MIDDLE KINGDOM CA. 1991–1700 B.C.

By: Noah, Jacob, Tyler, Reilly

Pharaohs Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep III Mentuhotep IV Amenemhet I Senusret I Amenemhat II Senusret II Senusret III Amenemhet III Amenemhet IV Sobekneferu Neferhotep I

Politics/Empire

A period of constant change

Militarism was common

Only 7 pyramids created

War/Military

No real standing army

Often took Nubian conscripts

Egypt often conscripted Nubian soldiers  

Change Vs. Stability

were phased out of power

Society became more like the old kingdom

Pharaohs became depicted as divine and godlike

Jobs Pharaohs hired writers to enhance the

prestige  by writing poems books and hymens

Conscription to build temples

Similar to preceding era’s

Very clear distinction between Upper Class and Lower Class

BurialsThree types of burials:

Surface graves with or without coffins

Shaft graves, usually with coffins

Tombs with coffin and sarcophagus

Agriculture Farming started to rejuvenate and thrive

Irrigation was greatly improved

More land used for farmland

Foreign Relations Almost constant war with Nubia, went as

far as Second Cataract

Fought and traded with some Middle East civilizations

By end of the Middle Kingdom, Egypt controlled Sinai, the Delta, and parts of Nubia

Citations Roehrig, Catharine H. "Egypt in the Middle Kingdom (2030–1640 B.C.)". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The

Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mking/hd_mking.htm (October 2000)

Encyclopædia Britannica. "Mentuhotep II." Accessed March 10, 2015. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/375448/Mentuhotep-II.

Bart, Anneke. "Mentuhotep III Sankhare." Saint Louis University. Accessed March 10, 2015. http://euler.slu.edu/~bart/egyptianhtml/kings%20and%20Queens/Mentuhotep_III_Sankhare.html.

Hill, Jenny. "Middle Kingdom." Accessed March 11, 2015. http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/middlekingdom.html.

Callender, V G. "Glazed steatite cylinder seal of Sobekneferu." The British Museum. Accessed March 11, 2015. http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/g/glazed_steatite_cylinder_seal.aspx.

"Ritual Figure [Egyptian]" (14.3.17) In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/14.3.17. (October 2006)

  Bishop, Darlene. "Guided Tour Of Ancient Egypt." AbleMedia.

http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/consortium/bishopegyptmiddlekingdom.htm.

Brewer, Douglas J., and Emily Teeter. 2006. EGYPT AND THE EGYPTIANS. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 

Wilkinson, Toby A. H. 2011. The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt. United States: Random House Inc.

Aldred, Cyril. The Egyptians. 3rd ed. Vol. 18. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998.