mitosis and asexual reproduction. i.the cell cycle a.why cells divide... 1.cells obtain most...
TRANSCRIPT
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Mitosis and
Asexual Reproduction
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I. The Cell CycleA. Why Cells Divide...
1. cells obtain most resources through diffusion
a. diffusion = FAST small distances
b. diffusion = SLOW over long distances
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I. The Cell CycleA. Why Cells Divide...
2. Surface Area to Volume ratio (SA : V)
a. small cells = efficient diffusion
1. membrane is big enough to allow enough materials
through
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I. The Cell CycleA. Why Cells Divide...
2. Surface Area to Volume ratio (SA : V)
b. as cell grows, V increases FASTER than SA.
1. diffusion distance increases
2. diffusion efficiency decreases
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Surface Area to Volume Ratio
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I. The Cell CycleA. Why Cells Divide...
2. Surface Area to Volume ratio
*growth is a requirement for most cells – so how do they solve this problem?
c. cells divide in order to keep from getting too large.
- also happen to make clones of themselves in the process
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I. The Cell CycleB. The Cell Cycle
1. Interphase (90% of time)
a. normal functions (making proteins, homeostasis)
b. replicating DNA
(in preparation for dividing)
c. make enzymes for division, and organelles for the new cell
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I. The Cell CycleB. The Cell Cycle
2. Mitosis (Nuclear Division)
a. Prophase
1. chromatin coils into chromosomes
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I. The Cell CycleB. The Cell Cycle
2. Mitosis (Cell Division)
b. Metaphase
1. chromosomes line up at equator
2. centrioles move to poles
3. spindle fibers appear
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I. The Cell CycleB. The Cell Cycle
2. Mitosis (Cell Division)
c. Anaphase
1. centrioles pull sister chromatids apart
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I. The Cell CycleB. The Cell Cycle
2. Mitosis (Cell Division)
d. Telophase
1. spindle fibers break down
2. chromosomes uncoil
3. nucleus reappears
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I. The Cell CycleB. The Cell Cycle
2. Mitosis (Cell Division)
e. Cytokinesis
1. final division of cytoplasm
2. cells separate
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Asexual Reproduction and Cancer
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II. Asexual Reproduction
A. Types
1. Budding (bud)
a. bud that is released from cell and grows into clone
b. common in yeast (fungi)
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II. Asexual ReproductionA. Types
1. Budding
2. binary fission
a. “split in two”
b. bacterial mitosis (some protists)
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II. Asexual ReproductionA. Types
1. Budding
2. binary fission
3. fragmentation
a. growth of new organism from fragments of parent organism
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III. Cancer and the Cell Cycle
A. What is Cancer?
1. uncontrolled cell division
2. results in a tumor
a. benign
1. harmless growth
2. no death to surrounding tissue
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III. Cancer and the Cell Cycle
A. What is Cancer?
2. results in a tumor
b. malignant
1. tumor causes damage/death to surrounding tissue
2. spreads easily (metastasis)
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III. Cancer and the Cell Cycle
A. What is Cancer?
3. caused by mutation in cell cycle genes
a. “On” genes work
b. “Off” genes don’t work