R K SinghDirector (UT), MoUD

Ministry of Urban Development’s initiatives on Transit Oriented Development (TOD),

Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) and Public Bicycle Sharing (PBS)

Mumbai, 1910 Calcutta, 1930

Where we started…• Urban areas were based around compact, mixed use, walkable communities

• Human scaled mixed use buildings, and active street frontages

Where we have reached…

New DelhiChennai

• We embraced automobiles and planned around them.

• Success was measured by how efficiently roads worked.

Where we are headed…

Gurgaon Naya Raipur

• New cities are also planned for the automobile as a “symbol of development”, • rapid population growth, increased automobile ownership has led to great mobility challenges• Crumbling infrastructure systems which continue to define the image and quality of life in Indian cities.

Population (Lakh) Trip Rate Total Trip NMT (%) NMT Trip (Lakh)7.50 1.1 8.25 50 4.1

15.00 1.3 19.5 43 8.430.00 1.4 42 42 17.660.00 1.6 96 35 33.680.00 1.8 144 30 43.2

Source: Study MoUD, 2008Estimated Trips (2021)

Significant proportion of Non-Motorized Trips (NMT) is anticipated

Past Trend of Cycle Share

1980 1990 2000 20070

1020304050

Nagpur Delhi Bhubneswar Indore AhmedabadCy

cle

Sha

re (%

)

Significant reduction in cycle share over period of time

NMT Scenario in India

Existing DesirableNasty and encroached

Open Drainage

Clean , comfortable and well connected

Issues – Lack of Adequate Infrastructure

Conventional planning approaches have focused on vehicular movement over people movement

Opportunities for Indian cities

Janmarg, Ahmedabad

Raahgiri

Cycling Delhi Cycle Tracks

• We need to return to planning cities around people.

• India has an opportunity to get it right the first time & avoid the mistakes made elsewhere in planning

Source: ITDP

Under Sustainable Urban Transport Project (SUTP), an initiative of MoUD to build capacity of government officials at national, state and local level, Guidance documents for Non-motorized Transportation, Public Bike Sharing, Transit-oriented Development has been developed.

OBJECTIVES• Enhance capacity in implementing plans

for Non-motorized Transportation, Public Bike Sharing, Transit-oriented Development

• Develop Guidance Documents (GDs) and Conduct Workshops

• Prepare City-specific Plans to test the GDs in consultation with cities

Capacity Building Workshops

• National-level Workshops

• Increase awareness on the three emerging concepts of TOD, NMT & PBS

• Select demonstration cities for City Specific Plans

• City Specific capacity building workshops to increase awareness of policy leaders, decision makers and consultants.

• TOD- Mumbai | Bhopal

• NMT- Visakhapatnam | Aizawl

• PBS- Gurgaon | Vadodara

• Capacity Building workshops with students at School of Planning and Architecture to have a clear base for making better cities.

Capacity Building Workshops

• Streamline the process of planning in the country

• Avoid duplication of effort by individual governments/ municipalities

• Sensitive to contextual variations and on-ground realities

• Applicability at various scales

• Flexible standard for development of Greenfield areas & redevelopment of infill areas

How will the Guidance Document help cities- HOW?

TOD Guidance Document

UNDERSTANDING TOD …

high densities + tall buildings

• Densification is not the end goal.• Combination of mixed-use with a high focus on accessibility and liveability.

METRO CASH AND CARY

UNDERSTANDING TOD …

Isolated developments

• Development and transit are inclusive elements of TOD.

• Maximize densities within TOD, in order to facilitate maximum number of people walking or

cycling, or feeder services easily to access public transit facility.

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT INCLUDES: SCALES OF TOD

Successful TODs are a result of coordinated planning policies implemented consistently at varying geographic scales- regional, city, corridor, neighbourhood, and site - over a time period of 10-20 years.

TOD

PR

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IPLE

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NMT & PBS Guidance Document

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT INCLUDES: DEFINING NMT & PBS

What is Non-Motorized Transportation?

NMT includes all the non-motorized modes of transportation – walking, cycling, cycle rickshaw (both passenger and goods), four wheel vendor Cart, and even tricycles used by differently abled persons.

Types of NMT Modes

• Need based bicycle availability for multiple users on a sharing basis

• Commonly used for short trips (0-5 kms)

• Multiple pick-up & drop-off options• Offers last mile connectivity to public

transit • Technology enabled system for easier

access & tracking

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT INCLUDES: DEFINING NMT & PBS

What is PBS?

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT INCLUDES: WHO ARE WE PLANNING FOR?• Needs of the pedestrians and cyclists compete with conflicting demands - hawkers, parked cars &

motorcycles

• Lack of traffic lights and regulated crossings

“ If you plan cities for cars and traffic, you get cars and traffic. If you plan for people and places, you get people and places.”

Fred Kent, Project for Public Spaces

Challenges of increasing motorization

Congestion | Increased commute times | Accidents | Poor environment | Poor quality of life

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT INCLUDES: WHO ARE WE PLANNING FOR?

GUIDANCE DOCUMENT CONVEYS that :

1. Land use patterns significantly dictate mobility patterns. Compact mixed land use patterns encourage shorter trips by NMT.

2. Multi-modal integration allows the flexibility of using different transport modes for different portions of a trip depending upon reach and availability

3. Complete Streets design which takes into account not only equitable distribution of road space but also focuses on safety and security of all users

4. Universal design principles to ensure barrier-free movement for all types of NMT users, including infant prams, children, physically or cognitively impaired pedestrians

5. Well-connected NMT networks facilitate more options, shorter trips and shorter travel times,

CicloRuta Bogotá through low income neighbourhood, Source: ITDP, China

Bicycle lane in Netherlands well defined using pavers, Source: Photo credits Wim Mulder

Temporary Street Closure at Madison Square, Source: NYC DOT

NM

T PR

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PBS

PRIN

CIP

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• Visionary, yet realistic

• Draw on best practices, but recognize unique local challenges & conditions

• Applicable at a range of scales, including large city-regions, medium-sized & smaller-sized cities & towns

• Flexible standard for development of Greenfield areas & redevelopment of infill areas

• Monitoring mechanism for gauging success factors

TOD+ NMT+PBS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT OUTCOMES

Overall Integration of TOD, NMT & PBS is important. GOI recognizes this and is currently in process of

finalizing a National TOD Policy

THANK YOU