134 135Rikard Marasović, Dječje lječilište, Krvavica Rikard Marasović, Children's Health Resort, Krvavica

Perje na buri

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Damir Fabijanić (df)Dinko Peračić (dp)

Feathersin the Bora

Miranda Veljačić

‘…ruševina ‘propuh’ stanja nalazi se i u Krvavici, malom pi-toresknom mjestu udaljenom od Makarske 3 km zapadno. Ovaj objekt nekad je bio vojni hotel, a mislim da je danas u vlasništvu Cluba Adriatic. Dakle, u maloj šumici na samoj plaži nalazi se ovaj, kružno kao svemirski tanjur arhitekton-ski riješen nekadašnji hotel. Tablu recepcije sam pronašao u jednoj sobi, a objekt ću upamtiti po tome što je prepun perja. Perja na sve strane.’¹

¶ Mjesto Krvavica podno masiva Biokova 60-ih godina posta-la je ‘domaćinom’ vrlo vrijednog arhitektonskog ostvarenja

– Dječjeg pomorskog lječilišta vojnih osiguranika autora Ri-karda Marasovića. ¶ Objekt je smješten u neposrednoj blizini plaže od kamenih oblutaka, u velikoj zaštićenoj pošumljenoj zoni. Svojom postavom koristi prednosti terena i pozicioni-ra se u skladu njegovim datostima. Prostori ‘dječjeg svijeta’ spram prostora ‘svijeta odraslih’ formiraju osnovnu strukturu kuće, čine splet odnosa, preklapanja i iznenađenja. ¶ Istaknuto prema moru razvija se sklop ‘dječjeg svijeta’. Njegov ustroj sasvim je neočekivan, inventivan i duhovit, sa rafiniranim prostorima, doživljajima i mjerilom. ¶ Dominatno obilježje dječjeg bloka čini lebdeći kružni volumen visoko podignut nad prizemljem u kojem su smještene sobe stacionara lječilišta za djecu. ¶ Lebdeći prsten položen je na prizemni volumen tlocrtnog ‘L’ oblika koji objedinjuje društvene prostore, kan-tinu, sobe za dnevni boravak, igraonice i TV salu. Sistemom velikih višekrilnih vrata svi se ti prostori mogu povezati i do-datno proširiti na vanjski prostor. Postav ovog volumena jed-nostavno ali izuzetno prostorno dojmljivo dijeli prizemlje na

‘A ruin of a ‘draught’ condition may also be found in Krvavica, a small picturesque village three kilometres west of Makarska. The facility used to be a military hotel, and I think that today it is owned by Club Adriatic. This former hotel, architectur-ally circular as a flying saucer, is situated in a small forest on the beach. I found a reception desk table in one of the rooms, and I shall remember the facility by the fact that it was full of feathers. Feathers all over the place.’¹

¶The village of Krvavica under the Biokovo massif became the ‘host’ of a very valuable architectural achievement in the 1960s: the Children’s Maritime Health Resort of Military Insured Per-sons by architect Rikard Marasović. ¶The facility is situated in the immediate vicinity of a pebble beach, in a large protected wooded area. With its arrangement it exploits the advantages of the terrain and it is positioned according to its features. The areas of the ‘children’s world’ against the spaces of the ‘world of adults’ form the basic structure of the building, they make a web of relations, overlapping and surprises. ¶A complex of

‘children’s world’ is developed toward the sea. Its organization is quite unexpected, inventive and ingenious with refined spa-ces, experiences and scale. ¶A levitating circular volume raised high above the ground floor creates the dominant feature of the children’s block, in which the rooms of the children’s in-patient clinic are situated. ¶The hovering ring is placed on the ground floor volume of the L-shape layout which unites social premises, a canteen, living rooms, playrooms and a TV room. All spaces may be mutually connected and additionally exten-ded to the outer space by the system of large multi-winged

1 np Unofficial Tribute To Black Sabbath VA – In These Black Days. A fragment from the discussion ‘Anti tourism of MA Riviera’ at http://sickofitall.blog.hr

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1 np Unoffical Tribute To Black Sabbath VA – In These Black Days Ulomak iz rasprave ‘Anti turizam MA rivijere’ na http://sickofitall.blog.hr

Rikard Marasović, Dječje lječilište, Krvavica, Hrvatska, 1961.

Rikard Marasović, Children's Health Resort, Krvavica, Croatia, 1961

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zapadni ulazni prostor i istočnu terasu s vrtom. Njegov krov služi kao terasa na razini stacionara kako bi najmanja djeca, koju valja posebno kontrolirati, nesmetano provodila vrijeme na otvorenom. ¶ Podjela prostora prizemlja ispod kružnog volumena ključni je element projekta. Ona odvaja prostor kretanja, cirkulacije, ulaza i kontakta s mjestom od prostora boravka, igre, parka, plaže i usmjerenih vizura. Ulaznim pro-storom dominira dvokraka rampa koja, zaobljena u isječku kružnog tlocrta, dinamično povezuje prizemlje s katom. Upra-vo ta dimenzija zračnog međuprostora stvara reprezentativni karakter ustanove. Svojom geometrijski preciznom linijom

doors. The arrangement of this volume divides the ground floor into the western entrance area and the eastern terrace with a garden in a simple but spatially impressive way. Its roof serves as a terrace at the level of the in-patient clinic, so that small children under special control could freely spend time in the open. ¶The division of the ground floor area under the circular volume is the key element of the project. It divides the area of movement, circulation, entrance and contact from the area of sojourn, playing, park, beach and oriented views. A two-

rampa koja se nastavlja na kružni hodnik – galeriju soba unosi novu dimenziju posebne atrakcije za djecu, prostor za igru i druženje. Prostori koje formiraju uzdignuti volumen i park koji on obavija stvaraju sjenovite ambijente ugodne za bora-vak djece, brišući granice prirodnog i artificijelnog ambijenta šume u kojoj se nalaze. ¶ Sobe su organizirane u jedinicama od po 12 kreveta u dvije odvojene prostorije između kojih se nalazi soba dežurnog osoblja, kupaonice i predprostor. Svaki sklop ima svoju terasu u razini krošnji stabala. Svi prostori su direktno zračeni, dok same spavaonice imaju dvostruko osvjetljenje i zračenje. Takav presjek omogućava ‘da svaka jedinica ma na kojem se dijelu prstena nalazila hvata sunce i može se zaštititi od udara vjetra ma iz kojeg smjera dolazio’. ² Drugi važan zahtjev koji je riješen presjekom je zahtjev da se objekt približi mjerilu ambijenta igrom krovnih ploha i uskla-đenjem visina i veličina pojedinih elemenata lječilišta. Kruna razigranih krovnih volumena s donje strane je smirena ujed-načenom zaobljenom plohom koju nose centralno postavljeni stupovi konusnog presjeka. Na taj način cijeli volumen stoji konzolno na obje strane, što pojačava dojam ‘lebdenja’. ¶ Sje-verni dio sklopa dijelom je ukopan u teren koji je u nagibu te je formiran prilazni park koji prelazi preko njegovih krovova.

arm ramp dominates the entrance area, which dynamically connects the ground floor with the first floor in the circular layout segment. This dimension of airy inter-space creates a representative character of the institution. The ramp, which continues to the circular corridor – gallery of rooms, brings a new dimension with its geometrically precise line, as a parti-cular attraction for children, the playing area and the area for keeping company. The areas formed by the elevated volume and the park encircling it create a distinctive shady atmosp-here which is pleasant for children, erasing the borders of the natural and artificial atmosphere of the forest in which it is situated. ¶Rooms are organized in 12-bed units in two sepa-rate rooms with a room for the staff on duty, lavatories and a fore-room in between. Each set has its own terrace at tree-top level. All areas are directly ventilated, while the bedrooms are lighted and ventilated from two sides. Such intersection of bedrooms enables ‘that each unit catches the light no matter on which part of the ring it is situated and may be protected from the gusts of wind no matter from which direction it is blowing’². A second important requirement solved by the intersection is getting the facility closer to the scale of the ambience through the play of roof surfaces and by harmoni-

2 Quotation by author Rikard Marasović

Arhiv Gradski muzej Makarska

Archiv The Makarska Municipal Museum

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2 Citat autora Rikarda Marasovića

138 139oris, broj 50, godina 2008 oris, number 50, year 2008 Rikard Marasović, Dječje lječilište, Krvavica Rikard Marasović, Children's Health Resort, Krvavica

U tom dijelu smješteni su svi servisni prostori: tehnički, me-dicinski, skladišni gospodarski kao i stanovi osoblja. Dva niska bloka servisnih funkcija formiraju gospodarsku ulicu, preko koje su povezani mostom. ¶ Niski ukopani blok završava če-tverokatnom stambenom zgradom za osoblje bolnice. ¶ Ad-ministrativno-upravni dio objekta sa suprotne strane sadrži prijemni odjel, ambulantu, upravu i kuhinjski blok. Osoblje ima vlastite komunikacije unutar objekta, vlastiti ulaz s natkri-venim trijemom i odvojene linije kretanja. Struktura i mjerilo gospodarskog dijela, obrade i artikulacija njegovih prostora u arhitektonskom i funkcionalnom smislu predstavlja poznati i očekivani prostor lječilišta i ‘svijeta odraslih’. ¶ Sve navede-ne prostorne kvalitete sintetizirane su u jedinstveno puto-vanje kroz vrhunsku arhitekturu. Decentan postav na obali, blago odmaknut od plaže i skriven u šumi, dinamična spirala kretanja koja sve prostore čini aktivnima,’ lebdeća’ struktu-ra sa otvorenim prostorom u sredini koja rastvara volumen

omogućavajući njegovo povezivanje sa prirodom, inventivna konstrukcija i iznad svega suptilan odgovor na imaginaciju dječjeg svijeta čine ovaj objekt izuzetnim primjerom skladnog i organičnog odnosa arhitekture, pejzaža i sadržaja koji kuća udomljuje. ¶ Dugo je vojska strogo kontrolirala lječilište te je ono bilo nedostupno za mještane i turiste Krvavice. A isto je tako bilo skriveno arhitektonskom interesu i izvan njegovog fokusa. Sličnu sudbinu imali su i brojni drugi vojni objekti koji su se pojavili u javnosti tek demilitarizacijom vojnih struktura. Tim činom vojska je prepustila lokalnim zajednicama, fondo-vima za privatizaciju i javnim institucijama opus izuzetnih arhitektonskih ostvarenja. U vremenu tranzicije i odbacivanja nasljeđa socijalističkog društva ta izuzetna djela redom su de-vastirana. Isto se dogodilo i Vitićevim domovima armije, kao i vojnim hotelima, odmaralištima i upravnim zgradama drugih autora. ¶ Bivše Dječje pomorsko lječilište sa svojim uništenim inventarom, razbacanim krevetima, devastiranom staklenom

zing the heights and sizes of particular elements of the heal-th resort. The crown of playful roof volumes from the lower side is calmed by a homogeneous rounded surface carried by centrally placed pillars of conical intersection. Thus the entire volume stands like a console on both sides emphasizing the impression of ‘hovering’. ¶The northern part of the complex is partly dug into the terrain which is inclined, and an acce-ss park is formed passing over its roofs. All service facilities, technical, medicinal and storage premises, outbuildings and staff apartments are situated in this part. Two low blocks of service premises form the outbuildings street, connected by a bridge. ¶A low dug-in block ends in a four-storey building for the hospital staff. ¶The administration and management part of the facility on the opposite side includes the admissions de-partment, a clinic, the management and a kitchen block. The staff has its own communications within the facility, its own entrance with a roofed porch and separate movement lines.

The structure and scale of the outbuildings, the treatment and articulation of their spaces, in the architectural and functio-nal sense, represent a familiar and expected area of a health resort and ‘the world of adults’. ¶All the mentioned spatial qualities have been synthesized into a unique journey through supreme architecture. A decent arrangement on the coast, slightly shifted away from the beach and hidden in the forest, a dynamic loop of movement which makes all spaces active, a ‘levitated’ structure with an open space in the middle which opens the volume gradually enabling its connection with na-ture, an inventive construction and above all a subtle response to the imagination of a child’s world, make this building an exceptional example of a harmonious and organic relationship between architecture, landscape and the content housed by the building. ¶For a long time the health resort was strictly controlled by the military and inaccessible to villagers and tourists of Krvavica. It was also hidden and out of the focus of architectural interest. Numerous other military facilities had a similar destiny, which appeared in the public only after the demilitarization of military structures. Thus the military ceded an opus of extraordinary architectural achievements to local communities, privatization funds and public institutions. During the transitional period and rejection of the heritage of the socialist society, these exceptional works were devastated. The same thing happened to Vitić’s military culture centres, also to military hotels, summer resorts and administration buildings by other architects. ¶The former Children’s Mari-time Health Resort with its destroyed inventory, scattered beds, and a devastated glass shell was left to deteriorate and

perspektiva

perspective drawing

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140 141oris, broj 50, godina 2008 oris, number 50, year 2008 Rikard Marasović, Dječje lječilište, Krvavica Rikard Marasović, Children's Health Resort, Krvavica

presjek

section

karakteristična jedinica dječjih soba

characteristic unit – children's room

tlocrt 1. kata

1st floor plan

tlocrt prizemlja

ground floor plan

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142 143oris, broj 50, godina 2008 oris, number 50, year 2008 Rikard Marasović, Dječje lječilište, Krvavica Rikard Marasović, Children's Health Resort, Krvavica

ovojnicom prepušteno je propadanju i iščekuje rušenje. Uni-šteni dijelovi namještaja terasa, opreme za plažu i sandoline govore o vremenu luksuza koji je pripadao najmlađima i bole-snima. ¶ Nošeno znamenitom makarskom burom, perje dječ-jih jastuka danas putuje kružnim rampama i hodnicima, dok gradnja bivšeg dječjeg lječilišta iščekuje neizvjesnu sudbinu svjedočeći o vremenu kada su socijalna osjetljivost i arhitek-tonska ambicija predstavljali samorazumljive sinonime.

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it is waiting to be demolished. Devastated pieces of furnitu-re from terraces, the beach equipment and canoes speak of the time of luxury which belonged to the youngest and the sick. ¶Carried by the famous Makarska bora, released feathers from children’s pillows travel today across circular ramps and corridors, while the building of the former children’s health resort is waiting for its uncertain destiny testifying of a time when social sensibility and architectural ambition represented self-explanatory synonyms.

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Zahvaljujemo Nikoli Radeljkoviću na vrijednim informacijama o objektu, Mari Bošković-Marasović na upoznavanju s radom Rikarda Marasovića, Vinku Peračiću na trudu za pronalazak dokumentacije, Građevinskom odjelu MORH-a u Lori.

We wish to thank Nikola Radeljković for valuable information about the facility, Mara Bošković-Marasović for getting us acquainted with the work of Rikard Marasović, Vinko Peračić for his effort to find the documents, the Building Department of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia in Lora.