m&l webinar talking heads: exploring the relationship between culture and media in education
TRANSCRIPT
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Barend van Heusden11 January 2016
Culture, media, and educationAn introduction
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Contents
1. A theory of culture and media
2. Theoretical culture
3. Discussion
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› What characterizes human culture?
1. The difference between memory and here-and-now
2. The relating of memory here-and-now to memory
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memory ‘here-and-now’is related to
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Also appliesto cars in
other colours
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perception imagination
conceptualizationanalysis
sensory (accommodation)
motor (assimilation)
concrete memories: episodic
abstract memories: semantic
The four dimensions of culture
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Culture and media
body artefacts
languagegraphic
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gezichthuman face
nägu
7‘Forms of culture’-quiz
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› What characterizes human culture?
1. The difference between memory and here-and-now
2. The relating of memory here-and-now to memory
3. Metacognition, or culture about culture
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memory ‘here-and-now’
metacognition
is related to
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Self-perception: the news
Self-imagination: the arts, entertainment
Self-conceptualization: religion, ideology,
interpretation
Self-analysis: cognitive science
sensory (accommodation)
motor (assimilation)
Concrete memory: episodic
Abstract memory: semantic
Basic forms (expressions) of cultural selfconsciousness
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Theoretical Culture
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Evolution of culture
› Human species emerges (5-4.000.000 year ago)
› Mimetic culture (2.000.000 jaar – 200.000 year)
› Mythical culture (200-000 jaar – 50.000 year)
› Graphic culture (50.000 jaar – present)
• Magical culture (50.000 – 10.000 year)
• Totemistic culture (10.000 – 5.000 BP)
• Religious culture (5.000 – 700 v.C.)
• Theoretical culture (700 BC – present)
• Greek antiquity (700 BC – )
• Roman antiquity (300 BC - 300)
• Middle Ages (300 – 1300)
• Modern Times (1400 – present)
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Human Evolution
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4. Evolution of culture (Merlin Donald)
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time
Doubling Mimetic Mythical Theoretic
(perception) (artefacts) (language) (graphic)
2.000.000 200.000 35.0005.000.000
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Concept ‘horse’
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The flat surface (wall, (clay)tablet, paper, board) allows us to
see (visual) abstractions
Seeing structures (‘insight’) is a prerequisite for theory and theoretical culture
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› Theoretical culture depends on a specific medium.
› Theoretical cognition is not inborn…
› Our brain (the visual cortex) must learn to discover and see structures.
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Evolution of graphic culture
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time
image… imagination … writing… abstract structures
paleolithicum …. neolithicum …..city culture… modernity
3200 70020000 500035000
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Horses
Chauvet, France, 32.000-30.000 BP
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Mixed CultureIntentionele Cultuur
Media and Mimesis
Cave of Chauvet, approximately 30.000 years ago
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The ‘lion-man’ from Hohlenstein-StadelAurignacien, circa 30.000 year BP
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Totem pole (detail), Thunderbird Park, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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› The first agriculture developed in China (rice)
› The middle east (today’s Iran, Iraq, Turkey (Göbekli Tepe), Syria, Jordan) was a particularly fertile area.
› The oldest cultivated grain is found here (cf. How Art Made the World).
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Sumerian statue: abstract
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Vase from Uruk, 3500-3100 11-1-2016 | 28
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Kritios Boy - epheboi± 500 BC
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Paper
•403 BCE Standardisation of handwriting (in Athens)
•± 400 BCE Ink (stabile form)
•Trade relations with Egypt and Phoenicia
One of the earliest images of a person reading a papyrus (440 – 435 BC)
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Researching reality
• In history: Herodote, Thucydides
• In philosophy: Sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and many others
• In literature: Pindar, Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides, Menander
Oedipus and the sphinx (vase painting)
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School of Athens - Raphael (1483-1520) - Painted 1510-1511
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Phaedrus - A dialogue on love,
speech and writing (370 BCE?)
Bad for memory
Non-dialogical
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Max Velthuis (1923-2004), Frog
Questions / discussion
Thank you for your attention!