mitosis biology 1114. definitions asexual reproductioninterphase asterskaryotype cell...
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DefinitionsDefinitionsAsexual Reproduction Interphase
Asters KaryotypeCell Plate KinetochoreCentrioles MeiosisCentromere MetaphaseChromatid MitosisChromatin PloidyChromosomes ProphaseDiplois S PhaseG1 Phase Spindle FibersG2 Phase SporophyteGamete SynapsisCametophyte TelophaseHaploid Zygote
Two Types of Life FormsTwo Types of Life Forms• Unicellular
1. The Invisible World2. Original Life3. Found Everywhere4. Photosynthesis and Decomposition5. Potentially Immortal
• Multicellular1. Communal2. Growth and Division Necessary
Cell Growth and DivisionCell Growth and Division
• Uses Process of Mitosis
• Allows for Growth from Infant to Adult
• Necessary to Replace Worn Tissues
• Necessary for Generating New Cells
Note: Somatic Cells reproduce by mitosis.
Sex Cells reproduce by meiosis.
Simple Prokaryotic ReproductionSimple Prokaryotic Reproduction1. Replicates
2. Attaches
3. Separates
Creates Genetic EqualsCreates Genetic Equals
• Advantage is that all cells are genetic equals.• Disadvantage is that all cells are genetic equals.
Binary Fission is Simple Cloning
Celebrity Sheep Has Died at Age 6
Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashioned way.
Eukaryotic Cell Divison and Eukaryotic Cell Divison and ChromatinChromatin
DNA and Histone Protein Complex
Dispersed in the Nucleus
Has Ability to Condense
ChromosomesChromosomes
When Chromatin Condenses During Cell Divison It is Referred to as Chromosomes
MitosisMitosisA process of forming generally similar daughter cells by replicating and dividing the original chromosomes.
Cellular division used by simple organisms.
The sequence of DNA replication, growth and cell division that cells go through.
InterphaseInterphaseNo Division Occurring
Metabolically Active
Nucleolus Visible
DNA and Organelles Duplicating
Nucleus is Intact
90% of Cell’s Time is Spent in Interphase
ProphaseProphase
Nucleolus Disappears
Centrioles Move to Poles
Spindle Fibers Form
Chromosomes Visible
Nuclear Membrane Disappears
AnaphaseAnaphase
Chromosomes Separate into Separate Chromatids
Begin to Move to Opposite Ends of the Cell
TelophaseTelophase
Chromosomes Arrive at Poles
Disappear into Chromatin
Spindles Disappear
Nuclear Membrane Reappears
Nucleolus Reappears
Cancer results when normal body cells grow out of control without regulation. They can invade other tissues causing enough damage to kill the host.
Control of Mitosis and CancerControl of Mitosis and Cancer
• 6.5 Million Cases of cancer in USA Yearly
• Not all Cancers are Lethal
• Tumor = Mass of Cancer Cells
• Benign = Remain Localized
• Malignant = Escape Site and Spreading
• Metastasis = Spreading
• Treatment = Radiation and Chemotherapy
Basal Cell Basal Cell CarcinomaCarcinoma
Non-melanoma skin cancers are far more common but less dangerous than malignant melanoma and rarely fatal. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma frequently appear on sun-exposed skin after many years of exposure. This exposure also causes premature ageing of the skin. Non-malignant skin cancers are easily treated by minor surgery. If left, non-melanoma skin cancers will grow and disfigure - therefore early treatment is recommended.
Skin CancerSkin Cancer
Malignant melanoma is the rarest, but most serious form. It affects the pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) found in the skin and can appear as a new mole, or arise from an existing mole on the skin. Malignant melanoma has the potential to spread to other sites or organs within the body but is CURABLE if treated early.
Cigarette smokers, depending on the number of cigarettes smoked have a six-fold increase of dying from oral and pharyngial cancer as a non-smoker
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