Midterm Exam Grammar Review

Sentences and FragmentsSentences must have…

A subject and predicateSentence fragments are missing…

Either a subject and/or a predicateSubject: noun (topic of a sentence)Predicate (verb phrase-what the subject is doing)Ex: _____ All my friends.

Fragment: no predicate Fixed: All my friends are kind.

Ex: ____ Going to the store Fragment: no subject Fixed: My family and I are going to the store.

Subjects and Predicates

Single underline: complete subjectCircle: simple subjectDouble underline: complete predicateBox: simple predicate

1. The tall boys played basketball.

2. The girls were running outside.

NounsCommon noun: non-specific person, place, or

thing Example: dog, lady, house, pencil

Proper noun: specific person, place, or thing Example: Connecticut, Prince William

Concrete noun: can perceive with your senses (touch, see, smell) Example: bridge, city, cloud

Abstract noun: cannot perceive with your senses Example: courage, gratitude, justice

Ex 1: I looked at the painting in awe.Ex 2: My class visited the Grand Canyon.

Collective Nouns

Collective nouns describe a groupExample: chorus, band, family, tribe, pack

Underline the collective nouns in the following sentences:

1. The hostess called our party, so we followed her to our table.

2. I woke up when a flock of geese flew honking over my house.

Pronouns and Antecedents

Antecedents are the nouns a pronoun refers back to

Circle the pronoun and draw an arrow to its antecedent.

1. My mother was angry when I failed my test so she grounded me.

After my sister Rachel graduated from college, she joined Teach for America.

Personal, Reflexive, Intensive Pronouns

Personal pronouns: refers to the first person (speaker), second person (person spoken to), or third person (person spoken about) Ex: I, you, me, he/she/it, we, they, us

Reflexive pronouns: refers to the subject and is NECESSARY to the meaning of the sentence Ex: myself, yourself, herself, ourselves

Intensive pronouns: emphasizes a noun or another pronoun and is UNNECESSARY to the meaning of the sentence Ex: myself, yourself, herself, ourselves

Underline and identify the type of pronoun in the following sentences:1. Sara picked up a handout for herself.

2. Sometimes I make myself laugh.

3. The principal himself called me with good news.

4. I can’t believe they won the contest!

Demonstrative and Relative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns: point our a person, place, thing, or idea Ex: These are the best strawberries of the summer! Ex: That was the worst movie I have ever seen.

Relative pronouns: introduce a subordinate clause (give more information) Ex: Apricots, which are smaller than peaches, make tasty pies. Ex: The fence that borders our property needs repair.

Underline the pronouns in the following sentence and identify them as demonstrative or relative.1. The equator, which crosses Africa, is at 0 degrees latitude.2. The country in Africa that fascinates me the most is Egypt3. That is not possible!4. These small rivers are very hard to see on the map.

Indefinite and Interrogative Pronouns

Indefinite pronouns: refer to a noun that is not specifically named Ex: He said that anyone can do this simple trick. Ex: Most of my friends drink milk.

Interrogative pronouns: introduce a question Ex: Who knows the words to the song? Ex: Which of these books have you read?Identify and label the indefinite or interrogative pronouns:1. Will many attend the school play?2. Which of these science experiments is yours?3. Few could restrain their laughter at the unexpected

joke.4. Whose is this backpack?