Mitosis Review

• 1. What is the purpose of mitosis?

• To make new daughter cells when a cell becomes to old, too large or damaged.

• How many daughter cells are made during mitosis?

• 2

• What is the purpose of meiosis?

• To make gametes for the purpose of sexual reproduction.

• How many daughter cells are made during meiosis?

• 4

• What are the three parts of the cell cycle?

• 1. Interphase• 2. Mitosis• 3. Cytokinesis

• What happens during Interphase?

• G1, S, G2• G1: primary growth phase• S: Synthesis; DNA replicated• G2: Secondary growth phase

• What are the phases of mitosis?

• Prophase• Metaphase• Anaphase• Telophase

Which phase is it?

17

Four Mitotic Stages

ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase

• Spindle fibers(microtubules) called ________________

attach to the centromere of each chromosome.

• kinetochores

• The nuclear envelope and nucleolus are broken down in _________________ phase of mitosis. It then reappears during _______________.

• Prophase, telophase

• The longest phase of the cell cycle is_____________________.

• Interphase

• The longest phase of mitosis is _____________________

• prophase

• During ________________ which occurs rapidly, the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by kinetochores.

• anaphase

• During ______________ chromosomes are lined up at the equator.

• metaphase

• How many chromosomes are there in a human autosome?

• 46

• How many chromosomes are there in a human gamete?

• 23

• Having a full set of chromosomes in a cell is also known as________________.

• diploid

• Have half a set of chromosomes in a cell is known as______________.

• Haploid.

• What is the purpose of a karyotype?

• To view the paired chromosomes from largest to smallest. It can show if there is an extra set of chromosomes. (Down’s syndrome)

• Why would destroying a cell’s ability to use their spindle fibers (microtubules) affect the cell growth?

• A cell can not growth into two new daughter cells without the help of the spindle fibers.

• An uncontrolled rate of cell growth is known as_______________

• cancer

• How is cytokinesis different in a human cell to that of a plant cell?

• A human cell will form a furrow.• A plant cell will form a plate wall between the

two new cells.

• During ____________ sister chromatids are at opposite poles.

• telophase

• During a karyotype the sex chromosomes indicated: XX. Is this a boy or a girl?

• girl

• Duplicated chromosomes are called _______________ and are help together by their ________________.

• Chromatids, centromere

• Why can’t a person see the chromosomes during interphase?

• They are long, thin and stringy (known as chromatin). They have just duplicated.