mighty microgrids - biocycle refor16 presentation
TRANSCRIPT
M I G H T Y M I C R O G R I D SH O W S M A L L G R I D S C O U L D B E C O M E A B I G D E A L
John Farrell Biocycle REFOR16 – October 18, 2016
A Q U E S T I O N
How much do Americans spend on electricity each year?
1. $3 billion 2. $30 billion 3. $300 billion 4. $3 trillion
A Q U E S T I O N
How much do Americans spend on electricity each year?
$364 billion2% of GDP
A ( N ) ( I N E F F I C I E N T ) M A R V E L
P O R T I O N O F E L E C T R I C G E N E R AT I O N L O S T A S
H E AT
67%
Monthly electric outage rate
2005 2015Photo: SULA-CH via Flickr
U N P R E C E D E N T E D O P T I O N S
1 I N S TA L L E V E R Y 6 0 S E C O N D S
P E R S O N A L I Z E D C O N T R O L
Software allows many iterations
A S M A L L S TA R T
0.1%
Microgrid % of total U.S. electricity generation
U P A G A I N S T A M O N O P O LY
P R O B L E M
D I S T R I B U T I O N G R I D I N V E S T M E N T L A G G I N G
American Society of Civil Engineers
“America will see an investment gap in distribution infrastructure of $57 billion by 2020”
S L O W T O I T E R AT E
“ M I G H T Y ” M I C R O G R I D S
M I C R O G R I D
A group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid and that connects and disconnects from such grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island mode.
M I C R O G R I D
M I C R O G R I D
• Likes to act alone
• Capable of making its own decisions
• May benefit from remaining grid connected
• Lots of possibility
Photo: tifotter via Flickr
A F E W S A M P L E S
A Q U E S T I O N
Where is one of the first microgrids larger than 1 megawatt and 100% renewable?
A Q U E S T I O N
Vermont!
Where is one of the first microgrids larger than 1 megawatt and 100% renewable?
S TA F F O R D H I L L
Photo: Green Mountain Power
A U S T I N
Photo: clickykbd via Flickr
L O N G I S L A N D
Photo: Clean Coalition
S T O N E E D G E FA R MStone Edge Farm
(California)• 75-kilowatt microgrid
• Solar PV • Solar thermal • CHP • Batteries • Hydrogen
Photo: Ryan Stoltenberg
G R E S H A M W A S T E W AT E R T R E AT M E N T
Gresham WWTF(Oregon)
• Not a microgrid • Net zero energy
• Two 400-kW CHP fed with biogas - wastewater plus fats, oils, and greases
• 420 kilowatts of solar
Photos: Sara Hottman/The Oregonian
H I L L C A N Y O N W A S T E W AT E R T R E AT M E N T
Hill Canyon WWTF(California)
• Not a microgrid • Net zero energy
• 900 kilowatt biogas CHP
• 500 kilowatts solar
3 megawatts of solar
University of CaliforniaSan Diego
2.8-megawatt fuel cell
• 42-megawatt microgrid • CHP • Solar • Fuel cell • Batteries
• Almost 100% of energy • 92% of electricity • 95% of heating/cooling
load
• Directed biogas to “world’s largest fuel cell,” 2.8-megawatt
U C S A N D I E G O
M A C R O B A R R I E R S
S M A L L R U L E S F O R B I G R E S U LT S
S TAT E F U N D I N G ?
Credit: Microgrid Resources Coalition
New York
Minnesota
NY Prize provides funding for municipal
feasibility studiesNo microgrid financing
E X E M P T F R O M R E G U L AT I O N ?
Credit: Microgrid Resources Coalition
New York
Minnesota
Exempt if: 1. solely on private
property OR 2. uses cogeneration,
small hydro, or alternative energy
Exempt if: 1. muni or co-op OR 2. only serves tenants of
single building OR 3. serves < 25 persons
A R E M I C R O G R I D S P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ?
Credit: Microgrid Resources Coalition
New York
Minnesota
New York does not designate monopoly service territories
Only if they serve fewer than 25 persons
E A S Y I N T E R C O N N E C T I O N ?
Credit: Microgrid Resources Coalition
New York
Minnesota
B C
R E TA I L O R W H O L E S A L E M A R K E T C O M P E N S AT I O N ?
Credit: Microgrid Resources Coalition
New York
Minnesota
Wholesale, yes. Retail may be coming with Reforming the Energy Vision process.
Wholesale, no. Retail limited to net metering for 1 MW or smaller.
O T H E R B A R R I E R S
Credit: Microgrid Resources Coalition
New York
Minnesota
Distribution utilities may be limited in ownership of microgrids.
Vertically integrated utilities will likely fight any laws enabling microgrids.
M I N I M A L O V E R L A P ?
BIOGAS GENERATOR MICROGRID
FA R M “ C A M P U S ”
M I N I M A L O V E R L A P ?
ON-FARMMICROGRID
FA R M
T H R E E O P T I O N S F O R B I O G A S M I C R O G R I D S
MICROGRID
“ C A M P U S ”
T H R E E O P T I O N S F O R B I O G A S M I C R O G R I D S
MICROGRID
“ C A M P U S ”
T H R E E O P T I O N S F O R B I O G A S M I C R O G R I D S
C R E D I T S
B I G O P P O R T U N I T Y
R O O F T O P S O L A R A N D B AT T E R Y S T O R A G E P R I C E S K E E P FA L L I N G
Bat
tery
: co
st p
er k
ilow
att-
hour
$0
$450
$900
$1,350
$1,800
Sola
r: C
ost
per
inst
alle
d W
att
$0
$3
$6
$9
$12
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Median solar installed cost
Lithium ion battery cost
M I C R O G R I D G R O W T H
Greentech Media, 2016
U . S . D I G E S T E R S
(AgStar, May 2016)http://bit.ly/digester-map
U . S . D I G E S T E R P O T E N T I A L
EPA AgStar, 2011
B I O G A S , F U E L C E L L S , A N D D ATA C E N T E R S
Charlotte
Maiden
10 MW
Landfill biogas
B I O G A S , F U E L C E L L S , A N D D ATA C E N T E R S
Cheyenne
250 kW
Wastewater biogas
B I O G A S , F U E L C E L L S , A N D D ATA C E N T E R S
Salt Lake City
South Jordan
~6 MW
Pipeline gas (interest in biogas)
0
17.5
35
52.5
70
April June Untitled 1 Untitled 3 Untitled 5 Untitled 7
Solar
Wind
Biogas is firm (and flexible) power
T H E O N E B I G T H I N G ?
Credit: Ken Bosma via Flickr
=
Credit: Nicole Resseguie-Snyder via Flickr
www.ilsr.org
D O W N L O A D O U R F U L L R E P O R T
R E A D M O R E
@johnffarrellMighty'Microgrids''Communi'es*all*over*the*country*are*finding*ways*to*break*the*macro*barriers*to*microgrids.*As*we*flip*from*a*top>down*to*bo?om>up*grid*management*structure,*major*policy*barriers*must*be*liBed*in*order*to*expand*energy*democracy*to*customers*and*producers.*!Ma$!Grimley!and!John!Farrell!March!2016!