The course focusses on how internet services have been modified to provide similar services to mobile wireless users that were originally envisioned for the static wired clients.

Discussion on new avenues that have emerged with the advent of newer wireless devices and communication platforms that will utilize internet technologies to serve mobile applications transforming at run time according to user’s demands.

COURSE TEXT BOOK

Management Information System 12th EditionKenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon

WHAT IS COMMERCE?Middle French, from Latin commercium, fromcom- (together)+ merc- (merchandise) (1537) “The exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place.” Buying and selling ( transactions ) Large scale ( scalability ) Transportation ( supply chain ) Every business process in the world must be re-engineered: “Can it be made electronic?”

NEED TECHNOLOGYTO SUPPORTALL OF THESE

COMMERCE (8000 B.C.)

BUYERFINDS

SELLER

NEGOTIATION

PAYMENT

SALE

DELIVERY

POST-SALEACTIVITY

SELECTIONOF GOODS

INFORMATION

PHYSICAL+INFORMATION

ECOMMERCEBUYERFINDS

SELLER

NEGOTIATION

PAYMENT

SALE

DELIVERY

POST-SALEACTIVITY

SELECTIONOF GOODS

SEARCH ENGINE

SHOPPING BOT

AGGREGATOR

ON-LINE CATALOG

AUTOMATED AGENTS

TRACKING AGENT

ON-LINE HELP

INTERNET TELEPHONY

CUSTOMER PREFERENCES

BARGAINING STRATEGIES

PRICE SENSITIVITIES

CREDIT/PAYMENT INFORMATION

ON-LINE PROBLEM REPORTS

FOLLOW-ON SALES OPPORTUNITIES

SOME TECHNOLOGIES USED: SOME INFORMATION GATHERED:

BROWSING BEHAVIOR

DELIVERY REQUIREMENTSE-PAYMENT SYSTEMS

CONFIGURATOR

RECOMMENDER AGENT

TRANSACTION PROCESSOR

DATA INTERCHANGE

CRYPTOGRAPHY

BROWSER SHARING

MARKET BASKET

IN

TE

RN

ET

PERSONAL DATA

CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

SEARCH BEHAVIOR

EFFECTIVENESS OF PROMOTIONS

INFORMATION

PHYSICAL+INFORMATION

Voice(IVR, ACD)

E-Mail

Direct Interaction

SalesAuto.

MarketingAuto.

Mobile Sales(Prod. CFG)

FieldService

Portal/Extranet

EDI

E-Mail

Finance.DM

HRDM

Prod.DM

DW

Closed-Loop Processing(EAI Toolkits, ETLM Tools, Embedded Mobile Agents)

Cust.DM

OrderDM

S2S

Operational

SCM ERP CRM

Conf.

WebStorefront

Collab.Planning

Conf.

Mfg.Exec.

WHMgmt.

Trans.Mgmt.

Demand Planning

Trans.Planning

Distrib.Planning

SupplyPlanning

Mfg.Planning

KM

Analytical

Svc.Auto.

LogisticsHRMfg. Finance

EmployeeSystems

Industry-Specific Solutions

Strategic Planning

LegacySystems

Employee SS

Fact. HH Devices

ProductMgmt.

OrderMgmt.

Web/Intranet

SOURCE: META GROUP

THE ELECTRONIC ENTERPRISE

ACD = AUTOMATIC CALL DISTRIBUTORCFG = CONFIGURATIONDM = DATA MININGDW = DATA WAREHOUSEEAI = ENTERPRISE APPLICATION INTEGRATIONEDI = ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGEETLM = EXTRACT, TRANSFORM, LOAD & MANAGEHH = HAND-HELDIVR = INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSEKM = KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENTS2S = SOURCE TO SETTLE

SUPPLY CHAINMANAGEMENT

ENTERPRISE RESOURCEPLANNING

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPMANAGEMENT

Colla

bora

tive

CR

M

Colla

bora

tive

SC

M

Manufacturers

Customers

LogisticsProviders

WholesaleDistributors

Suppliers

LogisticsProviders

VirtualManufacturers

SupplierExchanges Logistics

Exchanges CustomerExchanges

Information Flow

Goods Flow

SOURCE: AMR RESEARCH (2000)

INTERNET-CONNECTED SUPPLY CHAIN

ContractManufacturers

WHY E-COMMERCE? WHY NOW?

Computers are faster 1973: 1 million instructions/sec 2013: 20 billion instructions/sec

Have more main memory 1973: 0.125 megabytes 2013: 2 gigabytes

Cost less 1973: $4,000,000 2013: $1,00

PROGRESS OF TECHNOLOGY

Have more disk storage1973: 10 MB2013: 120,000 MB (soon 1 terabyte = 1000GB)

Higher communication speedsHuman speech: 30 bits/sec1973 Modem: 300 bits/sec2003 Modem: 56,000 bits/secT1 line: 1,544,000 bits/secDSL (high end) 7,000,000 bits/sec Internet 2: 1,000,000,000 bits/secOptical: 255,000,000,000,000 bits/sec in 1 fiber (entire Internet traffic can be sent through single fiber)

IMPROVEMENT: 12000 x

1973-2014IMPROVEMENT:850 BILLION x

https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/192929-255tbps-worlds-fastest-network-could-carry-all-the-internet-traffic-single-fiber

INTERNET TECHNOLOGY TOPICS

• Infrastructure • Electronic payments • Wireless • Databases• Web Architecture • Mass personalization• Data Analytics • Business Intelligence• Data Mining • Cloud Computing • Search engines • Privacy Technology• Cryptography • Intelligent agents• Network Security • Data interchange • Enterprise Resource Planning • Bit Coin

INFRASTRUCTURE FOR E-COMMERCE What worldwide structure is required to support e-Commerce? Network + communications Machines Software Protocols Security Payment interface to banking systems

THE INTERNET The fundamental technology linking business and people around the world in less than 1 second Nothing competes with it

How does it work? How big is it? Who owns it? Who governs it? How does it grow? How big can it get? What architecture allows this? What are the limitations?

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES & M-COMMERCE

Can’t get (much) away from radio Differences between wireless and wired communication Cells, frequency allocations Shared medium: SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G and 5G Wireless LAN: IEEE 802.11 Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-Wave WAP, iMode Universal Wideband (UWB)

WEB ARCHITECTURE

SOURCE: INTERSHOP

How are web sites constructed?

TIER 1TIER 2Server

TIER 3Applications

TIER 4Database

SEARCH ENGINES Finding web pages Crawlers, spiders, bots

Query interfaces Retrieval methods Indexing Document ranking Artificially altering retrieval order

Document clustering Multilingual issues Multimedia retrieval

CRYPTOGRAPHY Secrecy Information cannot be used if intercepted

AuthenticationWe’re sure who the parties are

IntegrityData cannot be altered

Non-repudiationSender cannot deny sending the message

CryptographySymmetric encryption (DES, Rijndael)Public key cryptosystems (RSA)Digital signatures & certificates, public key infrastructure (PKI)

NETWORK SECURITY Access control authorization / authentication

Authentication something you know: passwords something you have: smart card something you are: biometrics someplace you are: GPS

Network protection, firewalls, proxy servers Intrusion detection Denial of service (DOS) attacks Viruses, worms

DATA INTERCHANGE How can sites exchange information without prior agreement?What do the data fields mean? price, extended price, unit price, prix, цена, τιμή, 가격

XML: Extensible Markup Language How can machines communicate without humans? How can data formats and structures be communicated?XML schemasOntologies

e-COMMERCE DATA EXCHANGE NEEDS

Ship Notices

Bills of Lading Electronic Payments

Purchase Orders

Invoices

RFQs Catalogs Quotations

Letters of Credit

ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS Forms of money token (cash), notational (bank account), hybrid (cheque)

Credit-card transactionsSecure protocols: SSL, SET

Automated clearing and settlement systemsPayPal

Smart cards, electronic cash, digital wallets Micropayments Wireless payments Electronic invoice presentment and payment Required course: Electronic Payment Systems (20-763)

DATABASES The relational database model Query specification: SQL (Structured Query Language) Database management Databases in e-Commerce Data warehousing

MASS PERSONALIZATION & DATA MINING

Treating each user as an individual key is INFORMATION

How to acquire and store information about customers Cookies Question and response Clickstream analysis External databases

How to use information effectively and instantly Personalization technology Customization

DATA MINING

Extracting previously unknown relationships from large datasets Discovery of patterns Predicting the future past behavior as predictor of future purchasing

Market basket analysis diapers/beer

DATA MINING TOOLS Visualization (“seeing” the data) Predictive Modeling Database SegmentationClassify the users

Link AnalysisAssociation discovery

Neural networksSystems that learn from data

Deviation DetectionAre any of the data unusual? Fraud detection

PRIVACY TECHNOLOGY

Digital privacy & privacy threats Technology P3P (The Platform for Privacy Preferences Project) EPAL (Enterprise Privacy Authorization Language)

Anonymity Mediation Digital pseudonyms (aliases)

ERP (ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING) & SCM (SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT)

The supply network Collaboration modelsVendor-managed inventoryScan-based trading

ERP functions and architecture EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) Web Services

AGENTS AND ELECTRONIC NEGOTIATION

Programs to perform tasks on your behalf Avatars (characters in human form) Meta-searchers, shopping bots, news agents, stock agents, auction bots, bank bots How to make agents “intelligent” Rule-based systems Knowledge representation

Agents that learn Inductive inference

JULIA from CONVERSIVE

COOPERATING AGENTS

Semantic Web

SOURCE: WILLIAM HOLMES, LOCKHEED-MARTIN

Pete

Lucy

Doctor

Schedule a treatment plan using only authorized providers within a 20-milesand a rating of excellent or very good.

Lucy’s agent retrieves informationabout Mom’s prescribed treatment

from the doctor’s agent.

Lucy’s agent looks up providers,checks for distance, authorization

and rating. Lucy’s agent formulates a schedule of appointments for therapists thatfits into Pete and Lucy’s schedule.

M2M COMMERCE & AUCTION MODELS

How can machines do business with other machines? Electronic discovery Electronic negotiation Auction strategy

The semantic Web

Q A&