mamuka cuxiSvilimamuka cuxiSvili

mixeil voroncovi – mixeil voroncovi – XIXXIX saukunis saukunis saqarTvelos aRmSenebelisaqarTvelos aRmSenebeli

winamdebare naSromi miznad isaxavs XIX saukunis gamoCe-winamdebare naSromi miznad isaxavs XIX saukunis gamoCe-

nili rusi saxelmwifo, sazogado da politikuri moRvawis nili rusi saxelmwifo, sazogado da politikuri moRvawis

mixeil voroncovis pirovnebis warmoCenas, misi Rvawlis Se-mixeil voroncovis pirovnebis warmoCenas, misi Rvawlis Se-

fasebas da Cveni didi da Rirseuli winaprebis mogonebebis fasebas da Cveni didi da Rirseuli winaprebis mogonebebis

mimoxilvas Tavad voroncovis Sesaxeb.mimoxilvas Tavad voroncovis Sesaxeb.

1801 wlis 19 aprils saqarTveloSi ruseTis jarebis pi-1801 wlis 19 aprils saqarTveloSi ruseTis jarebis pi-

rvel mTavarsardals, general karl knorings (1746-1820 ww.) rvel mTavarsardals, general karl knorings (1746-1820 ww.)

daevala moemzadebina masalebi imis Sesaxeb, SeZlebda Tu ara daevala moemzadebina masalebi imis Sesaxeb, SeZlebda Tu ara

qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifo damoukideblad arsebobas.qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifo damoukideblad arsebobas.

Semdeg momzadda daskvna, romlis dedaazri iyo, rom qar-Semdeg momzadda daskvna, romlis dedaazri iyo, rom qar-

Tl-kaxeTis saxelmwifo ver SeZlebda damoukideblad arse-Tl-kaxeTis saxelmwifo ver SeZlebda damoukideblad arse-

bobas; misi gadarCenis erTaderT xsnas warmoadgenda saxelm-bobas; misi gadarCenis erTaderT xsnas warmoadgenda saxelm-

wifoebriobis gauqmeba da TviTmpyrobeluri mmarTvelobis wifoebriobis gauqmeba da TviTmpyrobeluri mmarTvelobis

daweseba; mTavar argumentad ki `qarTveli xalxis Tanxmoba~ daweseba; mTavar argumentad ki `qarTveli xalxis Tanxmoba~

mohyavda. mohyavda.

magram arsebobda sxva azric, magaliTad – grafi mixeil magram arsebobda sxva azric, magaliTad – grafi mixeil

voroncovis da grafi viqtor koCubeisa, romlebic 1801 wlis voroncovis da grafi viqtor koCubeisa, romlebic 1801 wlis

24 ivliss ruseTis imperator aleqsandre I romanovisadmi 24 ivliss ruseTis imperator aleqsandre I romanovisadmi

mirTmeul moxsenebaSi uaryofdnen knoringiseul mosazrebas mirTmeul moxsenebaSi uaryofdnen knoringiseul mosazrebas

imis Taobaze, rom qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifos arseboba ar imis Taobaze, rom qarTl-kaxeTis saxelmwifos arseboba ar

SeeZlo da 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatiT gaTvaliswineb-SeeZlo da 1783 wlis georgievskis traqtatiT gaTvaliswineb-

uli punqtebis Sesrule bas moiTxovdnen.uli punqtebis Sesrule bas moiTxovdnen.

voroncovi am dros sul raRac 19 wlis Wabuki iyo.voroncovi am dros sul raRac 19 wlis Wabuki iyo.

gavida aTeuli wlebi da voroncovi saqarTvelos da am-gavida aTeuli wlebi da voroncovi saqarTvelos da am-

ierkavkasias moevlina rogorc pirveli mefisnacvali.ierkavkasias moevlina rogorc pirveli mefisnacvali.

85mixeil voroncovimixeil voroncovis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT: `voroncovi mix-mixeil voroncovis Sesaxeb vkiTxulobT: `voroncovi mix-

eil simeonis Ze – gra fi, uganaTlebulesi Tavadi, infante-eil simeonis Ze – gra fi, uganaTlebulesi Tavadi, infante-

riis generali, general-feldmar Sali. voroncovebis sagva-riis generali, general-feldmar Sali. voroncovebis sagva-

reulos fuZemdebli iyo simon afrikanis Ze, romelic 1287 reulos fuZemdebli iyo simon afrikanis Ze, romelic 1287

wels germaniidan kievSi Casula did mTavar iaroslav vladi-wels germaniidan kievSi Casula did mTavar iaroslav vladi-

meris ZesTan da miuRia marTlmadidebloba. dimitri donelis meris ZesTan da miuRia marTlmadidebloba. dimitri donelis

dros simonis erT-erTma STamomavalma – Tevdorem miiRo Ti-dros simonis erT-erTma STamomavalma – Tevdorem miiRo Ti-

kuni ̀ voronec~ da im droidan dawesda gvari voroncovebisa~kuni ̀ voronec~ da im droidan dawesda gvari voroncovebisa~1.

ruseTis saimperatoro karze dawinaurebuli grafi svime-ruseTis saimperatoro karze dawinaurebuli grafi svime-

on voroncovis vaJi da amave karis kancleris aleqsandre on voroncovis vaJi da amave karis kancleris aleqsandre

voroncovis ZmisSvili Tavidanve gamoirCeoda swavlisadmi voroncovis ZmisSvili Tavidanve gamoirCeoda swavlisadmi

swrafviT. man saukeTeso ganaTleba miiRo londonSi, ramac swrafviT. man saukeTeso ganaTleba miiRo londonSi, ramac

xeli Seuwyo mis winsvlas jer cicianovis, xolo Semdeg gu-xeli Seuwyo mis winsvlas jer cicianovis, xolo Semdeg gu-

liakovis aparatSi.liakovis aparatSi.

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos mTavarmarTeblis isic unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos mTavarmarTeblis

pavle cicianovispavle cicianovis2 karze muSaobisas, voroncovma Seiyvara qa- karze muSaobisas, voroncovma Seiyvara qa-

rTveli xalxi da Sedegmac ar daayovna, misi fasdaudebeli rTveli xalxi da Sedegmac ar daayovna, misi fasdaudebeli

Rvawlis Sedegad XIX saukunis saqarTvelos sasikeTo cvli-Rvawlis Sedegad XIX saukunis saqarTvelos sasikeTo cvli-

lebani daetyo.lebani daetyo.

manamde ki iyo zaqaTalas 1804 wlis 15 ianvris Setakeba, manamde ki iyo zaqaTalas 1804 wlis 15 ianvris Setakeba,

sa dac SemTxveviT gadaurCa sikvdils. monawileobda 1805-1807 sa dac SemTxveviT gadaurCa sikvdils. monawileobda 1805-1807

wlebSi napoleonis winaaRmdeg gaCaRebul brZolebSi, kerZod, wlebSi napoleonis winaaRmdeg gaCaRebul brZolebSi, kerZod,

putluskisa da fridlandis misadgomebTan. aseve, 1809-1811 putluskisa da fridlandis misadgomebTan. aseve, 1809-1811

wlebSi mimdinare ruseT-TurqeTis omSi STambeWdav gamarjve-wlebSi mimdinare ruseT-TurqeTis omSi STambeWdav gamarjve-

bebs miaRwia da araerTgzis daimsaxura sardlobis madloba.bebs miaRwia da araerTgzis daimsaxura sardlobis madloba.

1812 wels, rodesac napoleoni ruseTs Tavs daesxa, mixeil 1812 wels, rodesac napoleoni ruseTs Tavs daesxa, mixeil

voroncovi petre bagrationis meTaurobiT mamacurad ibrZo-voroncovi petre bagrationis meTaurobiT mamacurad ibrZo-

da borodinos velze da saTaveSi edga grenaderTa batalions.da borodinos velze da saTaveSi edga grenaderTa batalions.

voroncovis divizia, romelic Sedgeboda 4000 meomrisa-voroncovis divizia, romelic Sedgeboda 4000 meomrisa-

gan, gaafTrebiT utevda marSal devus frTas. meomarTagan 300 gan, gaafTrebiT utevda marSal devus frTas. meomarTagan 300

gadarCa da brZolis velze Tavadac daiWra. daWrili voron-gadarCa da brZolis velze Tavadac daiWra. daWrili voron-

covi brZolas droebiT gamoeTiSa, Tavis daWril meomrebTan covi brZolas droebiT gamoeTiSa, Tavis daWril meomrebTan

erTad sofelSi mkurnalobda da 1813 wels kvlav daubrunda erTad sofelSi mkurnalobda da 1813 wels kvlav daubrunda

Tavis saqmianobas, magram mas iq aRar daxvda misi Zvirfasi Tavis saqmianobas, magram mas iq aRar daxvda misi Zvirfasi

1 Акти, t. X, Tb., 1885, gv. 71.

2 warmoSobiT iyo qarTveli, vaxtang VI erTad ruseTSi gadasaxlebuli paata

ciciSvilis (1754-1806 ww.) SviliSvili, mTavarmarTeblad msaxurobda 1802-1806

wlebSi.

86 mamuka cuxiSvilimaswavlebeli da saxelovani sardali petre bagrationi.maswavlebeli da saxelovani sardali petre bagrationi.3

1813 wels ibrZoda denevicisa da laipcigis misadgomebTan. 1813 wels ibrZoda denevicisa da laipcigis misadgomebTan.

1814 wlis maisSi erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi kraonTan ebrZoda 1814 wlis maisSi erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi kraonTan ebrZoda

napoleons da daamarcxa kidec. 1815-1818 wlebSi mixeil vo-napoleons da daamarcxa kidec. 1815-1818 wlebSi mixeil vo-

roncovi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg okupaciis ZalTa meTauri roncovi safrangeTis winaaRmdeg okupaciis ZalTa meTauri

iyo. 1823 wlis 7 maiss igi dainiSna axali ruseTis general-iyo. 1823 wlis 7 maiss igi dainiSna axali ruseTis general-

guber natorad, imavdroulad iyo besarabiis namestniki da guber natorad, imavdroulad iyo besarabiis namestniki da

ruseTis imperiis samxreT provinciebis gamgebeli. misi dam-ruseTis imperiis samxreT provinciebis gamgebeli. misi dam-

saxurebaa odesisa da yirimis aRmSenebloba da winsvla. saxurebaa odesisa da yirimis aRmSenebloba da winsvla.

misive iniciativiT, 1828 wels Sav zRvaze pirvelad ga-misive iniciativiT, 1828 wels Sav zRvaze pirvelad ga-

moCnda ruseTis Tbomavali. imave wlebSi (1828-1829 ww.), ru-moCnda ruseTis Tbomavali. imave wlebSi (1828-1829 ww.), ru-

seT-TurqeTis omis dros, varnis mimarTulebis daWrili sar-seT-TurqeTis omis dros, varnis mimarTulebis daWrili sar-

dali menSikovi Caanacvla da 28 seqtembers brZola dasrulda dali menSikovi Caanacvla da 28 seqtembers brZola dasrulda

ruseTis gamarjvebiT.ruseTis gamarjvebiT.

mixeil voroncovis damsaxuerebaa, agreTve, momzadeba spe-mixeil voroncovis damsaxuerebaa, agreTve, momzadeba spe-

cialuri gegmisa, romlis mixedviT kavkasiasa da ruseTSi Ta-cialuri gegmisa, romlis mixedviT kavkasiasa da ruseTSi Ta-

vidan iqna acilebuli TurqeTSi gavrcelebuli Savi Wiri.vidan iqna acilebuli TurqeTSi gavrcelebuli Savi Wiri.

ruseTis imperatori nikoloz I (1796-1855) miiCnevda, rom ruseTis imperatori nikoloz I (1796-1855) miiCnevda, rom

kavkasiis ruseTTan dasakavSireblad saWiro iyo moqnili kavkasiis ruseTTan dasakavSireblad saWiro iyo moqnili

da diplomatiuri politika, raTa, arc ruseTis interesebi da diplomatiuri politika, raTa, arc ruseTis interesebi

dazaralebuliyo da arc kavkasieli xalxebis erovnuli men-dazaralebuliyo da arc kavkasieli xalxebis erovnuli men-

taliteti Selaxuliyo, amitom gadawyvita, kavkasiaSi ara taliteti Selaxuliyo, amitom gadawyvita, kavkasiaSi ara

mTavarmarTebeli, aramed mefisnacvali daeniSna da es Tanam-mTavarmarTebeli, aramed mefisnacvali daeniSna da es Tanam-

deboba graf mixeil voroncovs miando.deboba graf mixeil voroncovs miando.

rogorc cnobilia, kavkasiaSi mixeil voroncovis aqti-rogorc cnobilia, kavkasiaSi mixeil voroncovis aqti-

uri moRvaweoba daiwyo Samilisuri moRvaweoba daiwyo Samilis4 winaaRmdeg SeteviT. gegma winaaRmdeg SeteviT. gegma

Seimu Sava imperatorma nikoloz I, romelic iTvaliswinebda Seimu Sava imperatorma nikoloz I, romelic iTvaliswinebda

dargozSi Samilis rezidenciaze ieriSis mitanas da daRestan-dargozSi Samilis rezidenciaze ieriSis mitanas da daRestan-

CeCneTis ruseTis iurisdiqciaSi moqcevas.CeCneTis ruseTis iurisdiqciaSi moqcevas.

ruseTis saimperatoro karze mixeil voroncovis gverdis ruseTis saimperatoro karze mixeil voroncovis gverdis

avliT momzadda gegma, romlis ganxorcieleba daevala vo-avliT momzadda gegma, romlis ganxorcieleba daevala vo-

roncovs. daiwyo Seteva Samilis winaaRmdeg artileriiT, qve-roncovs. daiwyo Seteva Samilis winaaRmdeg artileriiT, qve-

iTi da cxenosanTa 8 razmiT, romelTac cal-calke gamocdi-iTi da cxenosanTa 8 razmiT, romelTac cal-calke gamocdi-

li generlebi xelmZRvanelobdnen. avangardSi monawileobas li generlebi xelmZRvanelobdnen. avangardSi monawileobas

iRebdnen qarTveli meomrebica da policiis nawilebic. sam-iRebdnen qarTveli meomrebica da policiis nawilebic. sam-

3 ix. Cveni narkvevi: `petre bagrationi~, Jur. `sami saunje~, 3(9), 2013.

4 1799-1871 ww., xunZi, igive daRestneli religiuri meTauri, ibrZoda ruseTis wi-

naaRmdeg.

87mixeil voroncoviwuxarod, gegma Sedgenili iyo mTeli rigi xarvezebiT, ra-wuxarod, gegma Sedgenili iyo mTeli rigi xarvezebiT, ra-

sac brZolis wageba da jariskacTa aunazRaurebeli danakargi sac brZolis wageba da jariskacTa aunazRaurebeli danakargi

mohyva. cudad Sedgenili gegmis gamo ruseTis imperatorma mohyva. cudad Sedgenili gegmis gamo ruseTis imperatorma

Tavi damnaSaved igrZno da voroncovs misi gamosyidvis mizniT Tavi damnaSaved igrZno da voroncovs misi gamosyidvis mizniT

pirveli xarisxis Tavadoba uboZa.pirveli xarisxis Tavadoba uboZa.

1845 wels mixeil voroncovi saqarTveloSi, kerZod ki, 1845 wels mixeil voroncovi saqarTveloSi, kerZod ki,

TbilisSi Camovida (dabrunda) ara rogorc rigiTi moxele TbilisSi Camovida (dabrunda) ara rogorc rigiTi moxele

an Cinovniki, aramed rogorc mefisnacvali, anu imperatoris an Cinovniki, aramed rogorc mefisnacvali, anu imperatoris

moadgile, igive kavkasiis namestniki.moadgile, igive kavkasiis namestniki.

m. voroncovs aseve miniWebuli hqonda gansakuTrebul m. voroncovs aseve miniWebuli hqonda gansakuTrebul

davalebaTa ministris wodeba, rac uzrunvelyofda misi davalebaTa ministris wodeba, rac uzrunvelyofda misi

uflebebis realizacias yvela mimarTulebiT da gacilebiT uflebebis realizacias yvela mimarTulebiT da gacilebiT

aiolebda qveynebsa da mmarTvel wreebs Soris urTierTobas, aiolebda qveynebsa da mmarTvel wreebs Soris urTierTobas,

romelic manamde mougvarebeli da daubalansebeli iyo.romelic manamde mougvarebeli da daubalansebeli iyo.

mefisnacvlis institutis Camoyalibeba didad ar gansx-mefisnacvlis institutis Camoyalibeba didad ar gansx-

vavdeboda mTavarmarTeblis Tanamdebobidan, magram arsebob-vavdeboda mTavarmarTeblis Tanamdebobidan, magram arsebob-

da rigi faqtorebisa, romelTa wyalobiTac igi meti diplo-da rigi faqtorebisa, romelTa wyalobiTac igi meti diplo-

matiurobiT, moqnilobiTa da sizustiT gamoirCeoda. miuxe-matiurobiT, moqnilobiTa da sizustiT gamoirCeoda. miuxe-

davad amisa, yvelaferi es gamousadegari Seiqneboda, rom ara davad amisa, yvelaferi es gamousadegari Seiqneboda, rom ara

mixeil voroncovis, rogorc SesaniSnavi mmarTvelis, diplo-mixeil voroncovis, rogorc SesaniSnavi mmarTvelis, diplo-

matis, politikosis, qarTvel erze mzrunveli adamianis, xe-matis, politikosis, qarTvel erze mzrunveli adamianis, xe-

lovnebis, ganaTlebisa da kulturis mfarvelis, mrewvelo-lovnebis, ganaTlebisa da kulturis mfarvelis, mrewvelo-

bisa da ekonomikis sulisCamdgmelis moRvaweoba da saqmis bisa da ekonomikis sulisCamdgmelis moRvaweoba da saqmis

uangaro erTguleba. uangaro erTguleba.

saqarTveloSi Camosvlidan or TveSi mixeil voroncov-saqarTveloSi Camosvlidan or TveSi mixeil voroncov-

ma moiara da daaTvaliera samegrelo, imereTi, kaxeTi, qa-ma moiara da daaTvaliera samegrelo, imereTi, kaxeTi, qa-

rTli, Savi zRvis mazra, War-belaqani da axalcixis mazra. rTli, Savi zRvis mazra, War-belaqani da axalcixis mazra.

`mefisnacvalma Seadgina amierkavkasiisa da saqarTvelos mx-`mefisnacvalma Seadgina amierkavkasiisa da saqarTvelos mx-

aris geografiuli mowyobis gegma. mas Cafiqrebuli hqonda aris geografiuli mowyobis gegma. mas Cafiqrebuli hqonda

mrewvelobis, ganaTlebis, ekonomikisa da sxva mniSvnelovani mrewvelobis, ganaTlebis, ekonomikisa da sxva mniSvnelovani

dargebis ganviTareba. voroncovs miaCnda, rom erovnuli men-dargebis ganviTareba. voroncovs miaCnda, rom erovnuli men-

talitetisa da adaT-wesebis dacva iyo upirvelesi garanti talitetisa da adaT-wesebis dacva iyo upirvelesi garanti

imisa, rom ar dakarguliyo ndoba xalxsa da mefisnacvals imisa, rom ar dakarguliyo ndoba xalxsa da mefisnacvals

Soris, ramac uaRresad dadebiTi Sedegi gamoiRo~.Soris, ramac uaRresad dadebiTi Sedegi gamoiRo~.5

Tumca, iyvnen adamianebi, romelTac miaCndaT, rom mixeil Tumca, iyvnen adamianebi, romelTac miaCndaT, rom mixeil

voroncovis politika mimarTuli iyo qarTvelTa garusebisa voroncovis politika mimarTuli iyo qarTvelTa garusebisa

5 saqarTvelos 1904 wlis kalendari, Tb., 1903, gv. 103.

88 mamuka cuxiSvilida gadagvarebisaken. cxadia, am mosazrebis avtorebs dResac da gadagvarebisaken. cxadia, am mosazrebis avtorebs dResac

hyavT damcvelebi, Cven maT naazrevsac SevexebiT.hyavT damcvelebi, Cven maT naazrevsac SevexebiT.

voroncovma TbilisSi damkvidrebisTanave daiwyo axali voroncovma TbilisSi damkvidrebisTanave daiwyo axali

politikuri kursis gatareba, rac aisaxa 1846 wels nikoloz politikuri kursis gatareba, rac aisaxa 1846 wels nikoloz

pirvelisadmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi: `yoveli cvlileba da pirvelisadmi gagzavnil moxsenebaSi: `yoveli cvlileba da

yoveli axali saqme, romelic cvlis saukunovan adaTebs, me-yoveli axali saqme, romelic cvlis saukunovan adaTebs, me-

tismetad Zneli gasatarebelia yvelgan, gansakuTrebiT aqaur tismetad Zneli gasatarebelia yvelgan, gansakuTrebiT aqaur

mxareSi, da amitom msgavs SemTxvevaSi unda vimoqmedoT didi mxareSi, da amitom msgavs SemTxvevaSi unda vimoqmedoT didi

sifrTxiliT. ZaldatanebiTi zomebi ara Tu moitanen sikeTes, sifrTxiliT. ZaldatanebiTi zomebi ara Tu moitanen sikeTes,

maT SeiZleba hqondeT Zalian cudi Sedegebi~.maT SeiZleba hqondeT Zalian cudi Sedegebi~.6

misi, rogorc mefisnacvlis, tolerantuli damokideb-misi, rogorc mefisnacvlis, tolerantuli damokideb-

uleba xalxis mimarT maSinve gaxda cnobili. man gaatara mniS-uleba xalxis mimarT maSinve gaxda cnobili. man gaatara mniS-

vnelovani RonisZiebebi _ dawyebuli miwis mesakuTreobidan, vnelovani RonisZiebebi _ dawyebuli miwis mesakuTreobidan,

damTavrebuli mTeli rigi saglexo reformebiT.damTavrebuli mTeli rigi saglexo reformebiT.

mixeil voroncovis erT-erT umTavres miRwevad unda CaiT-mixeil voroncovis erT-erT umTavres miRwevad unda CaiT-

valos, Tavad-aznaurTa mxridan mTavrobisadmi wodebrivi valos, Tavad-aznaurTa mxridan mTavrobisadmi wodebrivi

kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb wayenebuli ultimatumebis dadebiTad kuTvnilebis Sesaxeb wayenebuli ultimatumebis dadebiTad

gadawyveta. kerZod, imperatorTan SeTanxmebiT, gadaisinja gadawyveta. kerZod, imperatorTan SeTanxmebiT, gadaisinja

1831 wlis senatis mier miRebuli Semowmebis oqmi da dadge-1831 wlis senatis mier miRebuli Semowmebis oqmi da dadge-

nileba, romelic xarvezebiT savse aRmoCnda.nileba, romelic xarvezebiT savse aRmoCnda.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Tavad-aznaurTa sakiTxis Seswav-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Tavad-aznaurTa sakiTxis Seswav-

la SedarebiT ioli gamodga, vinaidan 1783 wlis georgievskis la SedarebiT ioli gamodga, vinaidan 1783 wlis georgievskis

traqtatze TandarTuli iyo maTi sia, xolo dasavleT saqa-traqtatze TandarTuli iyo maTi sia, xolo dasavleT saqa-

rTvelos Tavad-aznaurTa problemis gadawyvetam didi miTq-rTvelos Tavad-aznaurTa problemis gadawyvetam didi miTq-

ma-moTqma gamoiwvia. saTavado aznaurebi calke gamoyves da ma-moTqma gamoiwvia. saTavado aznaurebi calke gamoyves da

amieridan aRiricxebodnen, rogorc damoukidebeli aznaure-amieridan aRiricxebodnen, rogorc damoukidebeli aznaure-

bi. 1850 wlis dekembridan imereTisa da guriis Tavadebsa da bi. 1850 wlis dekembridan imereTisa da guriis Tavadebsa da

aznaurebs miecaT ufleba, cal-calke aerCiaT winamZRolebi. aznaurebs miecaT ufleba, cal-calke aerCiaT winamZRolebi.

aseve, quTaisSi dafuZnda Tavad-aznaurTa deputatebis sakre-aseve, quTaisSi dafuZnda Tavad-aznaurTa deputatebis sakre-

bulo.bulo.

1846 wels mixeil voroncovis davalebiT Crdilo ameriki-1846 wels mixeil voroncovis davalebiT Crdilo ameriki-

dan da egviptidan gamoiweres bambis Tesli da bambis warmoe-dan da egviptidan gamoiweres bambis Tesli da bambis warmoe-

bis manqanebi, xolo albaneTidan, yirimidan da smirnidan – bis manqanebi, xolo albaneTidan, yirimidan da smirnidan –

Tambaqos Tesli.Tambaqos Tesli.

mixeil voroncovis damsaxurebaa isic, rom TbilisTan ax-mixeil voroncovis damsaxurebaa isic, rom TbilisTan ax-

los, norioSi 1848 wels Seiqmna mecxvareobis sacdeli ferma, los, norioSi 1848 wels Seiqmna mecxvareobis sacdeli ferma,

6 v. n. ivanenko, amierkavkasiis samoqalaqo aqtebi, 1901, moskovi, gv. 249, rusul enaze.

89mixeil voroncovisaidanac dainteresebul ojaxebs Tu fermerebs mosaSeneblad saidanac dainteresebul ojaxebs Tu fermerebs mosaSeneblad

ufasod eZleodaT merinosis jiSis cxvari. am fermam sul 7 ufasod eZleodaT merinosis jiSis cxvari. am fermam sul 7

weli iarseba, magram garkveuli wvlili namdvilad Seitana weli iarseba, magram garkveuli wvlili namdvilad Seitana

qarTuli mecxvareobis ganviTarebis saqmeSi.qarTuli mecxvareobis ganviTarebis saqmeSi.

1850-iani wlebis dasawyisSi TbilisSi daiwyo samrewvelo 1850-iani wlebis dasawyisSi TbilisSi daiwyo samrewvelo

obieqtebis mSenebloba, romelnic SemdegSi safuZvlad daedo obieqtebis mSenebloba, romelnic SemdegSi safuZvlad daedo

saqarTvelos fabrika-qarxnebs da kustarul sawarmoebs.saqarTvelos fabrika-qarxnebs da kustarul sawarmoebs.

imave wlebSi, TbilisSi gaixsna abreSumis saxazino war-imave wlebSi, TbilisSi gaixsna abreSumis saxazino war-

moeba, sadac daasaqmes patimari qalebi; menejmentis arqona da moeba, sadac daasaqmes patimari qalebi; menejmentis arqona da

kvalificiuri muSaxelis ararseboba gaxda mizezi imisa, rom kvalificiuri muSaxelis ararseboba gaxda mizezi imisa, rom

fabrika male daixura, Tumca man saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis fabrika male daixura, Tumca man saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis

meabreSumeobis ganviTarebas xeli namdvilad Seuwyo.meabreSumeobis ganviTarebas xeli namdvilad Seuwyo.

1851 wels sofel dreSi1851 wels sofel dreSi7 m. voroncovis iniciativiT gaix- m. voroncovis iniciativiT gaix-

sna maudis fabrika. Cven SemogvrCa misi werili misive moadgi-sna maudis fabrika. Cven SemogvrCa misi werili misive moadgi-

lis readisadmi, sadac is wers: `Cven gvaqvs imedi imisa, rom lis readisadmi, sadac is wers: `Cven gvaqvs imedi imisa, rom

maudis fabrika warmatebiT gaarTmevs Tavs movaleobas da is maudis fabrika warmatebiT gaarTmevs Tavs movaleobas da is

uzrunvelyofs kavkasiis korpusis saldaTebisaTvis saWiro uzrunvelyofs kavkasiis korpusis saldaTebisaTvis saWiro

da sakmarisi maudis damzadebas. maudis fabrikis arsebobisaT-da sakmarisi maudis damzadebas. maudis fabrikis arsebobisaT-

vis aucilebelia namdvili da sarwmuno gasaReba, e. i. is, rom vis aucilebelia namdvili da sarwmuno gasaReba, e. i. is, rom

komisariati saWiro mauds fabrikidan yovelTvis Rebulob-komisariati saWiro mauds fabrikidan yovelTvis Rebulob-

des. aseTi RonisZieba mudam xelsayreli iqneboda TviT komis-des. aseTi RonisZieba mudam xelsayreli iqneboda TviT komis-

ariatebisTvis. magram ruseTSi saldaTis maudis fabrikisaT-ariatebisTvis. magram ruseTSi saldaTis maudis fabrikisaT-

vis damtkicebuli wesebis pirobebSi finansTa ministri Tv-vis damtkicebuli wesebis pirobebSi finansTa ministri Tv-

lis, rom didi raodenobiT aqauri maudis miReba gaZneldeba lis, rom didi raodenobiT aqauri maudis miReba gaZneldeba

da vSiSob, rom es sasargeblo saqme, esoden xelsayreli ro-da vSiSob, rom es sasargeblo saqme, esoden xelsayreli ro-

gorc xazinisaTvis, ise aqauri uzarmazari mecxvareobisaTvis, gorc xazinisaTvis, ise aqauri uzarmazari mecxvareobisaTvis,

romelic bazars TiTqmis ver poulobs, savsebiT Sewydeba~.romelic bazars TiTqmis ver poulobs, savsebiT Sewydeba~.8

1850-iani wlebidan TbilisSi cxovrobda Sveicarieli me-1850-iani wlebidan TbilisSi cxovrobda Sveicarieli me-

warme Stiuse, romelmac 1851 wels TbilisSive gaxsna liTo-warme Stiuse, romelmac 1851 wels TbilisSive gaxsna liTo-

nis Camomsxmeli qarxana. amis Sesaxeb voroncovi imperators nis Camomsxmeli qarxana. amis Sesaxeb voroncovi imperators

swerda: `Cemi didi survili iyo, TbilisSi gamexsna liTon-swerda: `Cemi didi survili iyo, TbilisSi gamexsna liTon-

Camomsxmeli qarxana da Sesabamisad, 1850 wels neba davrTe Camomsxmeli qarxana da Sesabamisad, 1850 wels neba davrTe

Sesabamis samsaxurebs, TbilisSi mcxovreb meqanikos Stius-Sesabamis samsaxurebs, TbilisSi mcxovreb meqanikos Stius-

esTvis miezomaT miwa da masveesTvis miezomaT miwa da masve9 Cems gankargulebaSi arsebu- Cems gankargulebaSi arsebu-

7 imxanad Sedioda Tbilisis SemadgenlobaSi, axla ki ekuTvnis TeTriwyaros raio-

nis orbeTis Tems.

8 Акти, X, gv. 886.

9 anu Stiuses.

90 mamuka cuxiSvilili Tanxidan miveci 10 aTasi maneTi. am warmoebis Senoba das-li Tanxidan miveci 10 aTasi maneTi. am warmoebis Senoba das-

rulebulia da es Tavdebia sesxisa. ucxoeTidan gamowerilia rulebulia da es Tavdebia sesxisa. ucxoeTidan gamowerilia

zusti nakeTobis manqanebi, qarxana mimdinare wels ukve amo-zusti nakeTobis manqanebi, qarxana mimdinare wels ukve amo-

qmedda. garda amisa, am ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi qmedda. garda amisa, am ukanaskneli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi

muSaobs aseTive Tujis samsxmelo qarxana, romelic ekuTvnis muSaobs aseTive Tujis samsxmelo qarxana, romelic ekuTvnis

artileriis polkovniks yorRanovs~.artileriis polkovniks yorRanovs~.1010

voroncovis mxardaWeriT 1846 wels sofel RvarevSi eliz-voroncovis mxardaWeriT 1846 wels sofel RvarevSi eliz-

bar da dimitri erisTavebma aages minis qarxana, romlis mier bar da dimitri erisTavebma aages minis qarxana, romlis mier

warmoebuli minis tara gamoirCeoda maRali xarisxiT da, warmoebuli minis tara gamoirCeoda maRali xarisxiT da,

Sesabamisad, maxlobel bazarze yvelaze maRalteqnologiur Sesabamisad, maxlobel bazarze yvelaze maRalteqnologiur

produqciad iyo miCneuli.produqciad iyo miCneuli.

XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi ganaxlda qarTuli perioduli XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi ganaxlda qarTuli perioduli

presis gamocema, romelsac saTaveSi Caudga giorgi erisTavi. presis gamocema, romelsac saTaveSi Caudga giorgi erisTavi.

Jurnals ewoda `ciskari~, romelic gamodioda yvelTviurad. Jurnals ewoda `ciskari~, romelic gamodioda yvelTviurad.

am JurnalSi ibeWdeboda qarTuli mxatvruli literaturis am JurnalSi ibeWdeboda qarTuli mxatvruli literaturis

nimuSebi, aseve rus da ucxoel mweralTa nawarmoebebi.nimuSebi, aseve rus da ucxoel mweralTa nawarmoebebi.

TbilisSi gamosvla daiwyo yovelwliurma kalendarma, sa-TbilisSi gamosvla daiwyo yovelwliurma kalendarma, sa-

dac Tavs iyrida yvela saxis masala, rac enciklopediur ga-dac Tavs iyrida yvela saxis masala, rac enciklopediur ga-

naTlebas aZlevda dainteresebul sazogadoebas.naTlebas aZlevda dainteresebul sazogadoebas.

garda imisa, rom xidebis, gvirabebis, gadasarbeni bor-garda imisa, rom xidebis, gvirabebis, gadasarbeni bor-

nebis, qarxana-fabrikebis mSenebloba gaCaRda, voroncovi xe-nebis, qarxana-fabrikebis mSenebloba gaCaRda, voroncovi xe-

lidan ar uSvebda arc erT SemTxvevas, rom Tavisi moRvaweoba lidan ar uSvebda arc erT SemTxvevas, rom Tavisi moRvaweoba

kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kuTxiTac waremarTa. kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kuTxiTac waremarTa.

Tu rogor afasebda qarTul kulturasa da, saerTod, qa-Tu rogor afasebda qarTul kulturasa da, saerTod, qa-

rTvel ers mixeil voroncovi, kargad Cans mis mier impera-rTvel ers mixeil voroncovi, kargad Cans mis mier impera-

torisadmi gagzavnil erT werilSi: `wignis beWdva aq pirve-torisadmi gagzavnil erT werilSi: `wignis beWdva aq pirve-

lad daiwyo mefe vaxtangis dros, as welze meti xnis winaT, lad daiwyo mefe vaxtangis dros, as welze meti xnis winaT,

magram mis dros wliurad ori wigni Tu gamodioda, xolo mis magram mis dros wliurad ori wigni Tu gamodioda, xolo mis

Semdeg Seuwyveteli SfoTis wyalobiT, qveyanas rom glejda, Semdeg Seuwyveteli SfoTis wyalobiT, qveyanas rom glejda,

erTic ar dabeWdila da axla saeklesio wignebs aq moskovi-erTic ar dabeWdila da axla saeklesio wignebs aq moskovi-

dan Rebuloben. es maSin, roca literaturis da mxatvruli dan Rebuloben. es maSin, roca literaturis da mxatvruli

sityvisadmi gemovneba aq arasodes ar wydeboda. Rirsia aRin-sityvisadmi gemovneba aq arasodes ar wydeboda. Rirsia aRin-

iSnos, rom maSin, roca evropis yvela qveyanaSi salaparako iSnos, rom maSin, roca evropis yvela qveyanaSi salaparako

ena icvleboda, aq ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi Zireulma ena icvleboda, aq ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi Zireulma

enam SeinarCunda Tavdapirveloba. ganTqmuli poema `vefxis-enam SeinarCunda Tavdapirveloba. ganTqmuli poema `vefxis-

tyaosani~, dawerili 700 wlis winaT, Tamar mefis dros, ax-tyaosani~, dawerili 700 wlis winaT, Tamar mefis dros, ax-

10 Акти, X, gv. 887.

91mixeil voroncovilac iTvleba qarTuli enis saukeTeso nimuSad. saqarTveloSi lac iTvleba qarTuli enis saukeTeso nimuSad. saqarTveloSi

TiTqmis yvelam zepirad icis es poema. ukanaskneli 50 wlis TiTqmis yvelam zepirad icis es poema. ukanaskneli 50 wlis

ganmavlobaSi da axlac warCinebuli qarTveli ojaxebidan ganmavlobaSi da axlac warCinebuli qarTveli ojaxebidan

bevrni arian, romlebic ewevian literaturul muSaobas bevrni arian, romlebic ewevian literaturul muSaobas

prozaSi da leqsSi, originalis Tu Targmanis saxiT. amgvari prozaSi da leqsSi, originalis Tu Targmanis saxiT. amgvari

kulturuli mimarTuleba saWiro iyo wameqezebina, raTa kulturuli mimarTuleba saWiro iyo wameqezebina, raTa

sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuliyo es keTilSobili miswrafeba sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuliyo es keTilSobili miswrafeba

xelovnebisadmi~.xelovnebisadmi~.1111

voroncoviseuli Sefaseba gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa voroncoviseuli Sefaseba gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa

dRes, roca TviT qarTvelTa Soris SeimCneva tendencia ni-dRes, roca TviT qarTvelTa Soris SeimCneva tendencia ni-

hilisturi damokidebulebisa Cveni eris istoriuli warsu-hilisturi damokidebulebisa Cveni eris istoriuli warsu-

lisa da kulturisadmi.lisa da kulturisadmi.

1850 wlis 2(15) ianvars Tbilisis gimnaziis saaqto dar-1850 wlis 2(15) ianvars Tbilisis gimnaziis saaqto dar-

bazSi scenismoyvareTa ZalebiT, giorgi erisTavis reJiso-bazSi scenismoyvareTa ZalebiT, giorgi erisTavis reJiso-

robiT da monawileobiT daidga speqtakli `gayra~. swored robiT da monawileobiT daidga speqtakli `gayra~. swored

es TariRi aris miCneuli qarTuli Teatris aRdgenis dRed. es TariRi aris miCneuli qarTuli Teatris aRdgenis dRed.

Tbilisis sajaro biblioTekisa da numizmatikuri sazogadoe-Tbilisis sajaro biblioTekisa da numizmatikuri sazogadoe-

bis daarsebas marTlac Seufasebeli mniSvneloba hqonda qa-bis daarsebas marTlac Seufasebeli mniSvneloba hqonda qa-

rTuli sazogadoebis sulieri da kulturuli dawinaurebi-rTuli sazogadoebis sulieri da kulturuli dawinaurebi-

saTvis.saTvis.

1846 wels kavkasiis mefisnacvlis Sida biblioTekisa da 1846 wels kavkasiis mefisnacvlis Sida biblioTekisa da

1842 wels dimitri yifianis iniciativiT gaxsnili `kerZo 1842 wels dimitri yifianis iniciativiT gaxsnili `kerZo

saamxanago biblioTekis~ bazaze daarsda `tfilisis sajaro saamxanago biblioTekis~ bazaze daarsda `tfilisis sajaro

biblioTeka~. biblioTekis gamarTva da direqtoroba daeva-biblioTeka~. biblioTekis gamarTva da direqtoroba daeva-

la mefisnacvlis kancelariis inspeqtors gavril tokarevs, la mefisnacvlis kancelariis inspeqtors gavril tokarevs,

romelsac aseve didi samsaxuri gauwia imxanad TbilisSi romelsac aseve didi samsaxuri gauwia imxanad TbilisSi

myofma nevSatelis akademiis akademikosma, Sveicarielma mog-myofma nevSatelis akademiis akademikosma, Sveicarielma mog-

zaurma, mkvlevarma da geologma mari-frederik diubua de zaurma, mkvlevarma da geologma mari-frederik diubua de

monperem (1798-1850).monperem (1798-1850).

aqve aRvniSnavT erT friad sagulisxmo ambavs, mixeil vo-aqve aRvniSnavT erT friad sagulisxmo ambavs, mixeil vo-

roncovma 1847 wels TxovniT mimarTa cnobil qarTvel poet-roncovma 1847 wels TxovniT mimarTa cnobil qarTvel poet-

sa da sazogado moRvawes vaxtang orbelians,sa da sazogado moRvawes vaxtang orbelians,1212 misi saxsrebiT misi saxsrebiT

aego sajaro biblioTekisTvis Senoba, razec vaxtang orbe-aego sajaro biblioTekisTvis Senoba, razec vaxtang orbe-

liani myisve daTanxmda. axlad agebuli Senoba 1851 wels ga-liani myisve daTanxmda. axlad agebuli Senoba 1851 wels ga-

daeca sajaro biblioTekas. voroncovis davalebiT 1850 wels daeca sajaro biblioTekas. voroncovis davalebiT 1850 wels

11 Акти, X, gv. 881.

12 1812-1890, erekle II SviliSvili, Tekle batoniSvilis vaJi.

92 mamuka cuxiSvilibiblioTekis direqtorad moskovidan mowveul iqna ludvig biblioTekis direqtorad moskovidan mowveul iqna ludvig

de san-toma, romelic maleve Secvala misma Svilma, radgan is de san-toma, romelic maleve Secvala misma Svilma, radgan is

avadmyofobis gamo ukanve, moskovSi dabrundaavadmyofobis gamo ukanve, moskovSi dabrunda.manamde ki voroncovi werda imperators: ̀ rusuli dramat-manamde ki voroncovi werda imperators: ̀ rusuli dramat-

uli warmodgenebis damoukideblad, 1850 wlis dasawyisSi iyo uli warmodgenebis damoukideblad, 1850 wlis dasawyisSi iyo

pirveli cda warmodgenebis dadgmisa qarTul enaze Tbilisis pirveli cda warmodgenebis dadgmisa qarTul enaze Tbilisis

sazogadoebis saukeTeso pirebisagan. am cdas wilad xvda sru-sazogadoebis saukeTeso pirebisagan. am cdas wilad xvda sru-

li warmateba, ramac daamtkica, rom SeiZleba Seiqmnes mudmivi li warmateba, ramac daamtkica, rom SeiZleba Seiqmnes mudmivi

qarTuli Teatri. gamoCndnen artistebi, amoRebulia qarTu-qarTuli Teatri. gamoCndnen artistebi, amoRebulia qarTu-

li mwerlobis bevri, adre daviwyebas micemuli, srulfaso-li mwerlobis bevri, adre daviwyebas micemuli, srulfaso-

vani nawarmoebebi da gadakeTebulia scenisaTvis. qarTuli vani nawarmoebebi da gadakeTebulia scenisaTvis. qarTuli

literatura gamococxlda~.literatura gamococxlda~.1313

Suri _ es gansakuTrebuli seni kacTa modgmisa yovelTvis Suri _ es gansakuTrebuli seni kacTa modgmisa yovelTvis

mudmivi Tanamdevi iyo da aris didTa da keTilTa saqmeebis mudmivi Tanamdevi iyo da aris didTa da keTilTa saqmeebis

SemoqmedTa. arc mixeil voroncovi da misi moRvaweoba yo-SemoqmedTa. arc mixeil voroncovi da misi moRvaweoba yo-

fila gamonaklisi.fila gamonaklisi.

maudis fabrikis daxurvis mizezi mxolod da mxolod ruse-maudis fabrikis daxurvis mizezi mxolod da mxolod ruse-

Tis imperatoris karze momsaxure usaqmuri Cinovnikebi iyvnen, Tis imperatoris karze momsaxure usaqmuri Cinovnikebi iyvnen,

romlebic finansTa da vaWrobis ministrebs aiZulebdnen vo-romlebic finansTa da vaWrobis ministrebs aiZulebdnen vo-

roncovis dawyebuli yvela saqme CaegdoT, rasac dreSis mau-roncovis dawyebuli yvela saqme CaegdoT, rasac dreSis mau-

dis kombinatis (fabrikis) daxurvac adasturebs.dis kombinatis (fabrikis) daxurvac adasturebs.

`Cven Tvals vadevnebT voroncovis moRvaweobas da unda `Cven Tvals vadevnebT voroncovis moRvaweobas da unda

aRiniSnos misi ueWveli damsaxureba, romelic miuZRvis mx-aRiniSnos misi ueWveli damsaxureba, romelic miuZRvis mx-

arisaris1414 ganaTlebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi, TbilisSi sajaro ganaTlebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi, TbilisSi sajaro

biblioTekis gaxsnaSi, geografiuli sazogadoebis kavkasiis biblioTekis gaxsnaSi, geografiuli sazogadoebis kavkasiis

ganyofilebisa da sasoflo-sameurneo sazogadoebis Seqm-ganyofilebisa da sasoflo-sameurneo sazogadoebis Seqm-

naSi, stambebis daarsebaSi, gazeT `kavkazisa~ da `kavkazski naSi, stambebis daarsebaSi, gazeT `kavkazisa~ da `kavkazski

kalendris~ beWdvis dawyebaSi, TbilisSi SesaniSnavi Teatris kalendris~ beWdvis dawyebaSi, TbilisSi SesaniSnavi Teatris

aSenebaSi~.aSenebaSi~.1515

XX saukunis dasawyisSi gamocemuli krebuli iuwyeboda: XX saukunis dasawyisSi gamocemuli krebuli iuwyeboda:

`voroncovs Tavis samSoblosaviT uyvarda Cveni mxare da si-`voroncovs Tavis samSoblosaviT uyvarda Cveni mxare da si-

yvaruliT da erTgulebiT ganagebda mas. misi zrunvis TaviyvaruliT da erTgulebiT ganagebda mas. misi zrunvis Tavi1616

mizani iyo adgilobriv mcxovrebTa sikeTe da bedniereba. mas mizani iyo adgilobriv mcxovrebTa sikeTe da bedniereba. mas

kargad esmoda, rom uwinares yovlisa saWiro iyo adgilobrivi kargad esmoda, rom uwinares yovlisa saWiro iyo adgilobrivi

13 Акти, X, gv. 881.

14 igulisxmeba saqarTvelo.

15 Акти, t. X, gv. 8.

16 mTavari.

93mixeil voroncovielementi daeaxloebina ruseTisaTvis. es unda momxdariyo mS-elementi daeaxloebina ruseTisaTvis. es unda momxdariyo mS-

vidobianad, Zaldautaneblad, kulturulad. ZaldatanebiTi vidobianad, Zaldautaneblad, kulturulad. ZaldatanebiTi

zomebi aramc Tu sargeblobas ar moitanen, piriqiT, SeuZliaT zomebi aramc Tu sargeblobas ar moitanen, piriqiT, SeuZliaT

cudi Sedegebic moitanono, – moaxsena man erTxel impera-cudi Sedegebic moitanono, – moaxsena man erTxel impera-

tors. amitom, voroncovma Tavidanve mihyo xeli kulturul tors. amitom, voroncovma Tavidanve mihyo xeli kulturul

Sromas. bevr axalgazrdas ruseTSi ganaTlebis miRebis Se-Sromas. bevr axalgazrdas ruseTSi ganaTlebis miRebis Se-

Zleba misca, daaarsa kavkasiaSi gimnaziebi, saxelosno da sax-Zleba misca, daaarsa kavkasiaSi gimnaziebi, saxelosno da sax-

alxo skolebi, xels uwyobda mrewvelobis yvela dargis gan-alxo skolebi, xels uwyobda mrewvelobis yvela dargis gan-

viTarebas. amis garda igi zrunavda xalxis gonebriv ganviTa-viTarebas. amis garda igi zrunavda xalxis gonebriv ganviTa-

rebazec. daaarsa gazeTebi, mSvenieri saopero da dramatuli rebazec. daaarsa gazeTebi, mSvenieri saopero da dramatuli

Teatrebi. erTi sityviT, voroncovSi Cven vxedavT Segnebul Teatrebi. erTi sityviT, voroncovSi Cven vxedavT Segnebul

msoflioSi gavlenian politikoss, romelic xalxis guls msoflioSi gavlenian politikoss, romelic xalxis guls

igebda ara SiSiT da devniT, aramed siyvaruliT, TanadgomiTa igebda ara SiSiT da devniT, aramed siyvaruliT, TanadgomiTa

da seriozuli daxmarebiT~.da seriozuli daxmarebiT~.1717

mixeil voroncovi Tavis yovelwliur mimoxilvaSi, ro-mixeil voroncovi Tavis yovelwliur mimoxilvaSi, ro-

melic Seexeboda soflis meurneobis, mewarmeobis Tu teqni-melic Seexeboda soflis meurneobis, mewarmeobis Tu teqni-

kur miRwevebs, werda: `yvela sagani (gakeTebuli mxareSi) kur miRwevebs, werda: `yvela sagani (gakeTebuli mxareSi)

avlens kavkasiis udides simdidres. sxvadasxvanairoba, ro-avlens kavkasiis udides simdidres. sxvadasxvanairoba, ro-

melic amierkavkasiis yofa-cxovrebisaTvis saerTod damaxa-melic amierkavkasiis yofa-cxovrebisaTvis saerTod damaxa-

siaTebelia, istoriulobis, xalxisa da havis mxriv, yvelaze siaTebelia, istoriulobis, xalxisa da havis mxriv, yvelaze

metad gamoixata am mxris bunebriv da samrewvelo nawarmoe-metad gamoixata am mxris bunebriv da samrewvelo nawarmoe-

bebSi. Tu saqarTvelos miswrafeba mrewvelobisadmi, aseve, bebSi. Tu saqarTvelos miswrafeba mrewvelobisadmi, aseve,

xalxis daintereseba Zlieri ekonomikuri berketis Sesaqmen-xalxis daintereseba Zlieri ekonomikuri berketis Sesaqmen-

lad xelisuflebis mxridan iqneba SeuzRudavi, ufro ganvi-lad xelisuflebis mxridan iqneba SeuzRudavi, ufro ganvi-

Tardeba amierkavkasiisa da saqarTvelos ekonomika da isini Tardeba amierkavkasiisa da saqarTvelos ekonomika da isini

SeZleben ruseTis momaragebas erovnuli produqciiT~.SeZleben ruseTis momaragebas erovnuli produqciiT~.1818

`1845-1850 wlebSi Tavad voroncovis mier ganxorcielebul-`1845-1850 wlebSi Tavad voroncovis mier ganxorcielebul-

ma mTelma rigma mniSvnelovanma RonisZiebebma, CvenSi soflis ma mTelma rigma mniSvnelovanma RonisZiebebma, CvenSi soflis

meurneobis gasaviTareblad, axlandeli sazogadoebis praqti-meurneobis gasaviTareblad, axlandeli sazogadoebis praqti-

kuli moRvawoebisaTvis saukeTeso niadagi Seqmnes~,kuli moRvawoebisaTvis saukeTeso niadagi Seqmnes~,1919 _ aRniS- _ aRniS-

navda niko nikolaZe. masve miaCnda, rom swored XIX saukunis navda niko nikolaZe. masve miaCnda, rom swored XIX saukunis

Sua periodma gadamwyveti roli Seasrula saqarTvelos eko-Sua periodma gadamwyveti roli Seasrula saqarTvelos eko-

nomikuri da strategiuli ganviTarebis samamuliSvilo saqme-nomikuri da strategiuli ganviTarebis samamuliSvilo saqme-

Si, raSic mixeil voroncovis damsaxureba eniT auwerelia.Si, raSic mixeil voroncovis damsaxureba eniT auwerelia.

niko nikolaZe aseve miuTiTebs im warmatebebze, romelsac niko nikolaZe aseve miuTiTebs im warmatebebze, romelsac

17 saqarTvelos kalendari-1904, v. gunias redaqciiT. Tb., 1903, gv. 219.

18 Акти, X, gv. 889-890.

19 n. nikolaZe, Txzulebani, t. 4. Tb., 1964. gv.

94 mamuka cuxiSvilisaqarTvelom soflis meurneobis sxvadasxva dargSi umokles saqarTvelom soflis meurneobis sxvadasxva dargSi umokles

droSi miaRwia. kerZod, `1850 wlis martis gamofenaze war-droSi miaRwia. kerZod, `1850 wlis martis gamofenaze war-

modgenili iyo 2000-mde nimuSi. uyuradRebod vtovebT ra modgenili iyo 2000-mde nimuSi. uyuradRebod vtovebT ra

aqauri meurneobis Cveulebriv nawarmoebebs, simoklisaTvis aqauri meurneobis Cveulebriv nawarmoebebs, simoklisaTvis

davasaxelebT Semdeg produqtebs: xorbali arnautka, Cinuri davasaxelebT Semdeg produqtebs: xorbali arnautka, Cinuri

brinji, romelic mSral adgilebSi modis, gareuli Svria, brinji, romelic mSral adgilebSi modis, gareuli Svria,

gamxmari xili, kakali, Warxali, wiwmatigamxmari xili, kakali, Warxali, wiwmati2020, adgilobrivi da , adgilobrivi da

italiuri amoxvevis abreSumi, abreSumis qula, abreSumis italiuri amoxvevis abreSumi, abreSumis qula, abreSumis

parki, darTuli da daurTavi matyli, TivTiki, angoris ji-parki, darTuli da daurTavi matyli, TivTiki, angoris ji-

Sis Txebis TivTiki, espanuri matyli, ionja, xis jiSebis 37 Sis Txebis TivTiki, espanuri matyli, ionja, xis jiSebis 37

nimuSi, adgilobrivi, Turquli da havanuri (eidarovis) Tam-nimuSi, adgilobrivi, Turquli da havanuri (eidarovis) Tam-

baqo, baRisa da gareuli endro (saRebavi) _ damuSavebuli baqo, baRisa da gareuli endro (saRebavi) _ damuSavebuli

adgilobrivi da franguli xerxebiT, adgilobrivi da fran-adgilobrivi da franguli xerxebiT, adgilobrivi da fran-

guli damuSavebis zafrana, adgilobrivi gamoyvanis indigo, guli damuSavebis zafrana, adgilobrivi gamoyvanis indigo,

avinionuri msxali, alisarCuli, baia, saRebavi irmisTvala, avinionuri msxali, alisarCuli, baia, saRebavi irmisTvala,

Trimeli, broweulis qerqi (saRebavisTvis), gareuli vaSlis Trimeli, broweulis qerqi (saRebavisTvis), gareuli vaSlis

xis qerqebi (saRebavisTvis), sxvadasxva xarisxis mTrmilavi xis qerqebi (saRebavisTvis), sxvadasxva xarisxis mTrmilavi

nivTierebebi, adgilobrivi, amerikuli da egvipturi Tesle-nivTierebebi, adgilobrivi, amerikuli da egvipturi Tesle-

bidan moyvanili bambis (grZelboWkovani) bambazia da sxva.bidan moyvanili bambis (grZelboWkovani) bambazia da sxva.

Tavadma voroncovma es gamofena moawyo ramdenime TviT Tavadma voroncovma es gamofena moawyo ramdenime TviT

adre kavkasiis sasoflo-sameurneo sazogadoebis daarsebamde. adre kavkasiis sasoflo-sameurneo sazogadoebis daarsebamde.

TiTqos amiT undoda eCvenebina Cveni mxaris yvela simdidre. TiTqos amiT undoda eCvenebina Cveni mxaris yvela simdidre.

misi mTavari devizi iyo `yvelaferi es Sen mogeci, iSrome da misi mTavari devizi iyo `yvelaferi es Sen mogeci, iSrome da

ganaviTare~.ganaviTare~.2121

swored amitom dawera lev tolstoim Tavis mogonebebSi swored amitom dawera lev tolstoim Tavis mogonebebSi

mixeil voroncovis pirovnebaze: `brZenkacad da genialur mixeil voroncovis pirovnebaze: `brZenkacad da genialur

organizatorad ar dabadebula, is aseTi gaxda Tavisi sur-organizatorad ar dabadebula, is aseTi gaxda Tavisi sur-

viliT; daJinebuli mondomebiTa da mecadineobiT igonebda viliT; daJinebuli mondomebiTa da mecadineobiT igonebda

meTodebs, rogor aeyvavebina da ganeviTarebina mis mier mar-meTodebs, rogor aeyvavebina da ganeviTarebina mis mier mar-

Tuli qveyana; daZabuli gonebrivi Sromis Sedegi iyo Tavadis Tuli qveyana; daZabuli gonebrivi Sromis Sedegi iyo Tavadis

swrafva da brZnuli gadawyvetilebebis miReba~.swrafva da brZnuli gadawyvetilebebis miReba~.2222

avis mTqmels ra gamolevs?avis mTqmels ra gamolevs?

ai, esenic: `daiwyo saqarTvelos kulturuli dapyroba ai, esenic: `daiwyo saqarTvelos kulturuli dapyroba

ruseTis mefis xelisuflebis mier. am `dapyrobis~ dasawyiss ruseTis mefis xelisuflebis mier. am `dapyrobis~ dasawyiss

20 mebaReebsa da mebostneebs ar SeeZloT wlis im droSi warmoedginaT TavianTi

naxelavi.

21 nikolaZe, iqve.

22 l. tolstoi, avtobiografiuli trilogia, Tb., 1935, gv. 212.

95mixeil voroncovidaemTxva kavkasiaSi mefisnacvlad m. s. voroncovis daniSvna daemTxva kavkasiaSi mefisnacvlad m. s. voroncovis daniSvna

(1844-1854), romlis pirferoba da loialoba kargad niRbavda (1844-1854), romlis pirferoba da loialoba kargad niRbavda

mis namdvil ganzraxvebs, saqarTvelosa da mTeli kavkasiis mis namdvil ganzraxvebs, saqarTvelosa da mTeli kavkasiis

rusifikaciis saqmeSi~.rusifikaciis saqmeSi~.2323

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis pedagogikis kaT-Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis pedagogikis kaT-

edris gamge, aw gansvenebuli profesori g. TavziSvili vo-edris gamge, aw gansvenebuli profesori g. TavziSvili vo-

roncovis moRvaweobas miiCnevda saqarTvelos garusebisken roncovis moRvaweobas miiCnevda saqarTvelos garusebisken

swrafvad, Tumca amavdroulad imasac aRiarebda, rogor swrafvad, Tumca amavdroulad imasac aRiarebda, rogor

aRaSena da ganamSvena mefisnacvalma mTeli saqarTvelo. igi aRaSena da ganamSvena mefisnacvalma mTeli saqarTvelo. igi

acxadebs: `voroncovis yvela am RonisZiebas obieqturad ar acxadebs: `voroncovis yvela am RonisZiebas obieqturad ar

SeeZlo sargebloba ar moetana xalxisaTvis, Tumca subieqtu-SeeZlo sargebloba ar moetana xalxisaTvis, Tumca subieqtu-

rad is maT atarebda rogorc ufro moxerxebul saSualebebs rad is maT atarebda rogorc ufro moxerxebul saSualebebs

nacionaluri ganviTarebis gzidan qarTveli sazogadoebis nacionaluri ganviTarebis gzidan qarTveli sazogadoebis

acdenisa da rusebTan misi umtkivneulo asimilaciis mizniT~.acdenisa da rusebTan misi umtkivneulo asimilaciis mizniT~.2424

iqve moyvanili aqvs citata rusi istorikosis ivanenkos weri-iqve moyvanili aqvs citata rusi istorikosis ivanenkos weri-

lidan, romelsac misi absurdulobidan gamomdinare aq namd-lidan, romelsac misi absurdulobidan gamomdinare aq namd-

vilad ar gavimeorebT.vilad ar gavimeorebT.

TavziSvili yvela gziT cdilobs voroncovis avtorite-TavziSvili yvela gziT cdilobs voroncovis avtorite-

ti dabla dasces: `mefisnacvali voroncovi, rogorc am moZ-ti dabla dasces: `mefisnacvali voroncovi, rogorc am moZ-

raobisraobis2525 agenti, mravalnairad aCqarebda Tavadaznauruli agenti, mravalnairad aCqarebda Tavadaznauruli

yofa-cxovrebis likvidaciis process. xedavda ra voronco-yofa-cxovrebis likvidaciis process. xedavda ra voronco-

vi qarTvel TavadaznaurobaSi mefis xelisuflebis saimedo vi qarTvel TavadaznaurobaSi mefis xelisuflebis saimedo

dasayrdens, yovelgvarad uwyobda xels mis Sezrdas rusul dasayrdens, yovelgvarad uwyobda xels mis Sezrdas rusul

burJuaziul urTierTobaTa axal sistemasTan~.burJuaziul urTierTobaTa axal sistemasTan~.2626

vaxtang kotetiSvilic (1893-1937) tendenciurad afasebda vaxtang kotetiSvilic (1893-1937) tendenciurad afasebda

voroncovis pirovnebas: `voroncovis xana unda CaiTvalos voroncovis pirovnebas: `voroncovis xana unda CaiTvalos

im sistematuri reaqciis epizodad, romelsac mefis ruseTi im sistematuri reaqciis epizodad, romelsac mefis ruseTi

awarmoebda saqarTvelos mimarT. voroncovs mxolod is `dam-awarmoebda saqarTvelos mimarT. voroncovs mxolod is `dam-

saxureba~ miuZRvis, rom man gamoiCina diplomatiuri unari saxureba~ miuZRvis, rom man gamoiCina diplomatiuri unari

da moqniloba, ris saSualebiTac Tavisi politikis badeSi da moqniloba, ris saSualebiTac Tavisi politikis badeSi

moaqcia qarTveli aristokratiis didi nawili. voroncovs moaqcia qarTveli aristokratiis didi nawili. voroncovs

saqarTvelos sasargeblod araferi gaukeTebia~;saqarTvelos sasargeblod araferi gaukeTebia~;2727 `voronco- `voronco-

vis xana unda CaiTvalos im sistematuri reaqciis epizodad, vis xana unda CaiTvalos im sistematuri reaqciis epizodad,

23 giorgi TavziSvili, rCeuli nawerebi, wigni I, Tb., 1974, gv. 165.

24 iqve.

25 saubaria ruseTTan saqarTvelos asimilaciaze.

26 TavziSvili, iqve.

27 vaxtang kotetiSvili, rCeuli nawerebi, w. I., Tb., 1965, gv. 171.

96 mamuka cuxiSviliromelsac mefis ruseTi awarmoebda saqarTvelos mimarT... romelsac mefis ruseTi awarmoebda saqarTvelos mimarT...

voroncovma didi samsaxuri gauwia ruseTs, magram ra mfarv-voroncovma didi samsaxuri gauwia ruseTs, magram ra mfarv-

eloba gauwia saqarTvelos, ara Cans. marTalia, man energi-eloba gauwia saqarTvelos, ara Cans. marTalia, man energi-

ulad mokida xeli Cvens qveyanas,kulturas TiTqos saTaveSi ulad mokida xeli Cvens qveyanas,kulturas TiTqos saTaveSi

Caudga, magram igi Tavis saqmes akeTebda da Tu zogjer qa-Caudga, magram igi Tavis saqmes akeTebda da Tu zogjer qa-

rTul saqmes gadmoxedavda, es iyo Tvalis axveva da Sirma. rTul saqmes gadmoxedavda, es iyo Tvalis axveva da Sirma.

igi qmnida im centrebs, sadac aCqarebiT da sistemiT xdeboda igi qmnida im centrebs, sadac aCqarebiT da sistemiT xdeboda

erovnuli degradacia~.erovnuli degradacia~.2828

magram ra vuyoT faqtebs? ra vuyoT im saxelovan qarTvel-magram ra vuyoT faqtebs? ra vuyoT im saxelovan qarTvel-

Ta gamonaTqvamebs, romliTac isini voroncovis moRvaweobas Ta gamonaTqvamebs, romliTac isini voroncovis moRvaweobas

afasebdnen?afasebdnen?

arCil jorjaZe (1872-1913 ww.) brZanebs: `voroncovis xana arCil jorjaZe (1872-1913 ww.) brZanebs: `voroncovis xana

gansakuTrebuli xana iyo CvenSi. arc wined, arc SemdegSi, mis gansakuTrebuli xana iyo CvenSi. arc wined, arc SemdegSi, mis

msgavs movlenas ara vxedavT. voroncovis politika iyo swored msgavs movlenas ara vxedavT. voroncovis politika iyo swored

is politika, romelsac saukunoebis ganmavlobaSi amaod eZebda is politika, romelsac saukunoebis ganmavlobaSi amaod eZebda

ruseTis mmarTvelobis wreSi qarTvelTa politikuri azrovne-ruseTis mmarTvelobis wreSi qarTvelTa politikuri azrovne-

ba. erTguleba da mWidro kavSiri ruseTTan, xolo nacvlad ba. erTguleba da mWidro kavSiri ruseTTan, xolo nacvlad

amisa qarTvelebis erovnul-kulturuli aRorZinebis uzrun-amisa qarTvelebis erovnul-kulturuli aRorZinebis uzrun-

velyofa ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS. voroncovis xanamde mx-velyofa ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS. voroncovis xanamde mx-

olod pirvel nawils am politikuri formulisas mieca real-olod pirvel nawils am politikuri formulisas mieca real-

uri xasiaTi, xolo meore nawili ki ocneba iyo da ganuxorcie-uri xasiaTi, xolo meore nawili ki ocneba iyo da ganuxorcie-

lebeli wadili. voroncovma pirvelma gabedulad gamoacocx-lebeli wadili. voroncovma pirvelma gabedulad gamoacocx-

la es dRemde ganuxorcielebeli imedi. qarTvelTa erovnuli la es dRemde ganuxorcielebeli imedi. qarTvelTa erovnuli

kultura ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS, _ es ocneba realobad kultura ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS, _ es ocneba realobad

iqca da fermixdili wadili brWyviala feradebiT Seimosa”.iqca da fermixdili wadili brWyviala feradebiT Seimosa”.2929

aseTive Sefasebas iZleva melania badriZe-mamacaSvilic, aseTive Sefasebas iZleva melania badriZe-mamacaSvilic,

romelic sruliad axalgazrda gardaicvala da romlis saxe-romelic sruliad axalgazrda gardaicvala da romlis saxe-

li TiTqmis daviwyebulia. is wers: `didi xania ar vyofilvar li TiTqmis daviwyebulia. is wers: `didi xania ar vyofilvar

saqarTvelos deda-qalaqSi, da roca davbrundi, veRar vi cani. saqarTvelos deda-qalaqSi, da roca davbrundi, veRar vi cani.

Cems aq ar yofnaSi, Cveni aziuri qalaqis cvlileba Cem Tvis au-Cems aq ar yofnaSi, Cveni aziuri qalaqis cvlileba Cem Tvis au-

werlad gasaocari iyo... mivxvdi, rom moveswari saqarTvelos werlad gasaocari iyo... mivxvdi, rom moveswari saqarTvelos

ganaTlebis saukunes, rom maSasadame amaod ar mimecadinia, ganaTlebis saukunes, rom maSasadame amaod ar mimecadinia,

rac SemeZlo Cems codnas rom Sevswire Zala, rom exla aravin rac SemeZlo Cems codnas rom Sevswire Zala, rom exla aravin

gamkicxavs, rom exla TviT Cveni qal-vaJebi gamodian Teat-gamkicxavs, rom exla TviT Cveni qal-vaJebi gamodian Teat-

ris scenaze da TamaSoben piesebs da rogors? _ ris scenaze da TamaSoben piesebs da rogors? _ qarTuls!..qarTuls!..

28 iqve, 172.

29 arCil jorjaZe, Zveli da axali, Tb., 1906, gv. 78.

97mixeil voroncoviara mjeroda rom tfilisSi viyavi, an ukeT rom vsTqva, rom ara mjeroda rom tfilisSi viyavi, an ukeT rom vsTqva, rom

tfilisSi, Cems TanamemuleTa Soris aseTi ganaTleba iyo. tfilisSi, Cems TanamemuleTa Soris aseTi ganaTleba iyo.

rodesac amaSi davrwmundi, kidev gavcocxldi raRac dideb-rodesac amaSi davrwmundi, kidev gavcocxldi raRac dideb-

iT, TiTqos axali wvima damepkura, TiTqos gadamerecxa Cems iT, TiTqos axali wvima damepkura, TiTqos gadamerecxa Cems

Zvlebidan mTeli Zveli aziuri Jangi... madloba RmerTs da Zvlebidan mTeli Zveli aziuri Jangi... madloba RmerTs da

qeba mTavrobisgan miRebuls Cemi Zvirfasi samSoblosadmi~.qeba mTavrobisgan miRebuls Cemi Zvirfasi samSoblosadmi~.3030

ar arsebobs erovnuli mniSvnelobis arc erTi sfero kul-ar arsebobs erovnuli mniSvnelobis arc erTi sfero kul-

turisa da mecnierebisa, romlis ganviTarebaSi voroncovs turisa da mecnierebisa, romlis ganviTarebaSi voroncovs

Tavisi wvlili ar Seetanos. rodesac avadmyofobis gamo mix-Tavisi wvlili ar Seetanos. rodesac avadmyofobis gamo mix-

eil voroncovi, imperatorTan SeTanxmebiT, samSobloSi dab-eil voroncovi, imperatorTan SeTanxmebiT, samSobloSi dab-

runda (mas Semdeg saqarTveloSi aRarc dabrunebula), Tavis runda (mas Semdeg saqarTveloSi aRarc dabrunebula), Tavis

moadgiles da movaleobis Semsrulebels, general reads misca moadgiles da movaleobis Semsrulebels, general reads misca

miTiTeba, rom ar unda SeCerebuliyo is procesebi, romelic miTiTeba, rom ar unda SeCerebuliyo is procesebi, romelic

daiwyo mefisnacvalma da maT Soris CamoTvlilia: zrunva gana-daiwyo mefisnacvalma da maT Soris CamoTvlilia: zrunva gana-

Tlebaze, kulturaze, mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganviTarebaze.Tlebaze, kulturaze, mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganviTarebaze.

aleqsandre diuma Tavis cnobil romanSi `kavkasia~ ase aleqsandre diuma Tavis cnobil romanSi `kavkasia~ ase

axasiaTebs voroncovs: `jariskacebi, romlebic voroncovs axasiaTebs voroncovs: `jariskacebi, romlebic voroncovs

porto-frankos eZaxdnen misi liberaluri da progresuli porto-frankos eZaxdnen misi liberaluri da progresuli

ideebisaTvis, enTuziazmiT imsWvalebodnen misadmi, roca am ideebisaTvis, enTuziazmiT imsWvalebodnen misadmi, roca am

keTilSobil mxcovans mudam mSvids, Tanabars, alersians, keTilSobil mxcovans mudam mSvids, Tanabars, alersians,

yovelive gaWirvebis gadamtans, xifaTSi mudam auRelvebels yovelive gaWirvebis gadamtans, xifaTSi mudam auRelvebels

da mocinars xedavdnen~.da mocinars xedavdnen~.3131

aris kidev ramdenime faqti, romlis arTqma danaSauli iqne-aris kidev ramdenime faqti, romlis arTqma danaSauli iqne-

ba, kerZod, amierkavkasiis Semosavali 1845 wlisTvis (voron-ba, kerZod, amierkavkasiis Semosavali 1845 wlisTvis (voron-

covi axali Camosuli iyo) Seadgenda – 1 649 151 maneTs, 1849 covi axali Camosuli iyo) Seadgenda – 1 649 151 maneTs, 1849

wlisTvis – 2 000 000 maneTi, xolo 1851 wlis monacemebiT – wlisTvis – 2 000 000 maneTi, xolo 1851 wlis monacemebiT –

6 226 492 maneTi iyo. TavisTavad cxadia, aseTi ekonomikuri 6 226 492 maneTi iyo. TavisTavad cxadia, aseTi ekonomikuri

zrda daetyo mosaxleobis zrdasac. zrda daetyo mosaxleobis zrdasac. Tu 1835 wels Tbilisis mo-Tu 1835 wels Tbilisis mo-

saxleoba iyo 25 000, 1847 wlis aRweriT Seadgenda 43 862 suls.saxleoba iyo 25 000, 1847 wlis aRweriT Seadgenda 43 862 suls.

gardabnis municipalitetis oficialur gverdze vkiTxu-gardabnis municipalitetis oficialur gverdze vkiTxu-

lobT: `1835-1845 wlebSilobT: `1835-1845 wlebSi3232 ruseTis imperiis mefisnacvali ka- ruseTis imperiis mefisnacvali ka-

vkasiaSi iyo mixeil voroncovi, romelmac gardabnis mtkvris vkasiaSi iyo mixeil voroncovi, romelmac gardabnis mtkvris

Walebis sanadiro potenciali dadebiTad Seafasa da aq aaSena Walebis sanadiro potenciali dadebiTad Seafasa da aq aaSena

Tavisi sanadiro sasaxle~.Tavisi sanadiro sasaxle~.3333

30 gaz. tribuna, 1921, # 115.

31 a. diuma, kavkasia, Tb., 1964, gv. 366.

32 wlebi miTiTebulia SecdomiT.

33 amJamindeli arqivis da meriis Senobebi.

98 mamuka cuxiSviliakad. guram SaraZe samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom `miuxeda-akad. guram SaraZe samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom `miuxeda-

vad didi samxedro niWisa da gamocdilebisa, m. voroncovi vad didi samxedro niWisa da gamocdilebisa, m. voroncovi

mainc ar iyo kavkasiis asaTviseblad ruseTis mier samxedro mainc ar iyo kavkasiis asaTviseblad ruseTis mier samxedro

Zalis gamoyenebis momxre: kavkasiaSi voroncovma didi sax-Zalis gamoyenebis momxre: kavkasiaSi voroncovma didi sax-

eli ufro mSvidobiani samoqalaqo moRvaweobiT datova! man eli ufro mSvidobiani samoqalaqo moRvaweobiT datova! man

moaxerxa kavkasiis xalxebis, kerZod, qarTvelebis simpaTiis moaxerxa kavkasiis xalxebis, kerZod, qarTvelebis simpaTiis

mopoveba ruseTTan kulturuli SeerTebis propagandiT~.mopoveba ruseTTan kulturuli SeerTebis propagandiT~.3434

mixeil voroncovis pirovnebis Sesaxeb yvelaze meti naS-mixeil voroncovis pirovnebis Sesaxeb yvelaze meti naS-

romi akaki wereTelma dagvitova.romi akaki wereTelma dagvitova.

miuxedavad imisa, rom akaki ar iyo voroncovis arc Taname-miuxedavad imisa, rom akaki ar iyo voroncovis arc Taname-

drove da arc politikuri moRvawe, man yvelaze naTlad dainaxa drove da arc politikuri moRvawe, man yvelaze naTlad dainaxa

mefisnacvlis damsaxureba qarTveli xalxis winaSe. `Zmobisa mefisnacvlis damsaxureba qarTveli xalxis winaSe. `Zmobisa

da megobrobis damnergavi~, `qarTveli xalxis mamaSvilurad da megobrobis damnergavi~, `qarTveli xalxis mamaSvilurad

moyvaruli~, ̀ ciT movlenili ze-kaci~ da sxv. es epiTetebi aka-moyvaruli~, ̀ ciT movlenili ze-kaci~ da sxv. es epiTetebi aka-

kis SemoqmedebaSi mixeil voroncovis misamarTiTaa naTqvami.kis SemoqmedebaSi mixeil voroncovis misamarTiTaa naTqvami.

poemaSi ̀ voroncovi~ akaki wereTeli warmogvidgens Zmebis, poemaSi ̀ voroncovi~ akaki wereTeli warmogvidgens Zmebis,

vaxtang da aleqsandre orbelianebis, nikoloz baraTaSvilis vaxtang da aleqsandre orbelianebis, nikoloz baraTaSvilis

da dimitri yifianis saxeebs, romlebic bWoben saqarTvelos da dimitri yifianis saxeebs, romlebic bWoben saqarTvelos

momavalze. erTi epizodi dimitri yifianisa da nikoloz bara-momavalze. erTi epizodi dimitri yifianisa da nikoloz bara-

TaSvilis dialogs eTmoba:TaSvilis dialogs eTmoba:

(dimitri) (dimitri)

`Senc ki matyob, mgonia,`Senc ki matyob, mgonia,

rom var gaxarebuli?rom var gaxarebuli?

dRemdi Cveuls tanjvisas,dRemdi Cveuls tanjvisas,

sxva gvarad migrZnobs guli.sxva gvarad migrZnobs guli.

gavicani axali gavicani axali

me mTavarmarTebelime mTavarmarTebeli

misgan Cveni qveynisTvismisgan Cveni qveynisTvis

bevr keTils gamoveli~.bevr keTils gamoveli~.

poets ar aviwydeba voroncovis moRvaweobis adreuli wlebic:poets ar aviwydeba voroncovis moRvaweobis adreuli wlebic:

`es is voroncovia`es is voroncovia

odesas rom marTavda;odesas rom marTavda;

vis xelSiac zRvis pirivis xelSiac zRvis piri

gaxrekili ahyvavda. gaxrekili ahyvavda.

CvenSi adrec yofilaCvenSi adrec yofila

da uyvars saqarTvelo,da uyvars saqarTvelo,

34 saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublika, Tb., 1991, gv. 76.

99mixeil voroncovimaSin yvavilovani maSin yvavilovani

dRes ki damWknari mdelo!~dRes ki damWknari mdelo!~

didi imediT Sehyurebs dimitri yifiani ukve mxciT Semo-didi imediT Sehyurebs dimitri yifiani ukve mxciT Semo-

sili voroncovis saqarTveloSi Camosvlas.sili voroncovis saqarTveloSi Camosvlas.

`mjera, rom saqarTvelos,`mjera, rom saqarTvelos,

ase dasneulebulsase dasneulebuls

nela-nela gankurnavsnela-nela gankurnavs

da moubrunebs is guls~.da moubrunebs is guls~.

nikoloz baraTaSvili pasuxobs:nikoloz baraTaSvili pasuxobs:

`Tu marTla Seiyvara`Tu marTla Seiyvara

sabralo qarTveloba,sabralo qarTveloba,

da Tanc gamoiCinada Tanc gamoiCina

Cveulebriv qveloba.Cveulebriv qveloba.

metic ara unda ra...metic ara unda ra...

moigebs qarTvelis gulsmoigebs qarTvelis guls

da aq saSviliSviloTda aq saSviliSviloT

Cahnergavs wrfel siyvaruls~.Cahnergavs wrfel siyvaruls~.

diax, ar Semcdara akaki, roca am sityvebs werda, voron-diax, ar Semcdara akaki, roca am sityvebs werda, voron-

covma saqarTvelos axal istoriaSi Tavisi saTqmeli ise Tqva, covma saqarTvelos axal istoriaSi Tavisi saTqmeli ise Tqva,

rom misi waSla gamoricxulia.rom misi waSla gamoricxulia.

me-19 saukunis Sua xanebSi saqarTvelo, voroncovis me-19 saukunis Sua xanebSi saqarTvelo, voroncovis

TvaliT danaxuli, ase warmogvidgina: TvaliT danaxuli, ase warmogvidgina:

(voroncovi, marto dafiqrebuli dadis)(voroncovi, marto dafiqrebuli dadis)

`me rom minaxavs, is aRar aris!`me rom minaxavs, is aRar aris!

ram gamocvala ase qarTveli?ram gamocvala ase qarTveli?

sadRaa misi amayi saxe, sadRaa misi amayi saxe,

Seupovrobis gamomxatveli?Seupovrobis gamomxatveli?

Zal-datanebiT SeSinebulsa,Zal-datanebiT SeSinebulsa,

TiTqos, dasmia raRac beWedi,TiTqos, dasmia raRac beWedi,

gmiri qceula nacarqeqiadgmiri qceula nacarqeqiad

da mouxria monurad qedi~.da mouxria monurad qedi~.

ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebas namdvilad ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebas namdvilad

hqonda Tavisi Crdilovani mxareebi, rasac ar SeiZleboda Ta-hqonda Tavisi Crdilovani mxareebi, rasac ar SeiZleboda Ta-

visi daRi ar daeCnia qarTveli eris yofisaTvis, magram mefe visi daRi ar daeCnia qarTveli eris yofisaTvis, magram mefe

erekles brZnulma politikurma orientaciam mTavari Sedegi erekles brZnulma politikurma orientaciam mTavari Sedegi

moitana: qarTveli xalxis fizikuri da sulieri gadarCena, moitana: qarTveli xalxis fizikuri da sulieri gadarCena,

rac ZiriTadad sarwmunoebis erTianobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.rac ZiriTadad sarwmunoebis erTianobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.

100 mamuka cuxiSvilidimitri yifianisa da mixeil voroncovis dialogi mSvid dimitri yifianisa da mixeil voroncovis dialogi mSvid

viTarebaSi mimdinareobs, radgan urTierTpativiscemiTaa gam-viTarebaSi mimdinareobs, radgan urTierTpativiscemiTaa gam-

sWvaluli da miznad ara sakuTar azrTa upiratesobis damtkice-sWvaluli da miznad ara sakuTar azrTa upiratesobis damtkice-

bas, aramed WeSmaritebamde misvlasa da swori daskvnebis gamo-bas, aramed WeSmaritebamde misvlasa da swori daskvnebis gamo-

tanas isaxavs:tanas isaxavs:

(dimitri) (dimitri)

`vambobdiT: Zmurad gamogvaSuSebs,`vambobdiT: Zmurad gamogvaSuSebs,

rom aRgvadginos ufro Zlieradrom aRgvadginos ufro Zlierad

da masTan erTad Cvenc SevebrZoloTda masTan erTad Cvenc SevebrZoloT

saqristianos mters Ronierad.saqristianos mters Ronierad.

`Zala aRmarTs xnavs~ naTqvami aris,`Zala aRmarTs xnavs~ naTqvami aris,

ar agvisrulda is, rac gvegonaar agvisrulda is, rac gvegona

agvxadeT mZinars yoveliferiagvxadeT mZinars yoveliferi

da SeviqmeniT morCili mona~.da SeviqmeniT morCili mona~.

(voroncovi)(voroncovi)

`scdebi! ruseTma Tqvens dasapyrobad`scdebi! ruseTma Tqvens dasapyrobad

rodis ixmara maxviliT Zala?rodis ixmara maxviliT Zala?

Tqven TxoulobdiT, xom, daxmarebas?Tqven TxoulobdiT, xom, daxmarebas?

da Tqveni Txovna man Seiwyala!~.da Tqveni Txovna man Seiwyala!~.

voroncovis pasuxSi ara dayvedrebis suliskveTeba, aramed voroncovis pasuxSi ara dayvedrebis suliskveTeba, aramed

moyvasisadmi qristianis gulwrfeli siyvaruli Cans:moyvasisadmi qristianis gulwrfeli siyvaruli Cans:

`aba, mec getyvi, rogorc mama Svils,`aba, mec getyvi, rogorc mama Svils,

gagiziareb yvela Cems zraxvebs,gagiziareb yvela Cems zraxvebs,

Tu qarTvelebi momeSvelebiTTu qarTvelebi momeSvelebiT

da Senc gadascem am Cem survils sxvebs:da Senc gadascem am Cem survils sxvebs:

minda, qarTveli darCes qarTveladminda, qarTveli darCes qarTvelad

ise, rogoric yofila Zvelad,ise, rogoric yofila Zvelad,

misi warsuli momavlisaTvismisi warsuli momavlisaTvis

vixmaro mxolod me safuZvelad.vixmaro mxolod me safuZvelad.

arc rjuls Sevexo, arc erovnebas,arc rjuls Sevexo, arc erovnebas,

arc miss siwmindes, mis deda-enas,arc miss siwmindes, mis deda-enas,

rom ar uSlides momavlisaTvisrom ar uSlides momavlisaTvis

sworsa msvlelobas da aRma-frenas!~sworsa msvlelobas da aRma-frenas!~

rac mTavaria, es ar yofila carieli sityvebi, voroncov-rac mTavaria, es ar yofila carieli sityvebi, voroncov-

ma siyvaruli imperiisaTvis TavSefarebuli mcirericxovani ma siyvaruli imperiisaTvis TavSefarebuli mcirericxovani

erisa, romelic rwmenisa da mamulis dacvisaTvis yoveldRi-erisa, romelic rwmenisa da mamulis dacvisaTvis yoveldRi-

urma Tavganwirulma brZolam sruli mospobis safrTxis wi-urma Tavganwirulma brZolam sruli mospobis safrTxis wi-

101mixeil voroncovinaSe daayena, Tavisi moRvaweobiT daadastura. naSe daayena, Tavisi moRvaweobiT daadastura.

dimitri yifiani gulwrfelad locavs:dimitri yifiani gulwrfelad locavs:

`kurTxeul iyos Tqveni ganzraxva`kurTxeul iyos Tqveni ganzraxva

da mobrZaneba mTavar-marTeblad!da mobrZaneba mTavar-marTeblad!

TqvenTvis Tavs dadebs mTlad saqarTveloTqvenTvis Tavs dadebs mTlad saqarTvelo

da gauxdebiT sadidebelad!~da gauxdebiT sadidebelad!~

marTalia, es poema maRalmxatvrulobiT ar gamoirCeva marTalia, es poema maRalmxatvrulobiT ar gamoirCeva

da am mxriv didad CamorCeba akakis sxva saxelganTqmul po-da am mxriv didad CamorCeba akakis sxva saxelganTqmul po-

emebs, magram igi yuradsaRebia da didad sagulisxmo im obi-emebs, magram igi yuradsaRebia da didad sagulisxmo im obi-

eqturobis gamo, romelsac akaki saqarTvelos istoriaSi eqturobis gamo, romelsac akaki saqarTvelos istoriaSi

umniSvnelovanesi movlenis analizisas iCens. akaki wereTeli umniSvnelovanesi movlenis analizisas iCens. akaki wereTeli

mixeil voroncovisadmi gulwrfeli pativiscemiT gamsWval-mixeil voroncovisadmi gulwrfeli pativiscemiT gamsWval-

uli naxevari saukunis Semdeg ase mimarTavs mis qandakebas, uli naxevari saukunis Semdeg ase mimarTavs mis qandakebas,

romelic TbilisSi misive saxelobis moedanze idga:romelic TbilisSi misive saxelobis moedanze idga:

`eg Seni saxe, sxivmomfinare, `eg Seni saxe, sxivmomfinare,

xidis wina sdgas gabrwyinvebulixidis wina sdgas gabrwyinvebuli

da gadahyurebs mtkvars qud-moxdilida gadahyurebs mtkvars qud-moxdili

mowyenili da dafiqrebuli.mowyenili da dafiqrebuli.

Sen xom ara xar ciskris sxivebzeSen xom ara xar ciskris sxivebze

Camonayoli, ciT Camosuli, Camonayoli, ciT Camosuli,

marad saxsovar-dauviwyarimarad saxsovar-dauviwyari

did-voroncovis ukvdavi suli?did-voroncovis ukvdavi suli?

Tavs miqnev? is xar? maS neba momec,Tavs miqnev? is xar? maS neba momec,

davemxo mis win da vsce Tayvanidavemxo mis win da vsce Tayvani

imas, romelsac SeTvisebiaimas, romelsac SeTvisebia

Cemi gulis Tqma, Cemi zraxvani~. Cemi gulis Tqma, Cemi zraxvani~.

gamoRviZebuli da kmayofili akaki Tavis poemas asrulebs gamoRviZebuli da kmayofili akaki Tavis poemas asrulebs

imedianad da didi rwmeniT:imedianad da didi rwmeniT:

`es ra mezmana? cxadiviT vnaxe,`es ra mezmana? cxadiviT vnaxe,

rom voroncovi gamomecxadarom voroncovi gamomecxada

da dRevandeli Savi pir-bade,da dRevandeli Savi pir-bade,

viT mociqulma maRliT amxada.viT mociqulma maRliT amxada.

Tan `sami sityva~ gadmomca mcnebadTan `sami sityva~ gadmomca mcnebad

da amiRelva mZinares guli!da amiRelva mZinares guli!

Cvens qveynebs Soris unda damyardesCvens qveynebs Soris unda damyardes

`Zmoba~, `erToba~ da `siyvaruli~.`Zmoba~, `erToba~ da `siyvaruli~.

1900 wels akakim kidev erTi SesaniSnavi leqsi uZRvna vo-1900 wels akakim kidev erTi SesaniSnavi leqsi uZRvna vo-

102 mamuka cuxiSvilironcovs. es leqsi man waikiTxa mixeil voroncovis ZeglTan: roncovs. es leqsi man waikiTxa mixeil voroncovis ZeglTan:

`goneba naTels, grZnoba brwyinvales,`goneba naTels, grZnoba brwyinvales,

unda SevsCivlo moxuc voroncovs,unda SevsCivlo moxuc voroncovs,

rom rogorc mis dros Cems samSobloSi,rom rogorc mis dros Cems samSobloSi,

`mgeli da kravi erTad vera sZovs~.`mgeli da kravi erTad vera sZovs~.

rac mis dros iyo waRma daxnuli,rac mis dros iyo waRma daxnuli,

dRes ugnureba ukuRma hfarcxavs,dRes ugnureba ukuRma hfarcxavs,

da Suamdgomlad aw saqarTvelos,da Suamdgomlad aw saqarTvelos,

rogorc mosarCle, aRaravin hyavs...rogorc mosarCle, aRaravin hyavs...

kurTxeul iyos saqarTveloSikurTxeul iyos saqarTveloSi

Seni saxeli, Seni xseneba!Seni saxeli, Seni xseneba!

da maT vinc Sens gzas gadauxvia,da maT vinc Sens gzas gadauxvia,

risxva qristesi da SeCveneba~. risxva qristesi da SeCveneba~. 3535

Cemi azriT, akakis am leqss aqtualuroba dResac ar dau-Cemi azriT, akakis am leqss aqtualuroba dResac ar dau-

kargavs. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom arc poema da arc es leqsi kargavs. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom arc poema da arc es leqsi

1940-iani wlebis Semdeg aRar SeutaniaT akakis tomebSi.1940-iani wlebis Semdeg aRar SeutaniaT akakis tomebSi.

aqve movitanT vrcel citatas cnobili rusi mogzaurisa da aqve movitanT vrcel citatas cnobili rusi mogzaurisa da

mecnieris, korneli borozdinis (1828-1896 ww.) wignidan ̀ same-mecnieris, korneli borozdinis (1828-1896 ww.) wignidan ̀ same-

grelo da svaneTi 1854-1861~: `voroncovis programa sada da grelo da svaneTi 1854-1861~: `voroncovis programa sada da

martivi iyo, igi udides strategiul muSaobas awarmoebda, es martivi iyo, igi udides strategiul muSaobas awarmoebda, es

muSaoba udidesi iyo rogorc ganzraxviT, ise Tavisi wvril-muSaoba udidesi iyo rogorc ganzraxviT, ise Tavisi wvril-

manebiTac. amave dros, awarmoebda saorganizacio muSaobas ka-manebiTac. amave dros, awarmoebda saorganizacio muSaobas ka-

vkasiis yvela nawilebis marTva-gamgeobis saqmeSi; Tanac, vo-vkasiis yvela nawilebis marTva-gamgeobis saqmeSi; Tanac, vo-

roncovi ar iviwyebs mesamenair, metad mniSvnelovan muSaobas roncovi ar iviwyebs mesamenair, metad mniSvnelovan muSaobas

_ piradi gavlena hqonda adgilobriv mkvidrTa cxovrebis _ piradi gavlena hqonda adgilobriv mkvidrTa cxovrebis

Sinaur mxareze da aqac misi niWi savsebiT iyo xolme gaSli-Sinaur mxareze da aqac misi niWi savsebiT iyo xolme gaSli-

li. am mxareSi warmoebis dargi ar iyo iseTi, romlisaTvis li. am mxareSi warmoebis dargi ar iyo iseTi, romlisaTvis

voroncovs Tavisi gamWriaxi TvaliT ar Seexedna da sadac voroncovs Tavisi gamWriaxi TvaliT ar Seexedna da sadac

Tavisi piradi monawileobiT ar aemoZravebina, ar waexalise-Tavisi piradi monawileobiT ar aemoZravebina, ar waexalise-

bina adgilobrivi mkvidrni. misi xasiaTis aseTi Tvisebebis bina adgilobrivi mkvidrni. misi xasiaTis aseTi Tvisebebis

wyalobiT didZali nacnoboba gaiCina mkvidrTa Soris, mere wyalobiT didZali nacnoboba gaiCina mkvidrTa Soris, mere

pirdapir gasaocari iyo, rogor imaxsovrebda yvelas saxesa pirdapir gasaocari iyo, rogor imaxsovrebda yvelas saxesa

da saxels, da es xom metad xels uwyobda mis nayofier moR-da saxels, da es xom metad xels uwyobda mis nayofier moR-

vaweobas. roca mxaris mosanaxuleblad midioda, yvelgan ise vaweobas. roca mxaris mosanaxuleblad midioda, yvelgan ise

hgrZnobda Tavs, TiTqos Sinauriao: yovel nabijze xvdeboda hgrZnobda Tavs, TiTqos Sinauriao: yovel nabijze xvdeboda

kerZo, piradi urTierToba adgilobriv mkvidrebTan. erT-er-kerZo, piradi urTierToba adgilobriv mkvidrebTan. erT-er-

35 akaki wereTeli, xuTtomeuli, t. IV, Tb., 1935, gv 341.

103mixeil voroncoviTisaTvis raRac Tesli mieca. isic iswrafvoda misTvis eTqva TisaTvis raRac Tesli mieca. isic iswrafvoda misTvis eTqva

_ mSvenivrad ixarao. meoresTvis namyeni mieca xilisa da kar-_ mSvenivrad ixarao. meoresTvis namyeni mieca xilisa da kar-

gi xili rom daukrefia, masTan saCveneblad mihqonda~... `mx-gi xili rom daukrefia, masTan saCveneblad mihqonda~... `mx-

aris davlis dros masTan midiodnen omSi moklulTa oblebi, aris davlis dros masTan midiodnen omSi moklulTa oblebi,

qvrivebi da yvelani, visac ki marTlac uWirdaT. ganukiTxavni qvrivebi da yvelani, visac ki marTlac uWirdaT. ganukiTxavni

ara rCebodnen, xelcariels aravis gauSvebda. romelsame mis ara rCebodnen, xelcariels aravis gauSvebda. romelsame mis

pirad adiutants yovelTvis Tan hqonda parkiT Cervoncebi, pirad adiutants yovelTvis Tan hqonda parkiT Cervoncebi,

romelic voroncovis brZanebiT dauyovneliv urigdebodaT romelic voroncovis brZanebiT dauyovneliv urigdebodaT

xolme, rogorc Sesawiravi gaWirvebulT~... `TviT tfilisSi xolme, rogorc Sesawiravi gaWirvebulT~... `TviT tfilisSi

voroncovi pirdapir suli da guli iyo am qalaqisa. yovel-voroncovi pirdapir suli da guli iyo am qalaqisa. yovel-

dRe diliT saseirnod gamodioda, ukan modioda yazax-rusi, dRe diliT saseirnod gamodioda, ukan modioda yazax-rusi,

romelsac misi qolga da kaloSebi mohqonda. da am seirno-romelsac misi qolga da kaloSebi mohqonda. da am seirno-

bis drosac ki rasme sasargeblos akeTebda... aq xuro mixako bis drosac ki rasme sasargeblos akeTebda... aq xuro mixako

auxsnida, ra gaakeTes guSin dilidan, iq ivanika kalatozi auxsnida, ra gaakeTes guSin dilidan, iq ivanika kalatozi

uCvenebda, Tu ramdenze amoiyvana aguriT kedeli sparseli uCvenebda, Tu ramdenze amoiyvana aguriT kedeli sparseli

muSebis daxmarebiT...muSebis daxmarebiT...

aseTis gulisamaCvilebelis sisadavisa iyo voroncovi, ma-aseTis gulisamaCvilebelis sisadavisa iyo voroncovi, ma-

gram azradac ki aravis mouvidoda, mas Sesaferisi pativiT ar gram azradac ki aravis mouvidoda, mas Sesaferisi pativiT ar

mopyrobodnen~.mopyrobodnen~.3636

aqve vityviT, rom Turme TbilisSi voroncovis ori Zegli aqve vityviT, rom Turme TbilisSi voroncovis ori Zegli

mdgara. gTavazobT erT patara amonarids sagazeTo werili-mdgara. gTavazobT erT patara amonarids sagazeTo werili-

dan: `voroncovis erTi Zegli sruliad SemTxveviT, 1957 wlis dan: `voroncovis erTi Zegli sruliad SemTxveviT, 1957 wlis

zamTarSi, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis sardafSi muS-zamTarSi, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis sardafSi muS-

aobis dros naxa mececxlurma miSa TaboriZem. es brinjaos aobis dros naxa mececxlurma miSa TaboriZem. es brinjaos

Zegli mixeil voroncovisa rom iyo, maSinve daadastures qa-Zegli mixeil voroncovisa rom iyo, maSinve daadastures qa-

lbatonma qristine SaraSiZem da mxatvarma giorgi erisTavma. lbatonma qristine SaraSiZem da mxatvarma giorgi erisTavma.

amis Semdeg ra bedi ewia mixeil voroncovis Zegls, ar viciT. amis Semdeg ra bedi ewia mixeil voroncovis Zegls, ar viciT.

mixeil voroncovis ufro mcire zomis Zegli, italiuri mixeil voroncovis ufro mcire zomis Zegli, italiuri

keraris marmarilosgan aris gamoqandakebuli. is amJamad keraris marmarilosgan aris gamoqandakebuli. is amJamad

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumSia daculi. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumSia daculi.

profesori guram CxaiZe ganmartavs: `mixeil voroncovis profesori guram CxaiZe ganmartavs: `mixeil voroncovis

marmarilos qandakeba, romelic axla Cvens muzeumSi inaxe-marmarilos qandakeba, romelic axla Cvens muzeumSi inaxe-

ba, Tavis droze viRac Tbilisel somex sovdagars daumza-ba, Tavis droze viRac Tbilisel somex sovdagars daumza-

debinebia. mefisnacvlis didi pativiscemis niSnad es Zegli debinebia. mefisnacvlis didi pativiscemis niSnad es Zegli

Tavidanve mefisnacvlis sasaxlis baRSi daudgamT. saqarT-Tavidanve mefisnacvlis sasaxlis baRSi daudgamT. saqarT-

36 k. borozdini, samegrelo da svaneTi 1854-1861, mogonebani, Targmna Tedo saxokiam,

Tb., 1935, gv. 199-200.

104 mamuka cuxiSviliveloSi sabWoTa reJimis damyarebis Semdeg mixeil voronco-veloSi sabWoTa reJimis damyarebis Semdeg mixeil voronco-

vis Zeglebi adgilidan aiRes, magram, rogorc Cans, pirovneba, vis Zeglebi adgilidan aiRes, magram, rogorc Cans, pirovneba,

visac Zeglebis aReba daavales, ganaTlebuli da kulturuli visac Zeglebis aReba daavales, ganaTlebuli da kulturuli

pirovneba yofila da voroncovic scodnia, Tu ara ise es Ze-pirovneba yofila da voroncovic scodnia, Tu ara ise es Ze-

glebi Cvenamde ver moaRwevda~.glebi Cvenamde ver moaRwevda~.3737

mixeil voroncovis Semdeg kavkasiis mefisnacvali iyo mixeil voroncovis Semdeg kavkasiis mefisnacvali iyo

aleqsandre bariatinski (1815-1875, mefisnacvlad 1856-1862 aleqsandre bariatinski (1815-1875, mefisnacvlad 1856-1862

wlebSi), romelsac mimarTes qarTvelma Tavad-aznaurebma da wlebSi), romelsac mimarTes qarTvelma Tavad-aznaurebma da

moiTxoves TbilisSi voroncovis Zeglis dadgma. Segrovda moiTxoves TbilisSi voroncovis Zeglis dadgma. Segrovda

xelmowerebi, Segrovda Tanxa 36104 rubli da Zeglis damza-xelmowerebi, Segrovda Tanxa 36104 rubli da Zeglis damza-

deba daukveTes samxatvro akademiis profesors pimenovas, deba daukveTes samxatvro akademiis profesors pimenovas,

romelic ise gardaicvala, rom ver daasrula samuSaoebi. Ze-romelic ise gardaicvala, rom ver daasrula samuSaoebi. Ze-

gli daasrula mxatvarma kreiganma.gli daasrula mxatvarma kreiganma.

Zegli Camoisxa peterburgSi, Camoitanes TbilisSi da 1866 Zegli Camoisxa peterburgSi, Camoitanes TbilisSi da 1866

wlis 25 marts daidga algeTis qvis kvarcxlbekze. kurTxeva-wlis 25 marts daidga algeTis qvis kvarcxlbekze. kurTxeva-

sa da gaxsnas eswreboda kavkasiis mefisnacvali, didi mTavari sa da gaxsnas eswreboda kavkasiis mefisnacvali, didi mTavari

mixeil nikolozis Ze romanovi.mixeil nikolozis Ze romanovi.

kidev bevris Tqma SegviZlia mixeil voroncovis Rvawlis, kidev bevris Tqma SegviZlia mixeil voroncovis Rvawlis,

Sromis, gambedaobis da gmirobis Sesaxeb, magram Cvens statiaSi Sromis, gambedaobis da gmirobis Sesaxeb, magram Cvens statiaSi

aucileblad unda SevitanoT ruseTis imperatoris nikoloz I aucileblad unda SevitanoT ruseTis imperatoris nikoloz I

miwerili deklaraciis Sesavali, romelic mTeli saqarTvelos miwerili deklaraciis Sesavali, romelic mTeli saqarTvelos

saxeliT Seadgina dimitri yifianma (wmida dimitri samSob-saxeliT Seadgina dimitri yifianma (wmida dimitri samSob-

losaTvis Tavdadebulma) da romelic savsebiT amomwurav pa-losaTvis Tavdadebulma) da romelic savsebiT amomwurav pa-

suxs gascems yvela dainteresebul Tu politikurad aJitire-suxs gascems yvela dainteresebul Tu politikurad aJitire-

bul mkiTxvels, ratom SevaCereT Cveni yuradReba mixeil vo-bul mkiTxvels, ratom SevaCereT Cveni yuradReba mixeil vo-

roncovis pirovnebaze, ratom gagvaxsenda saqarTvelosa da roncovis pirovnebaze, ratom gagvaxsenda saqarTvelosa da

Tbilisis aRmSenebeli da ra roli miuZRvis mas qarTveli da Tbilisis aRmSenebeli da ra roli miuZRvis mas qarTveli da

rusi erebis megobrobis saqmeSi.rusi erebis megobrobis saqmeSi.

`Cven, qarTvelebi, Zveli qristianuli xalxis mcire na-`Cven, qarTvelebi, Zveli qristianuli xalxis mcire na-

wiliwili3838, garSemortymuli Cvens winaaRmdeg mebrZoli xalxe-, garSemortymuli Cvens winaaRmdeg mebrZoli xalxe-

biT, didxans, mraval saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi, vibrZodiT biT, didxans, mraval saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi, vibrZodiT

maTTan Cven sazRvrebze da mxolod.... am saukunis dasawyisSi maTTan Cven sazRvrebze da mxolod.... am saukunis dasawyisSi

movisveneT ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS. Tu Cven mZime da xan-movisveneT ruseTis mfarvelobis qveS. Tu Cven mZime da xan-

grZlivi gansacdeli avitaneT da SevinarCuneT simtkice sar-grZlivi gansacdeli avitaneT da SevinarCuneT simtkice sar-

wmuneobisa, romelic gvianderZes winaprebma saqarTvelos wmuneobisa, romelic gvianderZes winaprebma saqarTvelos

37 d. cincaZe, TbilisSi mixeil voroncovis ori Zegli idga, gaz. saqarTvelos re-

spublika, Tb., 2006 wlis 23 ivnisi, gv. 11.

38 gulisxmobs qristian erebs.

105mixeil voroncovisamefos ukeTes xanis droidanve; Tu Cven ar vuRalateT mar-samefos ukeTes xanis droidanve; Tu Cven ar vuRalateT mar-

Tlmadideblobas, Tu SevinarCuneT Cveni keTilSobileba da Tlmadideblobas, Tu SevinarCuneT Cveni keTilSobileba da

kargi saxeli, yvelam viciT, rom amiT movaleni varT ruse-kargi saxeli, yvelam viciT, rom amiT movaleni varT ruse-

Tis TviTmpyrobelobisa da erTmTavrobisa. rasakvirvelia, Tis TviTmpyrobelobisa da erTmTavrobisa. rasakvirvelia,

TviTmpyrobeloba erTaderTi dasawyisia, saidanac yovelTvis TviTmpyrobeloba erTaderTi dasawyisia, saidanac yovelTvis

warmodgeboda Cveni saerToca da kerZo keTildReoba. axla warmodgeboda Cveni saerToca da kerZo keTildReoba. axla

Cven SigniT savsebiT mSvidobianad vgrZnobT Tavs, Cven Sin-Cven SigniT savsebiT mSvidobianad vgrZnobT Tavs, Cven Sin-

aur saqmeebs damSvidebiT vasrulebT, vebrZviT mtrebs ara aur saqmeebs damSvidebiT vasrulebT, vebrZviT mtrebs ara

Cvens saxlSi, aramed maT saxlSi. Cvens Svilebs vzrdiT ise, Cvens saxlSi, aramed maT saxlSi. Cvens Svilebs vzrdiT ise,

rom arafris gveSinia da SevxariT maT momavals; Cveni marTl-rom arafris gveSinia da SevxariT maT momavals; Cveni marTl-

madidebloba, Cveni sazogado cxovreba araviTar safrTxes ar madidebloba, Cveni sazogado cxovreba araviTar safrTxes ar

ganicdis. vin migviyvana Cven am mdgomareobamde? TviTmpyrob-ganicdis. vin migviyvana Cven am mdgomareobamde? TviTmpyrob-

elobam da erTmTavrobam elobam da erTmTavrobam saqristiano msoflios erTaderTma saqristiano msoflios erTaderTma

marTlmadidebelma da didma monarqiam....marTlmadidebelma da didma monarqiam.... Cveni sikeTe xelm- Cveni sikeTe xelm-

wifis gulSia.... gvinda moxsendes xelmwife imperators, Tu wifis gulSia.... gvinda moxsendes xelmwife imperators, Tu

ra grZnobebs ganvicdiT im Sina myudroebis gamo, romliTac ra grZnobebs ganvicdiT im Sina myudroebis gamo, romliTac

vstkbebiT mis zeciT nakurTx TviTmpyrobelovan monarqiul vstkbebiT mis zeciT nakurTx TviTmpyrobelovan monarqiul

xelisuflebis qveS. gvinda, rom moxsendes mis imperatoro-xelisuflebis qveS. gvinda, rom moxsendes mis imperatoro-

biT udidebulesobas, Cveni saerTo erTsulovani survili, biT udidebulesobas, Cveni saerTo erTsulovani survili,

rom aRniSnul grZnobaTa mixedviT mogveTxovos samsaxuri rom aRniSnul grZnobaTa mixedviT mogveTxovos samsaxuri

ucxoeTSic, Tundac saxelmwifo sazRvrebs gareT, rogorc ucxoeTSic, Tundac saxelmwifo sazRvrebs gareT, rogorc

iyo, Cveni mefeebi mogv Txovdnen Cven samsaxurSi qudze kacs iyo, Cveni mefeebi mogv Txovdnen Cven samsaxurSi qudze kacs

saerTo safrTxis dros, Tu ki uwesrigobani, romelic amJa-saerTo safrTxis dros, Tu ki uwesrigobani, romelic amJa-

mad evropas aRelvebs, daemuqrebian keTildReobas saxelmwi-mad evropas aRelvebs, daemuqrebian keTildReobas saxelmwi-

fosas, romlis sazRvrebSi yofnis pativi aqvs saqarTvelos, fosas, romlis sazRvrebSi yofnis pativi aqvs saqarTvelos,

Tanaxmad Cveni RvTiT nakurTxi mefeebis gadawyvetilebisa~.Tanaxmad Cveni RvTiT nakurTxi mefeebis gadawyvetilebisa~.3939

dabolos, minda mivmarTo im adamianebs, visac xelewife-dabolos, minda mivmarTo im adamianebs, visac xelewife-

ba am sakiTxis gadawyveta, rom qarTveli eris madlierebis ba am sakiTxis gadawyveta, rom qarTveli eris madlierebis

gamoxatuleba iqneba, Tu TbilisSi gamorCeul adgilze gamoxatuleba iqneba, Tu TbilisSi gamorCeul adgilze

daidgmeba saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis sacavSi Senaxuli daidgmeba saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis sacavSi Senaxuli

mixeil voroncovis Zegli, niSnad am didebuli adamianis pa-mixeil voroncovis Zegli, niSnad am didebuli adamianis pa-

tiviscemisa.tiviscemisa.

39 Акти, X, dokumenti # 29.