mit icat global aviation infrastructureweb.mit.edu/airlines/industry_outreach/board_meeting...mit...
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Global Aviation Infrastructure
Prof. R. John HansmanProf. R. John Hansman
With the help of the Faculty and Students of the MIT Global With the help of the Faculty and Students of the MIT Global Industry StudyIndustry Study
[email protected]@mit.eduTraffic Source: Sage Analysis courtesy Prof Ian Waitz
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Freight Trends by Region
OCT 06
Freight Tonne-Kilometers by Region
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
FTK
(bill
ion)
North America
Europe
Asia andPacificLatin America& CaribbeanMiddle East
Africa
Data source: ICAO, scheduled services of commercial air carriers
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
OCT 06RPK by Region
Scheduled Revenue Passenger-Kilometers by Region
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
RPK
(bill
ion)
North America
Europe
Asia andPacificLatin America& CaribbeanMiddle East
Africa
Data source: ICAO, scheduled services of commercial air carriers
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Air Transportation Markets2004 Data
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT China - India Megamarkets
Source : Boeing Current Market Outlook 2006
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
China - India Infrastructure Approaches
India
Airline Liberalization
Marginal Infrastructure
Industry Pushing
Infrastructure
China
Airline Regulation
Infrastructure Investment
Field of Dreams
“If you build it they will come”
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
India18 Bilateral MOUs last year
1. India - Russia New Delhi, 21st February 20062. India - Italy New Delhi, 15th February 20063. India - Thailand Bangkok, Thailand, 10th February 20064. India - UAE New Delhi, 7th December 20055. India - New Zealand Queenstown, New Zealand, 19th October 20056. India - Singapore New Delhi, 24th August 20057. India - Philippines New Delhi, 21st July 20058. India - Bhutan Thimphu, Bhutan, 6th July 20059. India - Canada Ottawa, 2nd June 200510. India - Germany New Delhi, 25th May 200511. India - Belgium Brussels, 18th May 200512. India - Netherlands The Hague, 17th May 200513. India - Qatar New Delhi, 12th May 200514. India - Oman New Delhi, 27th April 200515. India - USA New Delhi, 14th April 200516 .India - UK New Delhi, 13th April 200517. India - China New Delhi, 11th March 200518. India - France Paris, 23rd February 2005
source: Ministry of Civil Aviation
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
China Battle for last US Route
The U.S. Department of Transportation will award one new route between China and the U.S. by the end of 2006.
Four U.S. airlines are competing for the route: United, Northwest, American and Continental.
map of world and routes, list of airlines and restriction
Current services: from New York, Chicago and San Francisco.
The U.S. Department of Transportation will award one last route (until 2008) between China and the U.S. by the end of the year.
Four U.S. airlines are competing for the route:
United,Northwest, Continental,American
Northwest AirlinesRoute: Detroit toShanghaiSeats: 335Flight Time: 14 hr. 45 mins.
American AirlinesRoute: Dallas/Ft. Worth to BeijingSeats: 247Flight Time: 14 hr. 30 mins.
Continental AirlinesRoute: Newark, N.J.to ShanghaiSeats: 283Flight Time: 14 hr.
United AirlinesRoute: Washington, D.C. Worth to BeijingSeats: 347Flight Time: 15 hr. 15 mins.
Source: Detroit Free Press 10/18/2006
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT China
Traffic Source: Sage Analysis courtesy Prof Ian Waitz
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
China Airlines, 2001
Catering, 4.8%
Other, 8.9%
Labor, 3.4%
Fuel, 27.6%
A/C Depreciation, Operating Lease,
Rental, 24.9%
Maintenance, 8.3%
Insurance, 1.0%
High-value Spares and Supplies, 6.1%
Landing Fees, 15.0%
Comparison of Cost Structure Chinese vs US Airlines
Source: “Cost Analysis of China Airline Industry”, Aviation Industry Development Research Center of China, 10/14/2003.ATA US Airline Cost Index: Major & National Passenger Carriers, Q3 2005.
Chinese Airlines, 2001
U.S. Airlines, 2005
Labor, 24.6%
Fuel, 24.0%
Ownership, 12.1%
Professional Services, 8.0%
Landing Fees, 2.1%
Catering, 1.6%
Maintenance Material, 1.3%
Passenger Commissions, 1.3%
Insurance, 0.8%
Communication, 1.3%
Ad & Promotion, 0.8%
Utils & Office Supplies, 0.6% Other, 21.5%
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
ChinaGolden Triangle
58%
93%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Land Population GDP Im/Export
West Middle East
Middle
Middle
EastWest
GuangzhouPearl Delta
Taiwan
BeijingBohai Bay
ShanghaiChangjiang Delta
Hong Kong
Distribution of Cities and Towns
East region dominates all economic metrics
Three economic centersBeijingShanghaiGuangzhou
Land 9.6 mn km2
Population 1,284 mnGDP in 2002 10,240 bn RMBIntl Trade in 2002 621 bn USD
Source: National Bureau of Survey & Mapping of China, NBS
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Trends of Cargo ThroughputBased on Average Historical Growth Rates
Observed in 1993-2002 (1994-2002 for Mainland)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
Airp
ort T
hrou
ghpu
t (00
0 to
nnes
)
Shanghai group18.8%
Hong Kong9.0%
Guangzhou group13.0%
Beijing group11.7%
Taipei7.1%
FEDEX HUB IMPACT?
Source: based on data from CAAC, Hong Kong Airport Authority, CAA
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT China Airport Development
Beijing Group
Shanghai Group
GuangzhouGroup
~150 commercial airports operational in 2002
237 airports expected by 2010 (CAAC), most are regional airports
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT China Airport Development
Government Airport Spending
$14.9 B (1990-2005)$17.4 B Planned (2006-2011)
Planned Expansion 17.4B
42 Airports
2005 138M Pax,
(15.5% growth rate) CAAC
CAAC Projections 14%/yr through 2010 then 11%
Bejing 2008 Olympics is a driver
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Bejing Airport
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Liuzhau Airport“Field of Dreams”?
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Linzhi Tibet, Lhasa, RNP Approach
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Lhasa, Linzhi RNP Approach
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Flight Plans Filed 24 hours in Advance (must be approved)
Sichuan Province Example (398 total flights)
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Bejing Corridors
3 Arrival Corridors
3 Departure Corridors
2 Overflight Corridors
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT West China Airway Structure
2240 nm aprox
VORNDBVOR
VOR
B 215 Silk Road Airway
Overland FANS Route
Bejing
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT India
Traffic Source: Sage Analysis courtesy Prof Ian Waitz
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Oct 05 Movement
0 5 10 15 20 25
Calicut
Pune
Guwahatia
Goa (CE)
Jihu
Ahmedabad
Cochin
Hyderabad
Calcutta
Chennai
Bangalore
Delhi
Mumbai
http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/india/percapitaincome.htm (need authorization)
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Meta-Observations
Significant GrowthDomestic (Jet, Air Deccan stimulating the market)International (Economy and Open Skies)20% expected to cool to less than 10%Train and Road Infrastructure marginally functional
Airport Capacity/Space Problem Well Recognized and Being AddressedMost Airports have latent capacity but poor runway/taxiway setupsMumbai most difficult pointCochin, Hyderabad, Bangalore, greenfields in progress
Most critical short term constraint is trained personnelPilots, Controllers, Mechanics, DGAC
ATC lacks efficiencies but not a major capacity constraint Current controller shortage (450 controllers)Current staffing 1200 controllers, 6000 Technical Equipment Maintenance
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT India
Source : Boeing Current Market Outlook 2006
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Domestic Airline Liberalization and Competition
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Indian ALGovernment officials
Air DeccanEmerging Middle Class
SpiceJetEmerging Middle Class
Jet Multi-National Corporate
Air SaharaCorporate
KingfisherCorporate
IndiGoEmerging Middle Class 100 A-320s?, Rakesh Gangwal (USAir)
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
AWST 7/18/05
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Air Deccan Market StimulationDestinations
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
India Air Transportation Infrastructure Component Capability
Airports (high capacity 25 ops/hr >> 38)
Runways 1 Runway ops. Plans for expansionTerminals Weak, PPPs emerging
Ramp Parking Stands Major Domestic Limit (Design Criteria)Ground transport interface Very poor but endemic
Servicing Controlled by Air IndiaMaintenance Limited training, Hanger
Air Traffic ManagementCommunications HF issues, Bay of Bengal etcNavigation Geography, need to check ILS availability & minimumsSurveillance Radar GapsControl Low Tempo, Controller Shortage
WeatherObservation OKForecasting OKDissemination In face briefings required
Skilled personnel Pilots, Mechanics, Controllers
Cost recovery mechanism Weak, shifting
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Mumbai
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Mumbai
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Mumbai
High Local Population Density Limits Expansion
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
MumbaiEncroachment areas in yellow
High Local Population Density and Topography Limits Expansion
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Mumbai Encroachment Issue
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompre
are needed to see this picture
High Local Population Density and Topography Limits Expansion
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Delhi
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Delhi
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Delhi
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Chennai
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
ChennaiATC
Area & Approach Control
Procedural (Non-Radar) Control
Approach Control
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Cochin
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Cochin “Greenfield” AirportIndigeneous
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Bangalore
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT Bangalore
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MIT ICATMIT ICAT
Bangalore “Greenfield” AirportPPP International Investment
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Airport Design:Kaufmann, van der Meer Planer AG
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Source: Bangalore Airport Watch http://www.karnataka.com/watch/blr-airport/
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Leh (IXL)
Elevation 10682 ft
Runway Length 10100 ft
Visual Approach Only
Civil Enclave
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Air Transportation as Enabling Factor in Developing Regions
North America36% Pax26% Cargo~160 Airlines~4100 Airports
Latin America/Caribbean4% Pax3% Cargo~50 Airlines~580 Airports
Europe27% Pax27% Cargo~200 Airlines~2400 Airports
Africa2% Pax2% Cargo ~20 Airlines~300 Airports
Asia/Pacific27% Pax36% Cargo~80 Airlines~1800 AirportsMiddle East
4% Pax6% Cargo~20 Airlines~230 Airports
Population Source:http://www.ciesin.org/datasets/gpw/globldem.doc.htmlAir Transport Source ICAO, R. Schild/Airbus
Infrastructure - Satellite Based Information Technologies have the potential to allow regions with immature air transportation infrastructure to rapidly reach parity with mature systems
The Air Transportation Industry has an obligation to find economic models which support investment and economic development in these regions.
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Traffic Source: Sage Analysis courtesy Prof Ian Waitz
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Traffic Source: Sage Analysis courtesy Prof Ian Waitz
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QuickTime™ and aBMP decompressor
are needed to see this picture.