Middle Middle KingdomKingdom

2050 – 1750 BC2050 – 1750 BCNew KingdomNew Kingdom

1550 – 1050 BC1550 – 1050 BC

Chapter 4 Section 3Chapter 4 Section 3

Are you taking notes?Are you taking notes?

By the end of the Old Kingdom the By the end of the Old Kingdom the pharoahs wealth and power was in pharoahs wealth and power was in decline.decline.The nobles had begun to assume powerThe nobles had begun to assume powerThere was no central government, only There was no central government, only smaller local rulerssmaller local rulers

The Hyksos – The Who?The Hyksos – The Who?

Guess what? Guess what? The Hyksos The Hyksos from southwest from southwest Asia invaded Asia invaded Lower Egypt Lower Egypt and they were and they were now the rulers! now the rulers! How rude!How rude!They had cool They had cool horse-drawn horse-drawn chariots and chariots and advanced advanced weaponry.weaponry.

Let’s Get Ready to Rumble!Let’s Get Ready to Rumble!

Finally the Egyptians fought back.Finally the Egyptians fought back.

Ahmose from Thebes declared himself Ahmose from Thebes declared himself king and kicked out the Hyksos – king and kicked out the Hyksos – Smackdown!Smackdown!

As you can see, As you can see, Ahmose was very Ahmose was very handsome:handsome:

How about after his morning How about after his morning coffee?coffee?

Now to the New Kingdom – Egypt’s time of Now to the New Kingdom – Egypt’s time of its greatest power and gloryits greatest power and glory

New KingdomNew KingdomAfter that problem with the Hyksos, Egypt’s After that problem with the Hyksos, Egypt’s rulers decided to get seriousrulers decided to get seriousThey began to take control of all invasion They began to take control of all invasion routes and formed an empireroutes and formed an empireThe areas conquered sent expensive goods The areas conquered sent expensive goods annually (yearly) to stay on good terms with annually (yearly) to stay on good terms with them—wouldn’t you?them—wouldn’t you?

TradeTrade

Egyptian traders now went farther to more Egyptian traders now went farther to more distant lands by profitable trade routesdistant lands by profitable trade routes

Many of the conquered lands had Many of the conquered lands had wonderful resources, e.g. the Sinai wonderful resources, e.g. the Sinai peninsula had turquoise and copper.peninsula had turquoise and copper.

Queen Queen HatshepsutHatshepsut

Hatshepsut was a terrific Hatshepsut was a terrific business woman. She business woman. She encouraged trade and encouraged trade and brought in much wealth.brought in much wealth.She also encouraged art She also encouraged art and architecture and had and architecture and had many impressive many impressive monuments built.monuments built.She also sometimes wore She also sometimes wore a fake beard to symbolize a fake beard to symbolize a pharoah’s power – kind a pharoah’s power – kind of like a pantsuit today.of like a pantsuit today.

Invasions of EgyptInvasions of Egypt

Eventually, Egypt started to decline under Eventually, Egypt started to decline under attacks from the:attacks from the:

TehenuTehenu from Asia Minor (Turkey) from Asia Minor (Turkey)

HittitesHittites ( (HitHit-like hit a ball and -like hit a ball and itesites like in like in termites)termites)

And the And the Sea PeoplesSea Peoples (Southwest Asia) (Southwest Asia)

It never regained its former glory.It never regained its former glory.

Ramses the GreatRamses the Great

He was a great warrior and builderHe was a great warrior and builder

ScribesScribes

Scribes were respected and kept accounts Scribes were respected and kept accounts and records. They copied religious and records. They copied religious stories, literary stories and poemsstories, literary stories and poems

They were not taxed and many became They were not taxed and many became wealthywealthy

ArtisansArtisans

Worked mainly for the government or templesWorked mainly for the government or temples

They were highly skilled leather and They were highly skilled leather and metalworkers, jewelers, sculptors, builders and metalworkers, jewelers, sculptors, builders and carpenters.carpenters.

They were paid fairly well.They were paid fairly well.

Architects and ArtistsArchitects and Artists

Architects designed the temples and royal Architects designed the temples and royal tombstombs

Artists mainly worked inside these Artists mainly worked inside these monuments painting highly detailed monuments painting highly detailed scenesscenes

Merchants and Merchants and TradersTraders

They traveled long distances to buy and sell itemsThey traveled long distances to buy and sell itemsThey were usually accompanied by soldiers, They were usually accompanied by soldiers, scribes and laborersscribes and laborers

SoldiersSoldiersMen could improve their place in society Men could improve their place in society by becoming professional soldiersby becoming professional soldiers

They were given land and could keep what They were given land and could keep what they took from the enemythey took from the enemy

Farmers and Other PeasantsFarmers and Other Peasants

Most people belonged Most people belonged to this groupto this groupThe farmers grew The farmers grew crops and depended crops and depended on the Nile for water on the Nile for water and its regular floodsand its regular floodsThey supported their They supported their families and helped families and helped each other during each other during harvest (gathering harvest (gathering crops).crops).

They had to give part of their crops to the They had to give part of their crops to the pharoah because he owned all the landpharoah because he owned all the landFarmers and peasants could be called at any Farmers and peasants could be called at any time to help build pyramids or monuments or time to help build pyramids or monuments or fight warsfight warsThey were paid in grainThey were paid in grain

SlavesSlaves

They were convicted criminals or prisoners They were convicted criminals or prisoners of warof war

They worked on building projects, They worked on building projects, workshops, and private homesworkshops, and private homes

They had some legal rightsThey had some legal rights

They could sometimes earn their freedomThey could sometimes earn their freedom

Israelite Israelite SlavesSlaves

Family LifeFamily Life

Most families lived together taking in any Most families lived together taking in any unmarried female relativesunmarried female relatives

Boys were encouraged to marry early and Boys were encouraged to marry early and have childrenhave children

Some women worked outside the home as Some women worked outside the home as priestesses, officials, administrators and priestesses, officials, administrators and artisansartisans

Women’s RightsWomen’s RightsWomen could own land, make contracts, and divorce Women could own land, make contracts, and divorce their husbands – this was very unusual in ancient times.their husbands – this was very unusual in ancient times.They could keep their property after a divorceThey could keep their property after a divorce

ChildrenChildren

They played and huntedThey played and huntedThey received some education in morals (right and They received some education in morals (right and wrong), math and sportswrong), math and sportsAt 14, boys were expected to go to work with their At 14, boys were expected to go to work with their fathersfathers

Work and Daily LifeWork and Daily Life

Boys learned their future jobs from their Boys learned their future jobs from their fathersfathers