minerals
DESCRIPTION
Let’s Review…. Minerals. Mineral Identification. Mineral Definition:. Naturally occurring Solid Orderly crystal structure Definite chemical composition 5. Inorganic. How Minerals Form (4 Major Processes). Crystallization of Magma. 2. Precipitation (evaporated H 2 O). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Minerals
Let’s Review…
Mineral Identification
Mineral Definition:
1.Naturally occurring2.Solid3.Orderly crystal structure4.Definite
chemical composition
5. Inorganic
How Minerals Form(4 Major Processes)
1.Crystallization of Magma
2. Precipitation (evaporated H2O)
3. High Pressure & Temperature
4. Hydrothermal Solutions
Rocks
Rock Cycle DrawingDraw, label, and color a diagram of the rock cycle.
Make sure that you include all of the following terms…
Types of Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, MetamorphicIngredients: Magma, SedimentsProcesses: 1. Weathering & erosion 2. heat & pressure3. melting 4. cooling 5. compaction & cementation
What’s the difference between weathering &
erosion?
rock
Weathering the breaking down of rocks at
Earth’s surface
Erosion – the transportation of weathered
material by wind, water, ice, or other agent.
Rocks • Naturally occurring solid material
made of one or more minerals• Grouped into 3 main types, based
on the way it was formed• Types of Rocks Brain Pop
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
IGNEOUS ROCKS
•Formed from magma that cools and hardens
•“Fire Formed”
Fact:
•75% of Earth’s surface is
sedimentary rock!
How Sedimentary Rocks are made:
1. Weathering:Existing rocks are broken down by chemical or physical means to create sediments.
2. Erosion: sediments are removed by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
3. Deposition: erosion energy becomes too weak to carry the sediments and they are “dropped”.
4. Compaction: Pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks.
5. Cementation: sediments are joined together (cemented) by minerals dissolved in water.
6. Strata :Layers of sediments go through the process and a rock forms over time.
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphism:• Changing of one type of rock in to
another due to - 1. Tremendous heat2. Great pressure3. Chemical reactions ( a change in
composition of minerals)
The Rock Cycle
Rock Cycle Brain Pop
IGNEOUS ROCKS: 2 types
• Intrusive rocks:– formed deep within Earth
–Magma “intrudes” into existing rock
• Extrusive rocks:– formed from lava at Earth’s surface
–Lava cools quickly in air
IGNEOUS ROCKS: texture1. Fine grained
2. Coarse grained
3. Glassy4. Porphyritic
Cools fast, small crystals
Cools slow, large crystals
Lava cools rapidly at surface
Minerals cool at different rates
IGNEOUS ROCKS: porphyry(POR-fuh-ree)
• Igneous rock with a mixture of large and small crystals
•Granitic: –Light-colored
–Rich in silica
–Less dense
•Basaltic:–Dark-colored
–Rich in iron–More dense
Igneous Rocks: Compostion
* Major rocks of the crust
Scoria
Igneous Intrusion
Granitic or Basaltic?
Oldest layers on the bottom
Youngest layers on the top
Sedimentary rocks usually form in water
•Ripple marks and mud cracks
Sedimentary Rocks: Classified by
• Composition• Texture• Grain size
Types:1.Clastic2.Organic3.Chemical
1. Clastic Rocks
•Formed by broken pieces or fragments of rock
•Classified according to size and shape of fragments
Clastic RocksConglomerates:• Made of rounded pebbles and
other rocks of different sizes and cemented together by clay, mud ,or sand
• Formed when rivers deposit large pieces of rock
• Pieces of rock rounded by water before deposited
Conglomerate:
Clastic Rocks
Breccia:•Similar to conglomerates, but fragments are sharp and angular
•Not carried far enough by water to round the edges
Breccia:
Clastic Rocks
Sandstone:•Made of small, sand-sized grains•Very common•Resistant to wear and decay•Used to make buildings
Sandstone:
Clastic Rocks
Mudrock: •Formed from small particles of clay•Example: shale
shale
shale
2. Organic Rock
•Formed directly or indirectly from material that used to be living
Fossils often preserved in sedimentary rocks
Organic Rock
Fossilized Limestone:•Shells from dead animals (containing calcium carbonate) that sink to bottom of ocean floor
Limestone:
Organic Rock
Chalk:•Composed of animals and calcium carbonate that have been pressed together
Chalk
Organic Rock
Coal:•Rock formed from plants that lived millions of years ago
3. Chemical Rock
•Formed by chemical means that do not involve any living organisms
•Can occur through evaporation or chemical action
Chemical Rock
Limestone: •Formed directly from ocean water instead of organisms
Chemical Limestone:
Chemical Rock
Rock salt:•Natural form of common table salt •Ex: Halite
Chemical Rock
Rock gypsum:
Contact Metamorphism• Occurs when rocks are heated by contact
with magma or lava• Covers a small area
Types of Metamorphism:
Types of Metamorphism:
2. Regional Metamorphism:• Occurs when rocks are buried
deep beneath Earth’s surface and changed by increase in temperature and pressure
• Covers a large area
Metamorphic Rock: Classification
1. Foliated Texture:Mineral crystals arranged in parallel layers or bands (flatten under pressure)
Slate Shale
Foliated Texture:
Gneiss
Granite
Foliated Texture:
phyllite:
Foliated Texture:
gneiss:
Metamorphic Rock: Classification
2. Unfoliated Texture:• No bands of crystals • Don’t break in layers• Most contain only one mineral
Unfoliated Texture:
Marble
Limestone
Calcite crystals
quartzite
Unfoliated Texture:
COOKIES ROCK!! LAB1. Vanilla
Wafer
2. Chocolate Chip
3. Fudge Stripe
4. Sugar Wafer
• Igneous• Sedimentary• Metamorphic
For Each Cookie:
1)Name of Cookie
2)Characteristics
3)Rock Type
4)Why did you choose this?