mitigation and adaptation - metromedia.metro.net/projects_studies/sustainability/images...mitigation...
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Planning for Climate Change:
Mitigation and Adaptation Cheryl Laskowski, Ph.D. August 21, 2013
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Complimentary Responses to Climate Change
Climate Change
Impacts
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Response
Mitigation Adaptation
Definitions
> Mitigation: Reduce GHG emissions, increase GHG sinks.
> Adaptation: Reduce impacts from climate change
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Complimentary Responses to Climate Change
Definitions
> Mitigation: Reduce GHG emissions, increase GHG sinks.
> Adaptation: Reduce impacts from climate change
Climate Change
Impacts
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Response
Mitigation Adaptation
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Transport - Rail Electricity
20%
Transport - Purchased
2%
Transport - Non-Revenue
3% Transport -
CNG 54%
Transport - Gasoline Bus
2%
Transport - Vanpool
3%
Facilities - Electricity
11%
Facilities - Natural Gas
1%
Refrigerants 2%
Inventory Benefits
> Understanding where your emissions come from
> Identifying areas to reduce emissions
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Inventory
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Inventory
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Me
tric
To
ns C
O2
e
Inventory Benefits
> Monitor performance over time
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0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Po
un
ds
CO
2e
Pe
r B
oa
rdin
g
Percentage of Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source
Bus Purchased Heavy Rail Light Rail Bus Operated by Metro
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Inventory
Inventory Benefits
> Monitor indicators over time
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions: How-To
> Emissions = Activity Data x Emission Factor
> Activity Data can be affected by technology changes, usage patterns
> Emission Factors are generally affected by others
Understanding & Managing your Activity Data is Key!
> CO2 emissions = kWh per year x CO2 per kWh
> Convert bus fleet to CNG, Establish conservation policy measures
> Utility provider’s production portfolio
> Coordination among departments
> Standardizing collection
> Institutionalizing the process
> Provides insight beyond GHG emissions
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Evaluate activity over time, not just GHG emissions
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
To
ns
Historic Waste Production
Total Solid Waste Solid Waste Trash Solid Waste Recycled
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Activity Data
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0
5
10
15
20
Div
isio
n 11
Div
isio
n 66
Div
isio
n 34
Div
isio
n 6
Div
isio
n 4
Div
isio
n 60
Div
isio
n 9
Div
isio
n 3
Div
isio
n 5
Div
isio
n 21
Div
isio
n 1
Div
isio
n 8
Div
isio
n 10
Div
isio
n 2
Div
isio
n 7
Div
isio
n 22
Div
isio
n 18
Div
isio
n 15
Div
isio
n 30
Div
isio
n 99
- G
atew
ay
Div
isio
n 20
Kilo
wa
tt H
ou
rs in
Mil
lio
ns
Facility Electricity Use by Major Facilities in 2012
Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Activity Data
Understand activity data by facility
Greenhouse Gas Displacement
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APTA, 2011
Accounting for the Benefits
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Accounting for the Benefits
Emissions generated by Transit
Emissions displaced by Transit
Mode Shift Avoided car trips
Congestion Relief
Land-Use Multiplier Source
Quantity of Emissions Displaced (MT CO2e)
Total Emissions Displaced from Mode Shift (491,291)
Emissions from Metro Operations 484,983
Net Emissions from Metro Operations (6,308)
Metro 2012 Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Other Transportation Agencies with Similar Efforts
New York (MTA)
> Annual sustainability report since 2008
> LED Lighting and CFL upgrades for bridges, tunnels, train signaling lights
> Renewable energy (rooftop PV panels and fuel cells)
> Use recycled water for car wash
> Innovative and artistic raised-grate street sculptures to prevent subway flooding
Chicago (CTA)
> Green Initiatives
> Converted entire bus fleet ultra-low sulfur diesel in March 2003
> Buses delivered since 2007 have clean-diesel engines and particulate filters that meet EPA emissions standards
> CTA currently operates 250 hybrid buses, 15% total bus fleet
> In 2011, CTA received a $2.2 million federal grant to purchase two all-electric buses
Climate Change
Adaptation
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Steps in assessing long-term climate impacts
Identify Potential Impacts Extreme Heat
Flooding
Drought
Wildfires
High Winds
Sea Level Rise
Identify Critical Assets Ridership
Connectivity
Assess Risk Likelihood
Consequence
Act Plan
Implement
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TBD: cheryl # Days >95°F per year
Identify Potential Risks
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TBD: cheryl # Days >95°F per year
Identify Potential Risks
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TBD: cheryl # Days >95°F per year
Identify Potential Risks
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Identify critical assets
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Assess risk
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Assess risk
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Asset and Risk Description of Risk/
Comments Likelihood Consequence Rating
Overheating of communications or signalling system, causing stoppage, delay, or bus bridge
Expected to impact inland above ground locations. The loss of service impacting an entire line
Possible (3) Moderate (3) High
Assess risk
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Resources
Guidance Documents APTA: Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transit APTA: Guidelines for Climate Action Planning APTA: Quantifying and Reporting Transit Sustainability Metrics TRB: Emissions Savings from Transit California Climate Change Adaptation Policy Guide ICLEI: US Community Protocol for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories
Climate Science + Adaptation Cal-Adapt.org NOAA Sea Level Rise Viewer California Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Energy & Transportation
Transportation Reports Metro Climate Action and Adaptation Plan Adaptation Cost Benefit Analysis Overview FTA Flooded Bus Barns and Buckled Rails Adapting to Rising Tides: San Francisco US DOT Climate Adaptation Plan
