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TRANSCRIPT
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Statistical Division
Millennium Development Goals
Poverty and Gender
UNECE
Workshop on Gender statistics
Geneva, 17-18 March 2014
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 2
Content
Millennium Development Goals
Poverty & Gender and MDGs in UNECE
Region
Gender and MDGs in UNECE Region
Challenges & Lessons Learned from
monitoring MDGs in UNECE Region
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 3
Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs)
Millennium Declaration adopted by the
General Assembly in September 2000 at the
Millennium Summit
Main output: Initiation of the MDGs
Largest international effort to reduce poverty
8 Goals set with 21 time-bound and quantified targets
Indicators to monitor progress (130+)
Base year: situation in 1990, deadline 2015
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 4
8 Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 5
MDGs: Integrated framework of
development
Multidimensional approach: Integrated framework stressing the interrelation between the various Goals & Target
E.g. Poverty reduction: gender equality education and labour market productivity growth poverty reduction
MDG 1 on Poverty, MDG 3 on Gender, but also mainstreaming in other MDGs:
• Indicators & reporting by sex
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 6
Goal 1 - Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger:
Target 1.A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day
Target 1.B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
Target 1.C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Global Goals and Targets, but to do be Adapted to national situation
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 7
UNECE MDG Database
UNECE MDG Database:
• Official national and international data for monitoring
MDGs
• Additional indicators and disaggregated data used in
UNECE region
• All metadata available provided
Non-developed countries:
• 2000: 29 (9 low, 14 lower-middle, 6 upper-middle)
• 2013: 21 (2 low, 6 lower-middle, 13 upper-middle)
• High: 2000 – 20, 2013 – 30 (MDG 8)
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 8
Official poverty indicators and
coverage in National MDG monitoring:
1.01 Population below $1.25 (PPP) per day
• 29% (at least 3 data points: 25%)
1.02 Poverty gap ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP)
• 21% (at least 3: 13%)
1.03 Poorest quintile's share in national
income or consumption
• 50% (at least 3: 50%)
National poverty line: 100% (at least 3:
97%)
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 9
Additional indicators used
frequently for MDG Target 1a
National Poverty Lines: 29 (100%): •Relative national poverty line: 18 (62%)
•Basic needs based national poverty line: 14 (48%)
• Food basket based national poverty line: 11 (38%)
• $4.30 or $5.00 (PPP) per day: 7 (24%)
•Unspecified national poverty line, unspecified : 7 (24%)
Income poorest quintile to the income of the richest quintile 6 (21%)
Gini coefficient 13 (45%) N=29
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 10
Gender component in Poverty:
Collected at household level (consumption at household level) • only single and single headed households can
make the difference
• Share in total household consumption by sex difficult to measure, share in income could be sign of vulnerability to or at-risk-of poverty
MDG 1 also: • Employment-to-population ratio & Own-account and
contributing family workers in total employment
• Underweight children & Population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 11
Additional indicators MDG Target
1a, Coverage by sex
National Poverty Lines: 29 (100%): •Relative national poverty line: 18 (62%)
•Basic needs based national poverty line: 14 (48%)
• Food basket based national poverty line: 11 (38%)
• $4.30 or $5.00 (PPP) per day: 7 (24%)
•Unspecified national poverty line, unspecified : 7 (24%)
Income poorest quintile to the income of the richest quintile 6 (21%)
Gini coefficient 13 (45%) N=29
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 12
Additional indicators MDG Target
1a, Coverage by sex
National Poverty Lines: (29), 4 by Sex: •Relative national poverty line: (18) 2 by Sex
•Basic needs based national poverty line: (14) 1 by Sex
• Food basket based national poverty line: (11) 2 by Sex
• $4.30 or $5.00 (PPP) per day: (7) 1 by Sex
•Unspecified national poverty line, unspecified: (7)
Income poorest quintile to the income of the richest quintile (6) 0 by sex
Gini coefficient (13) 0 by sex N=29
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 13
Coverage of MDG indicators in
National Reporting ECE region
Most Indicators have very low coverage:
• Indicators: Countries:
6 per cent >75%
8 per cent 50-75%
10 per cent 25-50%
65 per cent < 25%
31 per cent < 10%
N=29 countries
Not always according to internationally recommended definition and/or methodology
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 14
Gender and other MDG indicators
in UNECE MDG database
104 MDG Indicators refer to
persons/population, of which:
• 6 sex ratio or share females
• 30 also available by sex
• 13 female-only indicators
22 do not have person as unit
However, data coverage limited for data by
sex
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 15
Coverage Sex ratio/share MDG
indicators
2.03.02.0 Women to men parity index, as ratio of literacy rates, 15-24 years old
3.01.01.0 Gender Parity Index in primary level enrolment
3.01.02.0 Gender Parity Index in secondary level enrolment
3.01.03.0 Gender Parity Index in tertiary level enrolment
3.02.01.0 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
3.03.01.0 Seats held by women in national parliament, percentage
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 16
Female-only MDG Indicators
5.01.01.0 Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live births
5.01.02.0 Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 women at fertile age
5.02.01.0 Births attended by skilled health personnel, percentage
5.03.01.0 Current contraceptive use among married women 15-49 years old, any method, percentage
5.03.02.0 Current contraceptive use among married women 15-49 years old, modern methods, percentage
5.03.03.0 Current contraceptive use among married women 15-49 years old, condom, percentage
5.04.01.0 Adolescent birth rate, per 1,000 women
5.05.01.0 Antenatal care coverage, at least one visit, percentage
5.05.02.0 Antenatal care coverage, at least four visits, percentage
5.06.01.0 Unmet need for family planning, total, percentage
5.30.01.0 Abortion rate of women at fertile ages (15-44)
5.30.02.0 Abortion rate among adolescents (15-19)
5.30.03.0 Abortion rate per 1,000 life births
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 17
Coverage Indicators MDG 1 by
Sex 1.01.01.2 Population below $1 (PPP) per day, female, percentage
1.01.31.2 Population below relative national poverty line, female, percentage
1.01.32.2 Population below basic needs based national poverty line, female, percentage
1.01.33.2 Population below the foodbasket based national poverty line, female, percentage
1.01.34.2 Population below social exclusion based national poverty line, female, percentage
1.01.35.2 Population below $4.30 or $5.00 (PPP) per day, female, percentage
1.05.01.2 Employment-to-population ratio, females, percentage
1.07.01.2 Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment, female, percentage
1.08.01.2 Children under 5 moderately or severely underweight, female, percentage
1.08.02.2 Children under 5 severely underweight, female, percentage
1.20.01.2 Youth unemployment rate, aged 15-24, females
1.20.02.2 Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult unemployment rate, females
1.20.03.2 Share of youth unemployed in total unemployed, females
1.20.04.2 Share of youth unemployed in youth population, females
1.31.01.2 Unemployed as a percentage of the labour force, females
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 18
Coverage indicators MDG 2-7 by
Sex 2.01.01.2 Total net enrolment ratio in primary education, females
2.01.30.2 Total Net enrolment ratio in secondary education, females
2.01.31.2 Total Net enrolment ratio in tertiary education, female
2.02.01.2 Percentage of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary, females
2.02.02.2 Primary completion rate, females
2.03.01.2 Literacy rates of 15-24 years old, females, percentage
3.03.02.2 Seats held by women in national parliament
4.01.01.2 Female children under five mortality rate per 1,000 live births
4.02.01.2 Female infant mortality rate (0-1 year) per 1,000 live births
6.01.21.2 HIV prevalence rate, women 15-49 years old
6.01.23.2 HIV incidence rate, women 15-49 years old per 100,000
6.02.01.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex, 15-24 years old, women, percentage
6.03.01.2 Women 15-24 years old with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS, percentage
6.05.01.2 Antiretroviral therapy coverage among females with advanced HIV infection, percentage
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 19
MDG 1.3: Poorest quintile’s share in
national income or consumption (%) 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
Albania na na na na na na na i na na na na 4.9 na i 0.4 na na 1.1 na na na
Azerbaijan na na na na na i na na na na na i n n na na na na 9.3 n n n
Armenia na na na na na na i na na -1 na -1 -1 -0.8 1.4 0.1 -0.2 -1.4 -0.3 n 1.3 n
Bosnia and Herzegovina na na na na na na na na na na n 0.5 na na i na na 0.5 na na na na
Bulgaria na na i na i i na i na na na i na i na na na i na na na na
Belarus na na na i na 1.1 n n 0.8 n 0.8 0.9 0.9 n 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.5 0 0.5 0.4 -0.2
Croatia na na na na na na na na i i i i na na i na na na i na na na
Cyprus na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
Czech Republic na na na i na na i na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
Estonia na na na i na i na na i na i i i i i na na na na na na na
Georgia na na na na na na i i i i 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.3 n i i i i na i na
Hungary na na na i na na na na i i i i i na i na na i na na na na
Kazakhstan na na na i na na i na na na na i i 0.5 0.4 n -0.4 -0.2 0 0.6 n na
Kyrgyzstan na n n 4.4 n n n n -2.6 n n n -3.2 n -2.3 -1.1 -2.7 -3.6 0.4 -0.4 -0.4 i
Latvia na na na i na i i i i na na na i i i na na i i i na na
Lithuania na na na i na na i na i na i i i na i na na na i na na na
Malta na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na
Moldova, Republic of na na i na na na na i i i n -0.2 0 0 -0.1 -0.3 1.3 1 1.7 0.6 0.3 na
Montenegro n na na na na na na na na na n na na na na 0.3 i 0.8 1 na i na
Poland na na i i na na i na i i i i i na i i i i i i i i
Romania na na i na i na na na i na i i i -4.7 -4.6 -4.6 -4.6 -4.4 -4.5 -4.6 i i
Russian Federation n na na i na n 1.7 n n -0.2 n -0.5 -1.2 -1.1 -1.2 -1.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.9 -1.4 na na
Serbia na na na na na na na na na na na na i i i i i i i i i na
Slovakia na na i na na na i na na na na na na na i i i i i i na na
Slovenia na na na i na na na na i na na na i i i na na na na na na na
Tajikistan na na na na na na na na na i na na na i i na na i na i na na
Turkey na na na na 2.7 na na na na na na na 3.7 3.4 3.8 4 3.7 3.4 3.4 na i na
Turkmenistan na na na i na na na na i na na na na na na na na na na na na na
Ukraine na na i na na i i na na i na na i i i i i i i i i na
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia na na na na na na na na i na i na i i i i i na i i i na
Uzbekistan na na na na na na na na i na na na i i na na na na na na na na
UNECE
Statistical Division
Slide 20
Conclusions/Lessons Learned
official monitoring MDGs
Poverty measured at household level, gender best:
• If by household type
• Through Causal or Outcome indicators
• In-depth to reveal confounding factors and gender bias
Indicators:
• Data (core) indicators should be widely available
• Primary data source should exist and be sustainable
• Use international recommended definitions if possible
• Challenge: comparability versus relevance for national policies
Provide (sufficient) metadata