mk pgeochem 2
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 1/23
Lesson – 2
Edi B. SetyobudiProdi Teknik Geologi
Universitas Diponegoro
Introduction to PetroleumGeochemistry
![Page 2: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 2/23
Further ReadingsHorsfield, B. and J. Rullkötter, 1994, “Diagenesis,Catagenesis and Metagenesis of Organic Matter”, inThe Petroleum System – From Source to Trap, AAPGMemoir 60
Chilingar, G.V. et al , 2005, “Geology andGeochemistry of Oil and Gas”. Chapter 9
Verweij, J.M. 1993, “Hydrocarbon Migration Systems
Analysis”, Chapters 3, 4 and 5Wenger,L.M., C.L. Davis and G.H. Isaksen, 2002,“Multiple Controls on Petroleum Biodegradation andImpact on Oil Quality”, SPE Paper
![Page 3: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 3/23
ObjectivesPrinciples of hydrocarbongeneration, migration, accumulation
and alterationBasics of ‘oil to oil’ and ‘oil to sourcerock’ correlations
![Page 4: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 4/23
Problems with Source Rock Evaluation
Most of drilling depths above mature windows
Penetrated sections may be of different facies
Often extrapolation necessary assisted bymodeling
![Page 5: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 5/23
Geochemical Log
![Page 6: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 6/23
![Page 7: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 7/23
![Page 8: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 8/23
Example of Basin Modeling
Input - stratigraphy, geochemistry andheat flowOutput – maturation window, amount ofHC generated and timing of m tur tion
![Page 9: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 9/23
PrimaryMigration –
expulsionof HC outof sourcerock
SecondaryMigration – HCmovementalong carierbed
![Page 10: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 10/23
Primary Migration Controversy
Primary migration isleast understood
Oil generated at great
depthShale porosity very lowat that depth
How would HC move insuch low porosity
Some ideas have beenproposed
![Page 11: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 11/23
Primary Migration
![Page 12: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 12/23
Video - Migration
After expulsion
Bouyancy
Seal /impermeablelayer
![Page 13: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 13/23
Secondary Migration
![Page 14: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 14/23
Trap Filling
![Page 15: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 15/23
MigrationPathway Map
The map must bedatumed at ahorizon as close
as possible to thetiming ofmaturation
![Page 16: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 16/23
![Page 17: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 17/23
Differential Entrapment
![Page 18: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 18/23
Differential Entrapment
![Page 19: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 19/23
HC Alterations
![Page 20: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 20/23
HC Alterations
Water Washing – soluble components removeddue to contact with waterPhase Separation – gas and lighter componentsescape from the trap due to partial leakage (faultsor incompetent seals)Gas De-Asphalting – asphalt precipitation due togas entering an oil reservoirThermal Cracking – reservoir exposed to higher
temperature due to deep burial makes heaviercomponents to crack into lighter HCBiodegradation – bacteria eating some HCcomponents causing oil degradation
![Page 21: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 21/23
Biodegradation
Meteoric water influx brings oxygen andbacteria into reservoir
Aerobic and Anaerobic bacteria
H2S may be generated due to sulfate-reducing bacteria
Temperature below 80o
C (175o
F) andheavy biodegradation occurs below50 oC (120 oF)
![Page 22: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 22/23
Gas Chromatograms ofBiodegraded Oils
UCM – Unresolved Complex Mixture
![Page 23: MK PGeoChem 2](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022021315/577cc7f51a28aba711a1eff6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
8/12/2019 MK PGeoChem 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mk-pgeochem-2 23/23
Questions & Answers