midterm review questions - wikispaces because soda contains sugar and acid. _____ i think that cows...
TRANSCRIPT
MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS
I. Identify. Directions: Read each of the statements below and identify each as observation or inference. Write O for observation and I for inference.
Example: The new sneakers are blue with yellow laces and they smell like rubber. _O_ The baby is crying now. She hasn’t eaten in two hours, so I think she is hungry. __I__ 1. On the first day the volume of liquid was about 200 milliliters. __________ 2. The liquid has a sweet odor. __________ 3. On the third day the volume of the liquid was 100 ml. 100 ml of
the liquid must have evaporated during the first three days. __________
4. Sean is not in school today. He must be sick. __________ 5. When I rang the doorbell, no one answered. __________ 6. The hamburger was hot. ___________ 7. The bark on the birch tree was white. ___________ 8. A gas was formed when I mixed the liquid and solid.
__________ 9. Mr. Newton is wearing a coat. It must be cold outside. __________ 10.John usually runs the mile in under 5 minutes. At tomorrow’s track meet, he will most
likely run the mile in under 5 minutes. __________
Observations and Inferences
Name_____________________________________
Date:_____________________________________
Steps of the Scientific Method Directions: Fill in the table. List and describe the steps of the scientific method in order. Use the work bank below and your review packet to help you.
Research your problem Ask a question Develop your hypothesis
Organize you data State your conclusion Write your procedure Test your hypothesis
STEP DESCRIPTION
1.
Ask a question
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Hypothesis Write STRONG next to the statement if it is a strong hypothesis and
WEAK next to the statement if it is a weak hypothesis.
__________ Mountain Dew will make a plant grow higher than water, milk, or Powerade.
__________ Plants given water will grow.
__________ If people drink soda, then their teeth will decay more quickly than if they drink
water because soda contains sugar and acid.
__________ I think that cows that are given vitamins will produce more milk than cows that
are not given vitamins because they will receive more nutrients.
_________ I think cows given vitamins will produce milk.
__________ If students eat breakfast in the morning, then they will do better in school than
students who do not eat breakfast because they will have more energy.
MAKE THE WEAK HYPOTHESES THAT YOU FOUND ABOVE STRONG HYPOTHESES. USE THE SPACE PROVIDED BELOW.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Good Scientific Method Questions Which of the following is a testable scientific question?
A. Are dirty pennies better than clean pennies?
B. What is the most effective liquid to clean pennies?
C. Are pennies useful at the arcade?
D. Can I trade you pennies?
2. Which of the following is NOT a testable scientific question?
A. Why do we have dreams?
B. Which battery lasts longer- Duracell or Energizer?
C. Which heals cuts faster- with or without bandaids?
D. Which breakfast keeps you full longer- cereal or yogurt?
Which of the following are good scientific method questions?
Put a YES next to questions that are good scientific method questions and a NO next to those that are not.
___________ What do birds eat?
___________ Will plants grow taller when grow white light or green light
___________ Do athletes run faster with or without vitamins
___________ How fast can humans run?
Independent and dependent variable Sandy Cheeks loved long fingernails! She decided to see if drinking an extra glass of milk everyday would make her fingernails grow faster.
Fill in the “helper” sentence: • The scientist changes _____________________ to see the difference in
_____________. The independent variable is ____________________.
• How do you know?___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
The dependent variable is ______________________.
• How do you know?___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
Dr. Bernal thinks that the more gum a person chews, the faster they can tie their shoes. He decides to test his hypothesis.
Fill in the “helper” sentence:
1) The scientist changes _____________________ to see the difference in _____________.
2) The independent variable is ____________________. How do you know?___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
3) The dependent variable is ______________________. How do you know?___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
STATES of MATTER Fill in the blank
1. The three common states of matter are _______________, _____________ , and _________________.
2. A __________________ in the speed of the molecules allows the attractions between molecules to bring them a little closer together.
3. The molecules of the liquid inside the thermometer increase in speed when the thermometer is _____________________.
4. Cooling a solid _______________ the motion of the atoms.
True or False
5. The particles of a liquid are attracted to one another, but can’t move past each other. True or False
6. An increase in temperature increases molecular motion and increases the distance between atoms and molecules in solids, liquids, and gases. True or False
7. The atoms of a solid are very far apart and vibrate in fixed positions. True or False
8. Heating a gas completely stops all of its molecular motion. True or False
9. The molecules of a gas are not very attracted to each other. True or False
Even though water in a clear glass appears still, a drop of food coloring placed at the surface will slowly move throughout the water. Eventually, without stirring or shaking, the water will become evenly colored. What can you infer about water molecules based on these observations?
___________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Draw circles and motion lines in each box to show differences in the movement and arrangement of water molecules in cold, room temperature, and hot water.
Draw circles and motion lines in each box to show differences in the movement and arrangement of water molecules in cold, room temperature, and hot water.
Thermometers have a very thin tube inside of them that stretches up from a round bulb, which holds most of the liquid.
a. Why does the red liquid move up the tube when a thermometer is heated?
When heated, the molecules in the liquid inside the thermometer get a little further apart. Because the liquid takes up more space, the red line moves up in the tube.
b. Why does the red liquid move down the tube when a thermometer is cooled? When cooled, the molecules in the liquid inside the thermometer get a little closer together. Because the liquid takes up less space, the red line moves down in the tube.
If two thermometers have different liquids in them, the liquids can move to different heights in the thermometers even if they are measuring the same temperature. Why does that happen? Different liquids are made up of different molecules with different attractions for one another. If they are heated, the molecules will increase their speed but the amount that they separate from each other and move up the tube will be different.
Short Answer
Water beads up on the surface of a freshly waxed car. If you use your finger to drag one drop very close to another and let them touch, the two drops quickly join together to become one bigger drop. What can you infer about water molecules based on this observation?
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
1. A solid will take the shape of any container you put it in
Circle one: ( true / false ) If false:
_________________________________________________________________
2. A gas will expand to fill all the space available
Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________
3. The particles within a solid move fast past each other
Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________
4. Changing the state of matter is a physical property
Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________
5. A liquid has a fixed volume and a fixed shape
Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________
6. Juice, sweat, and tears are all examples of gases
Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________
7. A solid has no fixed volume or shape
Circle one: ( true / false ) If false: _______________________________________
Directions: Circle true or false, if the statement is false then correct the statement in the space that is provided
Directions: Match the correct term with its definition
________Melting A. liquid to a solid
________Freezing B. solid to gas
________Condensation C. liquid to a gas
________Sublimation D. gas to liquid
________Vaporization
DIRECTIONS: Write the word that best describes each process ilustrated below
E. solid to a liquid
Say whether the events below are examples of melting, freezing,
evaporation, or condensation:
1) The ice cubes in my drink have
disappeared.__________________________________
2) The puddles have all dried up. __________________________________
3) The mirror in the bathroom has misted up.
__________________________________
4) The cold night has left ice on the roads. __________________________________
5) My ice cream has dripped down my shirt. __________________________________
6) There is steam coming off that hot tap water.
__________________________________
Say whether you need to add heat, or remove heat to make these things happen:
1) Freeze water to make ice. __________________________________ 2) Melt an ice cream. __________________________________ 3) Boil some water. __________________________________ 4) Change a gas into a liquid. __________________________________ 5) Change a liquid into a solid. __________________________________ 6) Dry off some clothes. __________________________________
DIRECTIONS: Use the Graph to answer the questions on the next page
HEATING CURVE
1. What two variables are plotted on the graph? Label the solid, liquid and gas phase on the graph.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is happening to the temperature of the water during segment C of the graph?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. What does the temperature value for segment B represent? For segment D?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. What change of state is occurring during segment B of the graph? During segment D?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5. In which segment, A or E, do the water molecules have more thermal energy? Explain your reasoning.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
The States of Matter Questions
Use words from the word bank to fill in the blanks
1. Solid, liquid, and gas are the three most common states of _______________.
2. The process of turning a liquid into a gas is called _________________.
3. By adding or removing ____________, we can change the state of matter.
4. We can determine the state of matter by observing how closely its _____________ are connected.
5. ___________ is another name for gas.
6. In a ___________ state, the molecules are loosely connected, and the matter takes on the shape of the container.
SOLID LIQUID GAS EVAPORATION ENERGY
PRESSURE MOLECULES PHYSICAL CHANGE MATTER VAPOR
7. In a ____________state, molecules are stuck together, and the matter cannot easily change shape.
8. The molecules of matter in a ___________ state spread as far apart as possible and fill the space of the container.
9. In order for matter to change state, it must go through a ______________________.
10. Physical changes to matter can occur if there is an increase or decrease in temperature or ____________.
Understanding the Atom 33
Cop
yrig
ht ©
Gle
ncoe
/McG
raw
-Hill
, a d
ivis
ion
of T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
, Inc
.
Name Date Class
LESSON 2Content Practice B
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons—How Atoms DifferDirections: Complete the chart with the correct terms from the word bank in the space provided. Some terms may be used more than once.
e- electron cloud around the nucleus n nucleus p
0 1/1,840 1- 1 1+
Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Electron Proton Neutron
Symbol 1. 5. 9.
Charge 2. 6. 10.
Location 3. 7. 11.
Relative Mass
4. 8. 12.
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
13. What makes an atom of one element different from an atom of another element?
14. An element has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. What is its atomic number? What is its mass number?
15. What happens to a neutron atom if it gains or loses electrons?
C322_027_033_CRF_L2_892506.indd 33C322_027_033_CRF_L2_892506.indd 33 2/24/10 4:59:21 PM2/24/10 4:59:21 PM
Draw an atom in the box below. Label the proton, neutron and electron