MLA MLA DOCUMENTATIONDOCUMENTATION

and parenthetical citationand parenthetical citation

What is MLA?What is MLA?

Modern Language AssociationModern Language Association System of standardizing System of standardizing

documentationdocumentation One of many ways to document One of many ways to document

(others include APA, Chicago Manual, (others include APA, Chicago Manual, etc.)etc.)

Why Use It?Why Use It?

To validate facts / lend credibility to To validate facts / lend credibility to your argument (via other’s research)your argument (via other’s research)

To avoid plagiarism (credit sources)To avoid plagiarism (credit sources) To provide consistency of formatTo provide consistency of format To allow readers to locate sources for To allow readers to locate sources for

further reading/informationfurther reading/information

Works CitedWorks Cited

Alphabetical listing of sources cited Alphabetical listing of sources cited

MLA format resources– Easy Bib, MLA format resources– Easy Bib, OWL Purdue, or MLA HandbookOWL Purdue, or MLA Handbook

Direct link to parenthetical citations Direct link to parenthetical citations in paper’s textin paper’s text

Nonprint Media – Significant Nonprint Media – Significant Changes in April 2009Changes in April 2009

No longer required to cite URL’sNo longer required to cite URL’s

REASONS:REASONS:– Long/type/transcription errorsLong/type/transcription errors– Password protected, so uselessPassword protected, so useless– Change frequently/session useChange frequently/session use

When to include a URLWhen to include a URL

If the professor requires itIf the professor requires it

the reader cannot locate the source the reader cannot locate the source without itwithout it

How to include a URLHow to include a URL

Break it only at / or // marksBreak it only at / or // marks Put it inside <> bracketsPut it inside <> brackets Place it after the date of accessPlace it after the date of access Give complete address including Give complete address including httphttp Place a . after the final >Place a . after the final >

What needs citing?What needs citing?

Direct Quotes (long quotes, phrases, Direct Quotes (long quotes, phrases, terms, two or more words in a row terms, two or more words in a row that are not your own.)that are not your own.)

Facts, data, statistics, images, etc.Facts, data, statistics, images, etc.

Paraphrased information and ideas, Paraphrased information and ideas, concepts, theories, etc. concepts, theories, etc.

Parenthetical DocumentationParenthetical Documentation

Author’s Last Name and PaginationAuthor’s Last Name and Pagination………” ………” (author’s last name page #).(author’s last name page #).………” ………” (Smith 17).(Smith 17).

If no author, use the first part of the works cited If no author, use the first part of the works cited entry (which is usually the title)entry (which is usually the title)

………….” (“Why students ...” 96)..” (“Why students ...” 96).

If no page number, just use authorIf no page number, just use author……” ……” (Jones ).(Jones ).

THE GOAL OF PARENTHETICAL CITATION IS TOTHE GOAL OF PARENTHETICAL CITATION IS TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE SOURCE AND DIRECT THE ACKNOWLEDGE THE SOURCE AND DIRECT THE READER TO THE CORRECT WORKS CITED ENTRYREADER TO THE CORRECT WORKS CITED ENTRY

What sentences should be cited in What sentences should be cited in the paragraph below?the paragraph below?

Inequality in pay violates UDHR Article 23 which reads, “Everyone, without Inequality in pay violates UDHR Article 23 which reads, “Everyone, without discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.” While the discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.” While the government enforces this article, many independent corporations and government enforces this article, many independent corporations and businesses do not always respect this commandment. Equal payment for businesses do not always respect this commandment. Equal payment for men and women has been a law since 1963. However, even today, it is men and women has been a law since 1963. However, even today, it is still not practices in all US work places. This injustice occurs when women still not practices in all US work places. This injustice occurs when women are doing the exact same jobs and have the same education as their male are doing the exact same jobs and have the same education as their male counterparts. The WAGE project estimates that the average wage gap, counterparts. The WAGE project estimates that the average wage gap, “costs women workers between $700,000 and $2 million annually.” “costs women workers between $700,000 and $2 million annually.” ……….. Women in the US have a difficult time defending their right to equal ……….. Women in the US have a difficult time defending their right to equal pay because of a May 2007 Supreme Court Ruling that stipulates women pay because of a May 2007 Supreme Court Ruling that stipulates women must file a suit within 180 days after the discrimination occurs. must file a suit within 180 days after the discrimination occurs. Unfortunately, by the time women may suspect such discrimination, it may Unfortunately, by the time women may suspect such discrimination, it may be too late to file.be too late to file.

Works That Should be Cited Works That Should be Cited ““It’s Time for working Women to Earn Equal Pay.” AFL-CIO. 2010. It’s Time for working Women to Earn Equal Pay.” AFL-CIO. 2010. American American

Federation of Labor. Web. 3 Feb. 2010. Federation of Labor. Web. 3 Feb. 2010. http://http://www.aflcio.org/issues/jobseconomy/women/equalpaywww.aflcio.org/issues/jobseconomy/women/equalpay//

““The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” United Nations. 2010. Web. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” United Nations. 2010. Web. 5. 5. Feb. 2010. <http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr>.Feb. 2010. <http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr>.

Proper MLA Parenthetical CitationsProper MLA Parenthetical Citations Inequality in pay violates UDHR Article 23 which reads, “Everyone, without Inequality in pay violates UDHR Article 23 which reads, “Everyone, without

discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work” discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work” (“The (“The Universal…” ).Universal…” ). While the US government enforces this article, many While the US government enforces this article, many independent corporations and businesses do not always respect this independent corporations and businesses do not always respect this commandment. Equal payment for men and women has been a law since commandment. Equal payment for men and women has been a law since 1963 1963 (“It’s Time…”).(“It’s Time…”). However, even today, it is still not practiced in all US However, even today, it is still not practiced in all US work places. This injustice occurs when women are doing the exact same work places. This injustice occurs when women are doing the exact same jobs and have the same education as their male counterparts. The WAGE jobs and have the same education as their male counterparts. The WAGE project estimates that the average wage gap, “costs women workers project estimates that the average wage gap, “costs women workers between $700,000 and $2 million annually” between $700,000 and $2 million annually” (“It’s Time…”).(“It’s Time…”). ……….. ……….. Women in the US have a difficult time defending their right to equal pay Women in the US have a difficult time defending their right to equal pay because of a May 2007 Supreme Court Ruling that stipulates women must because of a May 2007 Supreme Court Ruling that stipulates women must file a suit within 180 days after the discrimination occurs file a suit within 180 days after the discrimination occurs (“It’s Time…”).(“It’s Time…”). Unfortunately, by the time women may suspect such discrimination, it may Unfortunately, by the time women may suspect such discrimination, it may be too late to file.be too late to file.

Works Cited Works Cited ““It’s Time for working Women to Earn Equal Pay.” AFL-CIO. 2010. It’s Time for working Women to Earn Equal Pay.” AFL-CIO. 2010. American Federation of Labor. Web. 3 Feb. 2010. American Federation of Labor. Web. 3 Feb. 2010.

<<http://http://www.aflcio.orgwww.aflcio.org/issues/ /issues/ jobseconomy/women/equalpayjobseconomy/women/equalpay//>.>.

““The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” United Nations. 2010. Web. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” United Nations. 2010. Web. 5. Feb. 2010. <http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr>.5. Feb. 2010. <http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr>.

Electronic MediaElectronic Media(the reason for the 7(the reason for the 7thth ed. of the ed. of the

MLA Handbook)MLA Handbook) Handout with most common types Handout with most common types

(websites, databases, blogs, wikis)(websites, databases, blogs, wikis)Note order on the back of page oneNote order on the back of page one

Do NYT web article example togetherDo NYT web article example together

Use handout to self-correct entries on Use handout to self-correct entries on update #2 prior to submission or the first update #2 prior to submission or the first homework on the UDHR articles that has homework on the UDHR articles that has been returned to most of youbeen returned to most of you

We look forward to your We look forward to your correctly formatted MLA correctly formatted MLA documentation on SMP documentation on SMP updates, your SMP updates, your SMP papers, homework, and papers, homework, and unit responses for the unit responses for the rest of the semester!!!rest of the semester!!!