LiberalsLiberals

Believe in government action to achieve Believe in government action to achieve equal opportunity and equality for all.  It is equal opportunity and equality for all.  It is the duty of the government to alleviate the duty of the government to alleviate social ills and to protect civil liberties and social ills and to protect civil liberties and individual and human rights.  Believe the individual and human rights.  Believe the role of the government should be to role of the government should be to guarantee that no one is in need.guarantee that no one is in need.- Liberal policies generally emphasize the - Liberal policies generally emphasize the need for the government to solve problems.need for the government to solve problems.

ConservativeConservative

Believe in personal responsibility, limited Believe in personal responsibility, limited government, free markets, individual liberty, government, free markets, individual liberty, traditional American values and a strong traditional American values and a strong national defense.  Believe the role of national defense.  Believe the role of government should be to provide people the government should be to provide people the freedom necessary to pursue their own freedom necessary to pursue their own goals. goals.  - Conservative policies generally emphasize  - Conservative policies generally emphasize empowerment of the individual to solve empowerment of the individual to solve problems.problems.

The Philippine The Philippine GovernmentGovernmentHistorical BackgroundHistorical Background

Pre-Spanish Pre-Spanish GovernmentGovernment

BarangayBarangayPolitical unit composed of 30 to Political unit composed of 30 to

100 families100 familiesDerived from the Malayan word Derived from the Malayan word

“balangay” meaning boat which “balangay” meaning boat which the early Malay settlers used in the early Malay settlers used in coming to the Philippinescoming to the Philippines

DatuDatuSometimes called as Rajah, Sometimes called as Rajah,

Sultan or HadjiSultan or HadjiThe chief executive, lawgiver, The chief executive, lawgiver,

chief judge and military headchief judge and military head

MaginoosMaginoosCouncil elders which served Council elders which served

as the Datu’s advisersas the Datu’s advisers

Note:Note:The barangay although The barangay although monarchial in form, was a monarchial in form, was a consultative governmentconsultative government

Social Classes in Social Classes in the Barangaythe Barangay

MaharlikaMaharlikaThe nobility which was the The nobility which was the

Datu belongedDatu belonged

TimawaTimawaThe freemenThe freemen

Aliping NamamahayAliping NamamahayThe serfsThe serfs

Aliping SagigilidAliping SagigilidThe slavesThe slaves

SanduguanSanduguanRitual which concluded treaty Ritual which concluded treaty

of friendship and allianceof friendship and alliance

Early LawsEarly Laws

Maragtas CodeMaragtas CodeWritten about 1250 A.D. by Written about 1250 A.D. by

Datu Sumakwel of PanayDatu Sumakwel of Panay

Kalantiaw CodeKalantiaw CodeWritten about 1433 A.D. by Written about 1433 A.D. by

Datu Kalantiaw of PanayDatu Kalantiaw of Panay

Note:Note:The early Filipinos had both The early Filipinos had both

written and unwritten lawswritten and unwritten lawsThe chieftain upon consultation The chieftain upon consultation

with the community elders with the community elders promulgated the customary lawspromulgated the customary laws

OmalohocanOmalohocanA crier who announces the A crier who announces the

proposed laws from datu and proposed laws from datu and approved by the elders to the approved by the elders to the barangay inhabitantsbarangay inhabitants

Government During Government During the Spanish Periodthe Spanish Period

Spain’s Title to the PhilippinesSpain’s Title to the Philippines

Discovery of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521Discovery of Ferdinand Magellan in 1521Consummated by its conquest by Miguel Consummated by its conquest by Miguel

Lopez de Legazpi forty-five years laterLopez de Legazpi forty-five years laterTerminated after almost four centuries Terminated after almost four centuries

and ceded by Spain to the United States and ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898 by Treaty of Parisin 1898 by Treaty of Paris

Spanish Colonial Spanish Colonial SystemSystem

Council of IndiesCouncil of IndiesThe body that was created to The body that was created to

help the Spanish monarch in help the Spanish monarch in administering overseas coloniesadministering overseas colonies

The Philippines was indirectly The Philippines was indirectly governed by the King of Spain governed by the King of Spain through Mexicothrough Mexico

Note:Note:In 8121, Mexico obtained her In 8121, Mexico obtained her

independence from Spain, the independence from Spain, the Philippines was ruled directly from Philippines was ruled directly from SpainSpain

But in 1837, it was abolished and But in 1837, it was abolished and legislation of the Philippines was legislation of the Philippines was temporarily performed by the Council temporarily performed by the Council of Ministersof Ministers

Leyes de IndiasLeyes de IndiasCompiled and published laws Compiled and published laws

governing the Spanish governing the Spanish colonies like Mexico, Latin colonies like Mexico, Latin America and PhilippinesAmerica and Philippines

Government in Government in the Philippines the Philippines

unitaryunitary

PueblosPueblosConsolidated barangaysConsolidated barangaysHeaded by a gobernadorcillo Headed by a gobernadorcillo

(little governor) or popularly (little governor) or popularly called capitancalled capitan

Note:Note:The Capitan was elected by 13 The Capitan was elected by 13

electors (six of the electors were electors (six of the electors were Cabezas de Barangay and the Cabezas de Barangay and the other six were incumbent other six were incumbent Cabezas de barangay)Cabezas de barangay)

The 13The 13thth elector was the outgoing elector was the outgoing CapitanCapitan

Cabeza de BarangayCabeza de BarangayThe head of barrios or barangayThe head of barrios or barangayDid not receive any salary but Did not receive any salary but

given a part of the taxes collected given a part of the taxes collected to his barangayto his barangay

Considered a member of Considered a member of Principalia (Aristocratic class)Principalia (Aristocratic class)

AlcadiasAlcadiasProvinces that were pacified Provinces that were pacified

and were already recognizing and were already recognizing Spanish ruleSpanish rule

Alcadia MayorAlcadia MayorThe provincial governor who The provincial governor who

was appointed by the was appointed by the Governor-GeneralGovernor-General

He exercised executive and He exercised executive and judicial powersjudicial powers

Indulto de ComercioIndulto de ComercioThe privilege of the provincial The privilege of the provincial

governor to engage in tradegovernor to engage in trade

CorregimientosCorregimientosUnpacified regions headed by Unpacified regions headed by

Corregidor – usually a military Corregidor – usually a military officerofficer

Ayuntamiento / CabildoAyuntamiento / CabildoCity councilCity councilSpecial charters who governed Special charters who governed

the citiesthe citiesCebu – the first city to be Cebu – the first city to be

established in 1565 and second established in 1565 and second was Manila in 1571was Manila in 1571

Governor-GeneralGovernor-GeneralAlso known as Capitan-General Also known as Capitan-General

and Vice-royal patronand Vice-royal patronWho exercised the power of the Who exercised the power of the

government and resided in Manilagovernment and resided in ManilaHe had executive, administrative, He had executive, administrative,

legislative and judicial powerslegislative and judicial powers

Note:Note:As Captain-General, he was the As Captain-General, he was the

Commander-in-Chief of all the Commander-in-Chief of all the Armed Forces in the PhilippinesArmed Forces in the Philippines

As the Vice-Royal Patron, he As the Vice-Royal Patron, he exercised certain religious powersexercised certain religious powers

Miguel Lopez de LegazpiMiguel Lopez de Legazpi

First Spanish Governor-First Spanish Governor-GeneralGeneral

1565 - 15711565 - 1571

Gen. Diego de los RiosGen. Diego de los RiosLast Governor-General in Last Governor-General in

18981898

Royal AudenciaRoyal AudenciaEstablished in 1583 Established in 1583 The supreme court of the Philippines The supreme court of the Philippines

during the Spanish timesduring the Spanish timesIts decision was final except on Its decision was final except on

certain cases of great importance certain cases of great importance which could be appealed to the King which could be appealed to the King of Spainof Spain

Two Territorial AudenciasTwo Territorial Audencias

CebuCebuViganVigan

Actos AcordadosActos AcordadosLaws that were enacted upon Laws that were enacted upon

agreement between the members agreement between the members of the Royal Audencia and of the Royal Audencia and Governor-GeneralGovernor-General

FrailocraciaFrailocraciaMeaning rule of the friarsMeaning rule of the friarsAn invisible government which An invisible government which

was the doctrine of the union of was the doctrine of the union of Church and State that was Church and State that was practiced by almost all absolute practiced by almost all absolute monarchial states during those monarchial states during those times.times.