MITOSIS/MEIOSISTEST REVIEW

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1

• By definition, copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of Meiosis are called _____ .

1

• By definition, copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of Meiosis are called SISTER CHROMATIDS.

2

• Major gene recombination happens during what phase?

2

• Major gene recombination happens during what phase?

• PROPHASE I (during Meiosis I)

3

• Division of the cytoplasm, called _____ immediately follows division of the nucleus, called _____ . Before either of these divisions can occur, _____ must take place where the cell grows and dna doubles.

3

• Division of the cytoplasm, called CYTOKINESIS immediately follows division of the nucleus, called MITOSIS. Before either of these divisions can occur, INTERPHASE must take place where the cell grows and dna doubles.

4

• If the somatic parent cell (original cell) has 20 chromosomes, after 1 complete round of the cell cycle what is the result?

4

• If the somatic parent cell (original cell) has 20 chromosomes, after 1 complete round of the cell cycle what is the result?

• 2 DAUGHTER CELLS, EACH WITH 20 CHROMOSOMES

5

• Separation of the chromatids in meiosis I happens immediately following which significant event?

5

• Separation of the chromatids in meiosis I happens immediately following which significant event?

• CROSSING OVER

6

• Cells with 2 of each kind of chromosome are called _____, while cells with half that amount are called _____ .

6

• Cells with 2 of each kind of chromosome are called DIPLOID, while cells with half that amount are called HAPLOID.

7

• Homologous chromosomes may differ from other chromosomes based on which characteristics? Must give @ least 2.

7

• Homologous chromosomes may differ from other chromosomes based on which characteristics?

• SIZE• SHAPE• POSITION OF CENTROMERE• ALLELES THE CHROMOSOME CARRIES• STAINING PATTERN

8

• Fill in the information below:

8

• Fill in the information below:

Autosome/Somatic Cell Gamete/Sex Cell

DIPLOID HAPLOID – ½ of DIPLOID

2 Identical Daughter Cells 4 Unique Daughter Cells

ASEXUAL SEXUAL

9

• Genetic variation among relatives is due to which 2 events? (in meiosis I)

9

• Genetic variation among relatives is due to which 2 events? (in meiosis I)

• CROSSING OVER• INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

10

• The formation of a sex cell is appropriately called _____ .

10

• The formation of a sex cell is appropriately called GAMETOGENESIS.

11

• What is necessary for sexual reproduction to occur, but not necessarily for asexually reproducing organisms? WHY?

11

• What is necessary for sexual reproduction to occur, but not necessarily for asexually reproducing organisms? WHY?

• MEIOSIS• Mitosis is a way for reproduction to occur.

12

• During _____ the spindle apparatus is formed, which is made out of _____ .

12

• During PROPHASE(prometaphase) the spindle apparatus is formed, which is made out of MICROTUBULES.

13

• What are the phases (in order) of Mitosis? How does that differ from Meiosis?

13

• What are the phases (in order) of Mitosis? How does that differ from Meiosis?

• MITOSIS:– PROPHASE – PROMETAPHASE – METAPHASE –

ANAPHASE – TELOPHASE• MEIOSIS:– 2 ROUNDS OF PMAT (2nd ROUND RESEMBLES MITOSIS)

14

• _____ are attached at the centromere and are identical until _____ _____ occurs.

14

• Chromatids are attached at the centromere and are identical until CROSSING OVER occurs.

15

• _____ become visible during prophase after the Chromatin condense. The chromatids detach and become visibly separate chromosomes during _____ .

15

• CHROMOSOMES become visible during prophase after the Chromatin condense. The chromatids detach and become visibly separate chromosomes during ANAPHASE.

16

• List @ least 2 things we discussed about Homologous Chromosomes :

16

• List @ least 2 things we discussed about Homologous Chromosomes :

• Have alleles for the same characteristics• In pairs, 1 from mom & 1 from dad• Pair up during Meiosis• Exchange parts during Meiosis

17

• During Interphase the cell grows during _____ , and dna replicates during _____ .

• During Mitosis the nuclear membrane disappears during _____ and reforms during _____ .

17

• During Interphase the cell grows during G1(gap 1), and dna replicates during S (synthesis).

• During Mitosis the nuclear membrane disappears during Prophase and reforms during Telophase.

18

• Chromosomes line up along the equator during _____ , and start to migrate toward opposite poles during _____ , then a cleavage furrow forms as the cell begins it’s split during _____ .

18

• Chromosomes line up along the equator during METAPHASE, and start to migrate toward opposite poles during ANAPHASE, then a cleavage furrow forms as the cell begins it’s split during TELOPHASE.

19

• In eukaryotes, the chromosome number _____ with fertilization and then _____ by meiosis.

19

• In eukaryotes, the chromosome number DOUBLES with fertilization and then HALVES by meiosis.

20

• What process do these occur in:– Alternate forms of genes get shuffled– Offspring provided new gene combinations– Diploid # of chromosomes reduced to Haploid #– Parental DNA divides and gets distributed through

gametogenesis

20

• What process do these occur in:– Alternate forms of genes get shuffled– Offspring provided new gene combinations– Diploid # of chromosomes reduced to Haploid #– Parental DNA divides and gets distributed through

gametogenesisMEIOSIS

21

• List at least 3 characteristics of MEIOSIS:

21

• List at least 3 characteristics of MEIOSIS:– 2 divisions (meiosis I & II)– Produces haploid cells (x4)– Reduces # of chromosomes in each cell by half– Involves synapses– Allows cells to become unique through crossing

over– Gametic cells are produced (sex cells)– Not necessary in asexually reproducing organisms

22

• Sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other

• Homologous chromosomes are separated from each other

Match the statements with the appropriate process: MEIOSIS I OR MEIOSIS II

22

MEIOSIS II• Sister chromatids of each

chromosome are separated from each other

MEIOSIS I• Homologous chromosomes

are separated from each other

Match the statements with the appropriate process: MEIOSIS I OR MEIOSIS II