MNA Tools in Brown vs. GreenPier Francesco Mantovani, MNSSD

Water Week 2007

A diverse region, defined by aridity

Worst per capita water scarcity

Inadequate wastewater management further deprives countries of valuable resources

AlgeriaEgyptLebanon

GazaJordanYemen

BahrainIsraelKuwaitSaudi Arabia

Wat

erQ

ualit

ySe

veri

ty

Low High

Water QuantitySeverity

Morocco Syria Tunisia

QatarUAE Oman

High

Low

Algeria

Egypt

Lebanon

Gaza & West BankJordanYemen

BahrainIsraelKuwaitSaudi ArabiaR

ESO

UR

CE

DE

GR

AD

AT

ION

Low High

RESOURCE SCARCITY

Morocco

Syria

QatarUAE Oman

High

Low

Iraq

Tunisia

Resource crisis is worsening

• Climate change predicted to reduce rainfall and increase extreme weather events

• Population growth will cut per capita water availability in half by 2020

Manage wastewater to make the most out of scarcity

Pollution Control

ReuseSanitation

Sewerage Agenda• Generally good urban coverage. Challenge of

extending centralized networks to (poor) peri-urban areas.

• Users fail to connect to supply-driven sewers.

• Variable operational performance and cost recovery, inadequate investment capacity.

• Rural sanitation lagging.

Utility cost coverage by tariffs

Pollution control agenda

• Very partial treatment capacity installed, often not performing (with exceptions).

• Development impaired by high-cost of treatment goals and designs, low cost recovery expectations, and dependency on subsidies.

• Regulatory framework generally weak, lacking monitoring/enforcement and incentives.

Water reuse agenda• Planned water reuse is a complex “no-brainer”.

• Regulatory, planning, management constraints outweigh technical ones.

• Prerequisites: Good wastewater mgt. capacity, and economic applications of reclaimed water

• A leading national strategy: Tunisia recycles 30% of wastewater flow.

Influencing policy by assessing cost of water degradation

Cost of Environmental Degradation of Water

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Algeria

Egypt Iran

Jorda

nLe

bano

nMoro

cco

Syria

Tunisia

Shar

e of

GD

P

Better investment & financing strategies

• Ad-hoc sector reviews, including water sector public expenditure reviews.

• Program cost reductions• PPPs• OBA approaches

Morocco Water Sector DPL• DPL supports a reform agenda, spanning

governance, IWRM, irrigation and WS&S, including a 15-yr National Sanitation Plan (NSP).

• Prior analyses: Cost of water degradation + Water Public Expenditure Review (PER).

• Expected actions:– Optimization review of NSP, planning of a reuse strategy– Increased NSP budget support within a Medium Term

Expenditure Framework (MTEF).– Strengthened regulatory framework for discharge

enforcement and water quality monitoring.

Thank you