Midterm Jeopardy

Name the Ancient Civilizations in chronological order.Aegean, Egyptian, Etruscan, Greek, Meso, Roman

1. Mesopotamian 3500bc-642ad 2. Egyptian 3000bc-30bc3. Aegean 3000bc-1200bc4. Greek 900bc-31bc5. Etruscan 900bc-89bc6. Roman 753bc-330bc

http://www.timelines.info/history/empires_and_civilizations/ancient_civilisations/

Name 5 characteristics of the Neolithic Revolution:

1. Taking control of environment.2. Development of human technology, 3. The rise of farming, "Neolithic Revolution"4. Use of wild and domestic crops and the use

of domesticated animals.5. Originated government, law, formal religion,

writing, weaving, metal work and pottery

Name 5 inventions from the Sumerians:

1. Wheel2. Mathematical system3. Irrigation4. Cuneiform5. Bronze Metal tools

Name the top 6 Mesopotamian civilizations

1. Sumerians2. Akkadians3. Babylonians4. Hittites5. Assyrians6. Persians

The first use of registers.

• Warka Vase• 3200–3000 BCE.

Alabaster, 3’ 1/4" high• Votive Offering

The waiting room of a ziggurat.

• Cella• What asphaltlike substancethe mud-brick

covered with to make it last?• Bitumen

Title, Material, Style

• Head of an Akkadian ruler,• from Nineveh, Iraq

ca. 2250-2200 B.C.• COPPER, 1' 2 3/8" HIGH• AKA Sargon of Akkad

Title, Date, Symbolism

• next

Title, Material, Civilization, Significance

• Stele with law code of Hammurabi• Basalt 7’ 4”• Babylonian• Hammurabi is portrayed receiving the laws

directly from Shamash the sun god. • (a parallel to Moses)

These two posts guard this.

• Lion’s Gate • Citadel

This composite creature guards this.

• Lamassu• Guarding the gate to • Sargon II palace

Hunting reliefs from this civilization

• Assyrian

Apadana.

• Royal audience hall of this.• Persepolis

List the 7 periods of the Greek civilization.

• Geometric (900-700 BC) • Orientalizing (700-600 BC)• Archaic (600-480 BC)• Early Classical aka Severe (480-450 BC)• High Classical (450-400 BC)• Late Classical (400-323 BC)• Hellenistic (323-31 BC)

Place in Chronological order

• Peloponnesian War • Roman Conquest of Greece • Persian War• Sack of Acropolis by Persians• First Olympic GamesBattle of Issus • Alexander the Great• Attalos III wills Pergamence Kingdom to Rome

First Olympic GamesPersian WarSack of Acropolis by PersiansPeloponnesian War Battle of Issus Alexander the GreatRoman Conquest of Greece Attalos III wills Pergamence Kingdom to Rome

Inventors of black figure painting

• Corinthians

After the fall of the Mycenans was the Dark Ages of Greece

• Name this sculpture.• Mantiklos Apollo

Greek Male Nude

• Kouros 6’1/2”• Similar to this Egyptian sculpture.• Mentuemhet

Title

• Temple of Hera I “Basilica”Paestrum

• What makes it Archaic?• Central row of columns

Name this Mortuary Presinct.

• Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut (with the Middle Kingdom mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II at left) Deir el-Bahri, EgyptDynasty XVIII ca. 1473-1458 BCE

Title, give civilizations of which artist derived inspiration.

• Minoan• Assyrian

Title & Significance • War & Peace of the Standard of

Ur, Royal Cemetery, Ur, Iraqca. 2600 BCE. Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestoneapprox. 8" x 1’ 7".

The spoils of war as well as farming and trade brought considerable wealth to some of the city-states of ancient Sumer.

Rectangular box with sloping sides of unknown function.

Possibly Military Standard Hierarchal scale

Describe the Heraldic Composition

• Composition A composition that is symmetrical on either side of a central figure

Title & Significance • Soundbox of the lyre,

Royal Cemetery, Ur, Iraq, ca. 2600 BCE. Wood with inlaid gold, lapis lazuli,

and shell, approx. 1’ 7" high

• The top of the sound board is said to that of Gilgamesh as hero fighting off animals.

• Heraldic Composition A composition that is symmetrical on either side of a central figure

Temple Name?

• West Pediment Temple of Artemis, Corfu• Heraldic Composition

Medusa pinwheel central figurePegasus at her rightOrientalizing panthers

• Lack of Narrative UnityScale diversity

Temple Name & 2 important features• Siphnian Treasury

Delphi, Greece• Gigantomachy: the symbolic struggle between the cosmic order of the

Olympians led by Zeus and the nether forces of Chaos led by the giant Alcyoneu

• Caryatids

What part of Formal Analysis is shown here?

Documentary

Age :Physical, Stylistic or Documentary Evidence

Subject Mater/ContextReligious, Mythological, Landscape, Genre, Gender, Still Life

What part of Formal Analysis is shown here?

FunctionCommemorate, Propaganda, Expression, Wealth

And here???

Master of Black Figure.

• Exekias• Achilles & Ajax playing dice game

Widely exported and copiedWords written out of their mouths

Name, period

• Calf BearerDedicated by (inscribed) RhonbosOn the AcropolisMoschophoros (Calf Bearer)Bold Xmore rounded features the

• Kouros• 1st Archaic Smile

Bilingual-red & black figure painting on same amphoraNew technique came around 530 BC

• Andokides PainterSaid to have developed Red-Figure PaintingAchillies& Ajax

The Severe style roughly covers the first 50 - 80 years of the early classical period.

What are two significant changes in Greek sculpture?

1. Abandonment of the Archaic smile2. Opening up is mostly due to the

"contrapposto“ pose.

Who is this?

• Kritios BoyAcropolisSculpted by Kritios

Portrays how body actually standsContrapposto – counterbalanceDip in hipHead turns

How does the Etruscan Temple differ from the Greek temple?

Greek Temples Etruscan Temples

Colonnade: Around entire perimeter. Columns only in front.

Steps: Three steps around perimeter. Steps on in front.

Porch: In front of, and behind, the cella. Only in front of the cella.

Podium: Small, consisting of three steps.

Tall, with steps only in front.

Cella: One room. Three rooms.

Pediment: Closed and decorated with sculpture. Open and not decorated.

Sculpture: In pediments, metopes, and frieze. On the roof.

Where & What?

• Tumulus, from Cerveteri, Italy (Etruscan)7th to 2nd centuries B.C.E.

Aka Necropolis

How do Etruscan Sarcophagi differ from Greek? 3 things

• Terracotta vs Marble• Women & Men together• Smiles & hand gestures

Name & Sculptor

• Myron DiskobolosDiscus ThrowerRoman marble copy after bronze original

Name & Artist• Polykleitos

Doryphoros or Spear BearerCanon (name assigned by Polykleitos)Marble copyIdeal Human figure Proportion 1:7

Chiastic – cross balanceLeft arm & right leg flexedright arm & left leg relaxedoppose diagonallydynamic asymmetrical balance

What is the Delian League?• Athenian Acropolis under leadership of Pericles• Reconstruction after Persian sack of the Acropolis 480 BC• Greeks formed alliance from protection against Orient• Delian treasury transferred to Athens from Delos • The Delian League, founded in 478 BC, was an association of

Greek city-states, under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece. The League's modern name derives from its official meeting place, the island of Delos, where congresses were held in the temple and where the treasury stood until, in a symbolic gesture,Pericles moved it to Athens in 454 BC

Name 4 important architectural structures on the acropolis.

• Parthenon

• Propylaia

• Temple of Athena Nike

• Erechtheion

• Theater of Dionysus

• The Stoa

Who are the architects of the Parthenon? What’s so special about the construction?

• Iktinos & Kallikrates• Peripteral Colonnade

Ideal architectural proportionsx=2y+1, x=larger #, y=smaller #Sylobate & entablature curvedcperistyle columns curve into the entablaturearchitectural contrappostooptical illusionsDoric columns & frieze outsideIonic columns & frieze insideentasis

Why was the Erechtheion build on four different levels? What did they have to accommodate?

• Erechtheion House ancient wooden image of Athena & Panathenaic processions goal

Athena’s olive treePosiden’s trident markRuins of Archaic templeundisturbed ancient sacred siteCaryatids

Ionic orders

Who was the Overseeer of Parthenon’s sculptural decorations?

• Phidias

• Athena Parthenos

Late Classical first female nude. Name & sculptor

• PraxitelesAphrodite of Knidos

• Philoxenos of EretriaBattle of Issus

• Tessera – tiny cut glassDipicts battle between Alexander the Great and the Persian King Darius IIICopy of a panel painting that Philoxenos of Eretia made for Alexander’s successor Cassend

Title & Period?

• Seated Boxerdefeated veteran vs. young athleteupward gazebroken nose and teethInlaid copper blood dripscompare to Riace Warrior

Stoa Of Attalos II, AthensDoric ground level & shaft unfluted

Ionic second story

Athena battling Alkyoneos

Gigantomachy frieze from Altar of Zeus, PergamonAthena grabs the hair of Alkyoneos as Nike flies to crown her.Emotional IntensityViolent movementSwirling draperiesVivid depictions ofdeath and sufferingdeep carving creates shadows

•GnosisStag Hunt from PellaPebble Mosaic

Contour lines & some of interior defined by thin strips of leador terracottaInterior volumes subtle gradations of colorlight & darkSkiagraphia –shadow painting

LysipposAproxymenos(Scaper)More sleander 1:8 vs 1:7 of PolykleitosBegan to break down frontal viewing &encouraged viewer to look at multiple views