MIGRATION

KEY TERMS:

• Migration • Immigration• Emigration• Push and pull factors

Migration = movement of people from one place to another **migration includes 2 things: immigration & emigration

•Immigration = coming to live permanently in a foreign country“I immigrated to Canada”

•Emigration = leaving one’s home country permanently“I emigrated from Sri Lanka.”

Push & pull factors = factors/issues that cause people to migrate

Emigration Immigration

Push factors are factors that force a person to move or l(to emigrate)

Pull factors = factors that encourage a person to come to a new place (to immigrate)

ACTIVITY

In groups, discuss possible push and pull factors for immigration to Canada:

PUSH PULL• political instability• Lack of education• Fear of persecution/poor

treatment (eg. Hate of tribes)• Lack of safety (eg. Kidnapping,

war, explosions)• Lack of freedom(eg. LGBT

equality)• Racism, discrimination• Lack of gender equality• Natural disasters• Poor economy• Lack of quality healthcare

• Freedom • Multicultural• Marriage(family is in another

country)• Good quality education,

opportunities for studies• Lots of job opportunities• Environment (clean,

hospitable)• High-tech (access to

technology, electricity…etc)• Strong economy• Safety, peace

PUSH PULL• Political instability • War/conflict/lack safety• Lack of jobs• Poor/lack of education• High population and lack of

resources• No religious freedom• Communist country (don’t

agree with the government)• No women’s rights• Corrupt government• Family issues• propaganda

• better education• Peaceful• Secure (eg. Gov. assistance)• Religious freedom• Women have rights• Human rights • Clean environment• Better pay (minimum wage)• Population is not too high• Tolerance

PUSH PULL• Lack of

peace/Unsafe/violence/war• Lack of freedom: speech,

religion, education, political views/right

• Lack of equality: men/women• Low

pay/unemployment/poverty• Political corruption, lack of

justice, terrorism• Social problems: lots of

homeless people, discrimination (LGBT), racism

• .job opportunities, higher pay• Investment opportunities• Education: more options, no

discrimination, access, quality• Environment: clean, healthy• Relationships: respect,

tolerance, diversity• safe• Government: stable,

democracy

Immigration to CanadaCanada accepts 3 classes/groups of immigrants:

•Independent Class: (economic Immigrants) skilled workers, business immigrants•Family Class: spouses, children, parents, grandparents, sometimes siblings•Refugees: people who fear cruel treatment or death in their home country

Historical Immigration Patterns

• Canadian Immigration Patterns

• Immigration to Canada has had periods of boom and bust. These were caused by events that occurred both in Canada and in other countries.

When? What Happened? Why?

1840sArrival of thousands of Irish

settlers

Irish potato crop fails; facing starvation, many Irish move

to Canada and other countries

1905-1914

Massive immigration from Eastern Europe to the

Canadian West

Canadian Government wanted to settle the Prairies;

offered free land and other incentives to immigrants

Historical Immigration Patterns

When? What Happened? Why?

1915-1919

Little immigrationWorld War I and worldwide

influenza epidemic

1930 – 1945

Little immigrationWorldwide economic

depression and World War II

1947-1960

Many Italians come to Canada

World War II devastated Italy; Italians searched for economic opportunities in

Canada

Historical Immigration Patterns

Historical Immigration Patterns

When? What Happened? Why?

1956Many Hungarians come to

Canada

Hungarian revolt against the Russians failed; refugees

fled to Canada to avoid punishment

1980 – 1997

Arrival of thousands of Hong Kong Chinese

Residents of Hong Kong sought political stability

before China took control of Hong Kong in 1997

1980 - 2003

Many people from Afghanistan come to

Canada

Immigrants seek a safe haven from conflicts that

engulfed their country

Historical Immigration PatternsThe percentage of the population that is made up of immigrants (by location):

YT NT

MULTICULTURALISM&

DIVERSITY

(see video – stop at 11:25)

What is multiculturalism?What is diversity?