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MINIATURE WORLD: AN EMULATION PLATFORM
FOR LARGE-SCALE NETWORKS
Computer Science Department, Cornell UniversityMay 17th, 2016
Adem Efe Gencer
IC3
Blockchain Technology1
Promise to revolutionize Fintech
Trustless auditability
Innovative use-cases
Scalability and efficiency barriers✗
Evaluating Blockchain Protocols2
What is the state-of-the-art
for the evaluation of
blockchain proposals?
EVALUATION BY DISCUSSION
Evaluation by Discussion3
Technical Tradeoffs
Evaluation by Discussion3
Technical Tradeoffs
Potential Economic Impacts
Evaluation by Discussion3
Technical Tradeoffs
Potential Economic Impacts
Individual Preferences
Evaluation by Discussion3
Technical Tradeoffs
Potential Economic Impacts
Individual Preferences
Concerns
Evaluation by Discussion3
Technical Tradeoffs
Potential Economic Impacts
Individual Preferences
Concerns
*My proposal is better than yours!
*
Evaluation by Discussion4
𝟏𝐌𝐁
2009
𝑡
Evaluation by Discussion4
* BIPs 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, …
849 discussions
65 threads
#bitcoin-dev:
𝟏𝐌𝐁
Reparameterization Debate*2009
𝑡
Evaluation by Discussion4
Reparameterization Debate*
𝟏𝐌𝐁
2009 Today
𝟏𝐌𝐁
* BIPs 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, …
849 discussions
65 threads
#bitcoin-dev:
𝑡
EVALUATION BY RELEASING
Evaluation by Releasing5
: Alternate cryptocurrencies
: Custom testnets
EVALUATION ON THE PAPER
Evaluation on the Paper6
: Better signatures
: More efficient use of blocks
…
✗
Challenges7
Reaching a consensus
Providing a representative environment
Risk-free evaluation
Evaluation under different scenarios and
constraints
MINIATURE WORLD
Miniature World8
Actual
Code
Miniature World8
MINIATURE
WORLD
Actual
Code
Large-scale
Emulation
Miniature World8
Efficient
Actual
Code
Large-scale
Emulation
MINIATURE
WORLD
Experience with Bitcoin-NG 9
1K × : 15% the size of the Bitcoin system
: Latency data from measurements
: Verification* of characteristics
* Decker and Wattenhofer ‘13
Miniature World10
RealisticEfficient
Actual
Code
Large-scale
Emulation
MINIATURE
WORLD
Measurement and Characterization of
Bitcoin Network11
: P2P Latency
: Bandwidth
: Temporal and event-driven variations
: Protocol-level traffic
Miniature World12
RealisticEfficient
EffectiveActual
Code
Large-scale
Emulation
MINIATURE
WORLD
Metrics for Blockchain Protocols13
Consensus Delay
Fairness
Mining Power
Utilization
Security
Efficiency
Time to Win &
Time to Prune
Miniature World14
Actual
Code
Clear
Metrics
Large-scale
Emulation
MINIATURE
WORLD
Conclusion15
A principled way of
evaluating proposals
Full control over: latency, bandwidth, traffic
Large-scale setup based on measurement and
characterization of existing network
Custom metrics for blockchain protocols
Mining Power Utilization
✗…
…
( + )
✗
𝑡
Measure of robustness against rollback
Fairness
Measure of robustness against centralization
…
mined blocks* in main chain
%
%
%
%
%
%… …
*Sorted
Fairness
Measure of robustness against centralization
…
%
%
%
%
%
%… …
*Sorted
Actual
presence
Fair
presence
mined blocks* in main chain
Fairness
Measure of robustness against centralization
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐹𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒