mitosis chapter 8 honors biology cell division. g 2 of interphase chromosomes are not clear (still...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MitosisChapter 8
Honors BiologyCell Division
![Page 2: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
G2 of Interphase
• Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin)
• Nucleolus visible• Nuclear envelope• Centrosomes
duplicated (each centrosome has 2 centrioles)
![Page 3: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why is mitosis important?
• 1. Growth• 2. Cell replacement• 3. Asexual Reproduction
![Page 4: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
pp. 130-131 of textbookMitosis Stages
![Page 5: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
G2 Prophase Prometaphase
Name the structures and describe what is happening.
![Page 6: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Prophase• Chromatin fibers coil
to become dense chromosomes
• They join at the centromere as sister chromatids
2 centrosomes made in G2
![Page 7: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Prophase
• Nucleolus Disappears• Spindle Fibers Form as microtubules out
from the centrosomes (MTOC)• Asters form (shorter microtubules extending
from centrosomes)
![Page 8: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
See the chromosomes condense
• Centrosomes move away from each other, propelled by the lengthening microtubules between them
• Mitosis Animation (show through prophase)
![Page 9: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Prometaphase• Nuclear envelope
disintegrates (vesicles)• Each sister chromatid has
a kinetochore at centromere
• Kinetochore spindles attach to kinetochore
• Non-kinetochore spindles pole to pole
![Page 10: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Prometaphase• How many chromosomes
are there?How many sister chromatid pairs are there?
• ANSWER: 4, 4
![Page 11: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Kinetochore :attach spindle fibers to chromatid
• Kinetochore in pink
![Page 12: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Kinetochore*Microtubule dynamics animation (+/- ends,
jerking)• Spindle microtubules at centromere• During prometaphase some spindle
microtubules attach to the kinetochores• Chromosomes “tug of war” to poles begins
![Page 13: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
McGraw-Hill Mitosis and Cytokinesis
• Microtubules lengthen and shorten by the addition or removal of tubulin.
• Kinetochore microtubules shorten in the region of the kinetochore, pulling the chromosomes apart.
• Polar microtubules elongate to push against each other and thus, push the two centrosomes apart.
•
![Page 14: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
COOL SITE
• ** GO TO Biovision: Inner life of a cell-Harvard (microtubules build and break down) NARRATED VERSION
•
![Page 15: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
REAL FOOTAGE
• Animations Scroll down to Chapter 10• Microtubule dynamics in prophase• Capture of a kinetochore• Alignment of chromosomes• Aligned chromosomes oscillate
continuously – “jerking”• AND MUCH MORE
![Page 16: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Name the structures and describe what is happening.
![Page 17: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Metaphase
Centrioles now at opposite poles
Sister chromatids line up at the metaphase plate (equator)
Each chromosome has its own kinetochore coming from opposite poles
![Page 18: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Anaphase
• Spindle fibers pull the chromatids to the opposite poles
• Centromere split• Nonkinetochore
microtubules lengthen
![Page 19: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Telophase• Chromatids are
now at the opposite ends of the cell
• Late: Chromatids back to chromatin
• Spindles dissolve
Reforming of nucleolus and nuclear envelope
![Page 20: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Telophase: end with two equal daughter cells
![Page 21: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NAME THE PHASES:
![Page 22: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Interphase
Mitosis
nuclear envelope
pair of centrioles
Early Prophase Late Prophase Prometaphase
![Page 23: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Metaphase
MitosisVCAC Mitosis Animation
(includes all of the cell cycle)Anaphase Telophase Interphase
Cell splits
![Page 24: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SHOWTIME
• Mitosis Movie
• Mitosis (narrated movie)• Interactive human mitosis animation
![Page 25: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cytokinesis (actually at the end of telophase)
Separation of the cytoplasm
![Page 26: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cytokinesis
• Animals• Actin and myosin
form cleavage furrow
• Plants• Vesicles from the
Golgi make cell plate
![Page 27: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Animal Cytokinesis
Mitosis is over, and the spindle is now
disassembling.
Band of microfilaments at the former spindle equator contracts.
The contractions continue and cut the cell in two.
Cleavage furrow
![Page 28: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
cell wall
former spindle equator
cell plate
vesicles converging
Plant Cytokinesis
Cell Plate
![Page 29: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cytokinesis Videos
• ANIMAL• Flash cytokinesis (:03
)• Cleavage of a fertilize
d frog egg (:25)
• cell division on contrast microscope (:58)
• PLANT• Mitosis and cell plate f
ormation of giant chromosomes Haemanthus (1:14)
• Endosperm cell division (:07)
• Cytokinesis Animal and Plant Cells (3:48)
![Page 31: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Mitosis differences
• ANIMAL• Centrioles in
centrosomes• Growth all over
the animal (usually)
• PLANT• No centrioles in
centrosomes• Growth only at meristems
![Page 32: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What cells undergo mitosis?
• A LOT• Skin• Blood• Digestive tract
• NOT AT ALL• Nerve• muscle
![Page 33: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Where does mitosis occur in organisms?
• PLANTSMeristems (growing tips)
• ANIMALS• Most places: skin,
hair, blood, digestive tract
• DNA tube mitosis real mitosis
![Page 34: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
NICE REVIEW OF MITOSIS
• Biology Animation: Cell Cycle + Quiz
• Can click on each phase
• Can take quiz (can review if incorrect answer)
![Page 35: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A: Interphase
![Page 36: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A: anaphase
![Page 37: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A:metaphase
![Page 38: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A:prophase
![Page 39: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A. telophase
![Page 40: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A. prophase
![Page 41: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A. telophase
![Page 42: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A. anaphase
![Page 43: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A. metaphase
![Page 44: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Which phase of mitosis?
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
A. interphase
![Page 45: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
PLANT CELLS
![Page 46: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Online Activity Worksheet
• Online Onion Root Tips
![Page 47: Mitosis Chapter 8 Honors Biology Cell Division. G 2 of Interphase Chromosomes are not clear (still chromatin) Nucleolus visible Nuclear envelope Centrosomes](https://reader038.vdocuments.mx/reader038/viewer/2022103015/5519cd9255034649768b47a0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Practice Links
• Animal Cell Mitosis• Plant and Animal Cell
Mitosis• Nice Mitosis Animal C
ells
• Mitosis World (yes, it is as good as Disney World)