Global Grand Challenges

We know how to solve all these problems...

Shhh… I don’t have time. My favorite TV show starts now…

Global Grand Challenges

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What got me started

How to get energy out of this ball

10 billion neutrons per second = 1E10 n/s+

Where to get the neutrons

Loss< 15% of the neutrons

300 billion neutrons / second

Spent Nuclar Fuel

300.000 ton world wide that we have to find a solution for....

Spent Nuclear Fuel

Copenhagen Atomics Solution

• Wasteburner – 100.000 years to 300 years• Mass production on assembly line• Plutonium to start Thorium Breeder• Thorium to burn out actinides• MSR safety• MSR – proven technology• MSR – chemical seperation• MSR size – possible in 40 foot shipping container

Plant Design Work In Progress

Airlock

Airlock

Air Intake

Air Exhaust

Brayton cycle turbine

2 power shafts

2 storage shafts

1 fuel processing shafts

Dump tank

Copenhagen Atomics Wasteburner

Airlock

Air Exhaust

800 ton concrete lid

Dump tank

Copenhagen Atomics Wasteburner

Airlock

What worries me

0.00E+00

2.00E+11

4.00E+11

6.00E+11

8.00E+11

1.00E+12

1.20E+12

1.40E+12

1.60E+12

1.80E+12

2.00E+12

Military Crude Oil & Gas import Automotive

Total global spending (USD 2012)

$5

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$5

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$4

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Very Secure Operating System

Purpose

• Nuclear Power Plants

• Self driving cars

• Budy implants

• Drones – Quardcopters

• Including large fleets of the above, under public influence and supervision.

8 Requirements

• Very unlikely that unit looses self control• Secure from external attacks and backdoors• Secure from hardware failures• Open Source to build trust• Update secure

– can handle power failure during update etc.

• Robust against software errors• Able to provide exact timeboxing of events• Scale well from body implants to nuclear power

plants

Request For Comments

Internet

VSOS for one unit

CPU and mem for read only access

CCU

ACL

Read

Webservices

Upload

Update must be signed by two different private keys and uploaded twice. Update will happen e.g. 24 hours after upload.

Other Systems

CCU• Change state• Change speed• Etc.

*CCU = Central Control Unit

2x CPU & 1x ECC mem

CCU Requirements

• Dual Hardware for Central Control Unit (CCU)– Both connected to same ECC memory bank for fast swap

• Watch dog timers for master/slave swap

• Periodic master/slave swap, eg. every 24 hours

• Top level control is well defined state machine– Current state is available via read controller at all times

• Code which is executed in each state can proprietary, top level state machine shall be public to gain trust

• State changes controlled by hw/sw interrupts

• CCU will also update read controller and BIOS

Plan

• Setup a first meeting and a group

• Create an official Request for Comments (RFC)

• Submit RFC to IETF and other review orgs

• Update based on feedback

• Write MVP and test and release on Github

• Write academic paper and submit for journal and confrence

• Public release of version 1

Denmark is doing very well

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita

Wikipedia: List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita