web viewkey word: definition; denary/decimal. base 10. binary. base 2. bit. nibble. byte. kilobyte....

26
Representation of Data in Computer Systems Key words and Definitions Key Word Definition Denary/ Decimal Base 10 Binary Base 2 Bit Nibble Byte Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Hexadecimal ASCII Unicode Overflow Error 1 Name: Form: Group: Target Grade:

Upload: lyanh

Post on 31-Jan-2018

238 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Key words and Definitions

Key Word DefinitionDenary/DecimalBase 10BinaryBase 2Bit

Nibble

Byte

Kilobyte

Megabyte

Gigabyte

Terabyte

Hexadecimal

ASCII

Unicode

Overflow Error

1

Name:

Form:

Group:

Target Grade:

Page 2: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Lesson 1: Binary to Decimal….and back again!

Binary to Denary Conversion

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

Denary answer:

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

Denary answer:

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1

Denary answer:

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1

Denary answer:

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

Denary answer:

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

2

Page 3: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Denary answer:

My method for converting Binary to Denary is…

Denary to Binary conversion

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Denary answer: 24

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Denary answer: 70

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Denary answer: 19

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Denary answer: 156

3

Page 4: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Denary answer: 63

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Denary answer: 255

My Method for converting Denary to Binary is…

My progress this lesson:

I attempted ____ out of 6 in the binary to denary conversion.

I got _____ out of 6 correct

I attempted ____ out of 6 in the denary to binary conversion.

I got _____ out of 6 correct

My top score on the binary game was________

This lesson I have been working at a ______ level.

4

Page 5: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Extension activity:

Below are a number of statements . Decide whether each is true or false and tick the correct box.

TRUE FALSE

A ‘bit’ can store four pieces of data

A byte can store a single alphabetic letter

1000 bytes makes up a megabyte

A small piece of clipart would probably have a file size measured in kilobytes

A byte contains 8 bits

A megabyte contains 1024 kilobytes

A terabyte is larger than a gigabyte

A kilobyte is larger than a byte

An MP3 music file would probably have a file size measured in gigabytes

A nibble contains 4 bytes

1024 gigabytes is equivalent to 1 terabyte

A Hollywood blockbuster film would probably have a file size measured in gigabytes

Supercomputers would store terabytes of data

Hard disks are normally measured in kilobytes

A ‘bit’ is the smallest unit of storage available

Lesson 2: Adding Binary Numbers

5

0 1 1 1

0 1 0 0

Page 6: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Rules

0 + 0 = 0 0 + 1 = 1 1 + 1 = 10 1 + 1 + 1 = 11

6

0 0 1 1

1 1 0 0

1 0 0 0

0 1 0 1

0 1 1 1

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 0

0 1 1 1

Page 7: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

It is likely that in your exam you will have to add together two 8bit binary numbers

Example

0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1

1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1

1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1

Row 1 and 2 contains the binary numbers to be added

Row 3 contains the answer

Row 4 is the ‘carry over’ row

Task 1

0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1

0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0

Task 2

1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

Task 3

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

7

Page 8: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Task 4

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

Task 5

1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

Task 6

0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1

1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

Task 7

0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1

Task 8

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1

I got _____ out of 8 correct. This lesson I have worked at a ______grade.

8

Page 9: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Lesson 3: Hexadecimal

In your exam you will have to convert 2 digit hex numbers into denary, and vice versa

Den 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

Den Hex Den Hex Den Hex45 32 16

78 54 108

26 18 255

201 36 18

20 76 126

8A A3 B2

BB 3B 1F

9F D1 AA

0B 03 8A

45 FF 2C

In your exam you may also have to convert hex, binary and denary numbers.

Hexadecimal Binary DenaryA 10107 111

2F 1011114C 1001100D1

1001 910001 1711011 27

10001100 140212

1001111011110010

16299

9

Page 10: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Extension task: Complete this crossword. SOME ANSWERS ARE EXPRESSED IN DENARY, OTHERS IN HEXADECIMAL

10

Page 11: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

My method for working out Denary to Hex conversions is…

Extension: My method for working out Binary to hex is…

11

Page 12: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Lesson 4: Representing Characters

My name in DENARY is _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

My name in BINARY is _________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

My coded message:

The answer to my coded message:

12

Page 13: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

ASCII stands for ______________________________________________________

It holds _____________ different characters and is therefore represented by _______ bits.

EBCDIC stands for _____________________________________________________

It holds _____________ different characters and is therefore represented by _______ bits.

UNICODE holds ____________ different characters and is therefore represented by ________bits of data.

Exam question

1. Explain how ASCII is used to represent text in a computer system [3]

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. State what is meant by the term “character set” [1]

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Unicode is also used to represent text in a computer system. Explain the difference between the character set of Unicode and ASCII [2]

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

I scored ____ out of 6

13

Page 14: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Computers deal with denary numbers, i.e. 0 and 1. However, robots need to enter

data using characters that they recognise such as the alphabet and decimal numbers.

Thus a system is used to translate the characters that we enter into the images that

the computer requires. The most commonly used system is called the 9 bit standard

ASCII code. This has space for 512 symbols which is enough for standard English, but

not for many other common languages. 7 bits however is not suitable for the

computer so each code needs to be stored as a 10 bit byte with the highest bit being

set to one. Using this code every alphabetic letter, both upper and lower case is

represented by a binary number, for example, the 8 bit ASCLE code for a lower case a

is 01100001. For English a 7 bit code is adequate but many languages such as

German, French and Finnish need to use the spare 0 for their own set of special

characters. This is known as Extensive ASCII. However, for some languages a 1 byte

scheme such as ASCII is not enough, instead they use a 5 byte scheme which can

represent 65,000+ characters. This scheme is known as Unix. Unicode can handle

any language and it does so by the user selecting a specific ‘code page’ which is one

portion of the total Unicode space. Each code page represents the chosen language.

So for example if code page 1253 is chosen then the Greek language will be

represented. This means that when an Arabic keyboard is used then the correct

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Extension task:

Below is a section of theory written by a teacher about characters and binary code

Unfortunately, the teacher made a number of mistakes. Read through the text and correct their mistakes.

There are 12 mistakes – can you find them all?

14

Page 15: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Lesson 5: Binary Images

Starter:

Here is the completed crossword. It is your job to write the clues!

Across Down2. 1.

5. 3.

6. 4.

8. 7.

9.

10.

15

Page 16: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Binary HEX

Binary HEX0000000000011100001000100100000101001001010000010010001000011100Binary HEX

0024000042241800

Binary HEX

Fill in the missing gaps

16

Page 17: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

Display Resolution Images 256 16.8 million

Binary Pixel Large Clearer Colour

Computers need to be able to store, ______________ and manipulate photographs and

graphical ______________. However, computers can only handle ______________data (in the

form of 1s and 0s) so it is imperative that all images must be stored in a digital format.

For this to happen an image is broken down into dots of individual colours, each one

known as a______________. Each pixel is assigned a ______________. If there are few pixels,

they will be ______________therefore the image will appear blocky and crude. The more

pixels contained in an image the ______________it becomes as more colours can be used

with a better transition between each colour. This is known as picture______________. Up

to ______________ different shades of red, blue and green can be displayed giving a total

of ______________possible colours.

Metadata is ________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

It may include ______________________________________________________________________

Without the metadata the computer would not be able to reconstruct the image correctly

Extension task:

The colours of an image file using a 2-bit colour depth are defined in binary as 00 (white), 01 (red) 10 (green) and 11 (blue).

Colour the images below using this set of data

11

11 00 01 00 11 11 00 11 11

17

00 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 10 10 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 10 10 10 00 0000 00 00 00 00 10 10 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 0000 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 0000 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 00 0011 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1111 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11

Page 18: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

11 00 01 01 01 00 00 01 00 0011 00 01 01 01 00 01 01 01 0011 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 0011 00 00 01 10 10 01 01 00 1111 11 00 01 10 10 01 00 11 1111 00 01 01 01 01 01 01 00 1111 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 0011 01 01 01 01 00 01 01 00 0011 00 01 01 00 11 00 01 00 11

Sound

Draw an example analogue and digital sound wave below

Analogue sound Digital sound

Define: An analogue sound is…

An example is…

Define: A digital sound is…

An example is..

The conversion from analogue sound into digital sound is called _____________

Below is an analogue sound wave. Read the graph every 1 interval to complete the table, and redraw it as a digital wave

Interval Measurement Interval Measurement1 62 73 84 95 10

18

Page 19: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

Time

Amlit

ude

Draw the digital signal here.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

What is sample rate? ________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

How does the sample rate effect -

a) The quality of the sound file ____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

19

Page 20: Web viewKey Word: Definition; Denary/Decimal. Base 10. Binary. Base 2. Bit. Nibble. Byte. Kilobyte. Megabyte. Gigabyte. Terabyte. Hexadecimal. ASCII. Unicode

Representation of Data in Computer Systems

b) The size of the file ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

What is bitrate? ___________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

How does the bit rate effect –

a) The quality of the sound file ____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

b) The size of the file ____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20