middle carboniferous to early permian fusulinaceans from ... · middle carboniferous to early...

Bull. Kitokyushu Mus. Nat. Hist., 17: 1-105, pis. 1-8. March 31, 1998

Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian Fusulinaceans from

the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, SouthwestJapan

Yasuhiro Ota

Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History,Nishihonmachi 3, Yahatahigashiku,

Kitakyushu 805-0061, Japan(Received November 6, 1997)

Abstract The present paper deals with the systematic paleontology of the Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian fusulinaceans collected from the AkiyoshiLimestone Groupin thejigoku-dani area, Akiyoshi,Yamaguchi Prefecture,Japan. Fifty-one fusulinaceanspecies among 14 genera, 4 subfamilies, and 2 families, are described and discussed.

Introduction

The detailed biofacies and lithofacies of the fossiliferous Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup in thejigoku-dani area, have been examined and discussed by Y. Ota (1995,1997). The following nine fusulinacean zonesand sevensubzones in ascending order were discriminated (Y. Ota, 1997) in the Middle Carboniferous to Lower Permian

limestones: FusulinellabiconicaZone, Fusulinact. shiltokuensisZone {Fusulinellacf. obesaSubzone and Pseudofusulinella hidaensis Subzone), Obsoletus obsoletus Zone {ProtriticitestoriyamaiSubzone and Protriticites matsumotoiSubzone), Montiparussp. AZone, TriticUesyayamadakensisZone (7"riticitessauriniSubzone, Schwagerina sp. A Subzone and TriticUesbiconicusSubzone), Schwagerina (?) cf. satoiZone, Pseudoschwagerina muongthensisZone,Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa Zone and Pseudofusulina aff. ambigua Zone.

In this paper, 51 fusulinacean speciesare described and discussedfrom thejigoku-dani area. Concerning the specific elements of each fusulinacean zone and the lateral distribution of fusulinaceans with relation to the lithofacies in thejigoku- daniarea, see Fig. 11 and Table 7 of the preceding number of this bulletin (Y. Ota, 1997).

Repository: The fusulinacean specimens are kept in the KitakyushuMuseum andInstitute of Natural History, with the designation of KMNH IvP for the registerednumber of the specimens. Sample numbers are given in brackets. The limestonespecimens from thejigoku-dani area are also kept in the Kitakyushu Museum andInstitute of Natural History.

Acknowledgments: The author expresses his grateful thanks to Dr. JuichiYanagida, (ProfessorEmeritus,Kyushu University), who kindlyread the manuscriptand offered many helpful suggestions throughout this study. The author also expresseshis sincere thanks to Dr. HakuyuOkada (Former Professor, Kyushu Univer-

2 Yasuhiro Ota

sity), Dr. Kimiyoshi Sada (Professor Emeritus, Hiroshima University) and AssociateProfessor Akihiko Matsukuma (Kyushu University), who kindly read the manuscriptwith valuable comments and suggestions. The author is especially grateful toDr. Masamichi Ota (Counsellor, Kitakyushu Museum and Institute ofNatural History),Dr. Kametoshi Kanmera (Professor Emeritus, Kyushu University) and Dr. Wilbert R.Danner (Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia), who gave him valuablecomments and helpful suggestion on this study. The author's cordial thanks are dueto Dr. Kyoichiro Ueda (Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History) andMessrs. Akihiro Sugimura and Takehiko Haikawa (Akiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural

History) for their continuous encouragements.

Systematic Paleontology

Superfamily Fusulinacea von Moller, 1878FamilyFusulinidae von Moller, 1878

Subfamily Fusulinellinae Staff and Wedekind, 1910Genus Fusulinella von Moller, 1877

Type-species: Fusulinella bocki von Moller, 1878. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Mem,Ser. 7, 25(9), p. 104-107, pi. 5, figs. 3a-3g, pi. 14, figs. 1-4. [The specimen illustrated byvon Moller (1878) as figure 1 on his plate 14was designated the holotypeof Fusulinella bocki von Moller in Thompson (1948).]

Generic diagnosis: The shell of Fusulinella is small and fusiform. Mature specimensare six to nine volutions,measuring approximately1.00to 5.00mm in length and 0.50to 2.00 mm in width. The proloculus is small and the volutions uniformly expand.The spirotheca consists of a tectum, diaphanotheca, and upper and lower tectoria.The septaare slightly fluted in the polar regions. Chomata are prominent,massive,and asymmetrical. The tunnel is moderately wide.

Remarks: The genusFusulinella was firstintroducedbyvon Moller (1877), and described with Fusulinella bocki in 1878 as the type species. Thompson (1948) designated the holotypeas fig. 1, pi. 14,and pointed out that the genus Fusulinella can bedistinguished easily from Fusulina by the structure of septa. Fusulinella are flutedonlyin the polar regions, but Fusulina are fluted throughoutthe shell. Profusulinellaalso resembles Fusulinella, but the spirothecal structure is different.

Fusulinella biconica (Hayasaka, 1924)

PI. 1, figs. 1,2

1924. Neofusulinella biconica Hayasaka. Sci. Repts. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Ser. 2, 8(1), p. 13, 14, pi. 2,

Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian Fusulinaceans from the AkiyoshiLimestone Group

figs. 4-7.1925. Fusulinella

1936. Fusulinella

figs. 15, 18.1945. Fusulinella

figs. 10-18.1958. Fusulinella

10 , pi. 4, figs.1977. Fusulinella

1989. Fusulinella

1990. Fusulinella

1995. Fusulinella

biconica, Ozawa. Jour. Coll. Sci.,Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 45, Art. 6, p. 18, 19, pi. 3, figs. 2-4.biconica, Huzimoto. Sci.Refits. Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, Sec. C, 1(2), p. 43, 44, pi. 2,

cf. Fusulinella biconica, Toriyama. JapaneseJour. GeoL, Geogr., 20(1), p. 5, 6, pi. 1,

biconica, Toriyama. Mem. Far. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 7, p. 45-48, pi. 3, figs. 5-.1,2.

biconica, M. Ota. Bull.Akiyoshi-dai Sci. Mus., (12), p. 13, pi. 3, figs. 3, 4.biconica, Ukno. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat.Hist., (24), pi. 2, fig. 1.biconica, Ozawa and Kobayashi. Guide book ofBenthos '90, pi. 3, figs. 1, 2.biconica, Y. Ota. So. Repts., Earth & Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi. 3, fig. 1.

Table 1. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Fusulinella biconica (Hayasaka)

Sample KUmber L. W. R. Prol.

D.

Prol.

Hall

461a 4.30+ 2.50+ 1,,72± 0.10 0.010

618a 4.55 2.10 2.,17 0.05 0.010

Max.

Mill.

Aver.

4.55

4.30+

4.43+

2.50+

2.10

2.30+

2.

1.

1.

,17

.721

.95±

0.10

0.05

0.08

0.010

0.010

0.010

Radius vector (mm. )

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

461a 0.13 0.18 0.25 0.38 0.53 0.78 1.03 1.25+

618a 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.43 0.55

Max.

Mln.

Aver.

0.13

0.05

0.09

0.18

0.05

0.12

0.25

0.10

0.18

0.38

0.18

0.28

0.53

0.30

0.42

0.78

0.43

0.61

1.03

0.55

0.79

1.25+

1.25+

1.25+

Ratio of Hi.,/RV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

46la 1.20 1.57 1.50 1.67 1.76 1.87 1.78 1.621

618a 1.00 2.00 1.75 2.14 1.92 2.00 2.23

Max.

Kin.

Aver.

1.20

1.00

1.10

2.00

1.57

1.79

1.75

1.50

1.63

2.14

1.67

1.91

1.92

1.76

1.84

2.00

1.87

1.94

2.23

1.78

2.01

1.62 +

1.621

1.621

Thickness of spirotheca (imm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

461a 0.015 0.025 0.030 0.055 0.055 0.080 0.115 0.055

618a 0.015 0.020 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.065 0.055

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.015

0.015

0.015

0.025

0.020

0.023

0.040

0.030

0.035

0.055

0.050

0.053

0.060

0.055

0.058

0.080

0.065

0.073

0.115

0.055

0.085

0.055

0.055

0.055

Tunnel anqle (deqrees)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

461a 8 21 20 22 32 33 30

618a 9 16 21 18 27 24

Max.

Min.

Aver.

9

8

9

21

16

19

21

20

21

22

18

20

32

27

30

33

24

29

30

30

30

4 Yasuhiro Ota

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400,012[46la] and KMNH IvP 400,013 [618a-l].

Description: The shell of Fusulinella biconica is small and fusiform, with a straight coiling axis, and slightly angular polar ends. Lateral slopes are convex. Mature specimens of seven to seven and a half volutions are 4.30+ to 4.55 mm long and 2.10 to

2.50+ mm wide. The form ratio is ranging from 1.72± to 2.17. Average form ratioof two specimens is 1.95+. Averages of the ratios of the half length to the radiusvector of the first to seven volutions of two specimens are 1.10, 1.79, 1.63, 1.91, 1.84,1.94 and 2.01, respectively. The proloculus is small and spherical and its outsidediameter ranges from 0.05 to 0.10 mm, averaging 0.08 mm for two specimens. Itswallisseemingly homogeneous, measuring 0.010 mm thick. The followingvolutionsgraduallyexpand. Average radiusvectors of the firstto seventhvolution for twospecimens are 0.09,0.12,0.18,0.28,0.42,0.61, and 0.79 mm, respectively. The spirothecais composed of a tectum, diaphanotheca and upper and lower tectoria. Averages ofthe thickness in the first to seventh volution for two specimens are 0.015,0.023,0.035,0.053, 0.058, 0.073 and 0.085 mm, respectively. Septa are thin and slightly fluted inthe polar regions. Chomata are well developed throughout the shell, and broad.Tunnel is moderately wide. Averagesof the tunnel angles of the first to sixth volutionin twospecimens are 9, 19, 21, 20, 30 and 29 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Fusulinella biconica was originally described by Hayasaka (1924), andOzawa (1925) reported thisspeciesfrom the Carboniferous part of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group. This species is a characteristic fossil of the Fusulinella biconica Zone inToriyama (1954b, 1958) and M. Ota (1968, 1977).

Occurrence: The Fusulinella biconica Zone.

Fusulinella cf. obesa Sheng, 1958

PI. 1, figs. 3, 4

Compare:1958. Fusulinella obesa Shkng. Palaeontologia Sinica, (143),N.S.,B, (7), p. 32,33, pi. 8, figs. 11-16.1981. Fusulinella obesa, Wang, Sheng and Zhang. Palaeontology ofXizang, Book3, Sci. Press,p. 26,

27, pi. 1, figs. 29, 33.1995. Fusulinella cf. obesa, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth & Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi. 3, fig. 2.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP400,014 [465a] and KMNH IvP 400,015 [467a].

Description: The shellofFusulinella cf. obesa isthickand slightly inflated fusiform witha short axisof coilingand rounded pointed poles. The lateral slopesare convexandslightly concave near the polar regions. Mature specimens of five to six and a halflength volutions are 2.30+ to 2.55 mm long and 1.25 to 1.45+ mm wide. The form

Middle Carboniferous to EarlyPermian Fusulinaceansfrom the Akiyoshi Limestone Group 5

ratio is 1.59± to 2.04 and its average is 1.82 ±. Averages of the ratios of the half to theradius vector of the first to fifth volution are 1.00, 1.90, 2.36, 2.79 and 2.15, respectively. The proloculus is small and spherical. Its outside diameter measures 0.08 to0.09 mm, averaging 0.09 for two specimens. The inner volutions are tightly coiledand the following volutions expand gradually. Average radius vectors of the first tofifth volution for two specimens are 0.08, 0.13, 0.21, 0.32 and 0.49 mm, respectively.The spirotheca is generally composed of a tectum, diaphanotheca and upper andlower tectorium in the inner volutions. However, the diaphanotheca is sometimes

indistinct. In the outer one or two volutions, the diaphanotheca is absent and theupper tectorium is discontinuous. Averages of the thickness ofspirotheca in the firstto fifth volution for two specimens are 0.015, 0.020, 0.028, 0.045 and 0.045 mm,respectively. Septa are almost straight and slightly fluted in the axial regions.Chomata are massive and broad. The tunnel is narrow in the inner volutions and

becomes wider as the shell grows. Averages of the tunnel angle of the first to fourthvolution in two specimens are 15, 22, 24 and 30 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The present specimens are similar to those ofFusulinellaobesa Sheng, 1958

from the Penchi Series of the Taitzeho Valley,Liaoning in general features. However,the present species has the better and irregularly developed chomata.

Occurrence: The Fusulinella cf. obesa Subzone in the Fusulina cf. shikokuensis Zone.

Table 2. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Fusulinella cf. obesaSheng

Sample Number L. w. R. Prol.

D.

Prol.

Hall

465a 2.,55 1.25 2.,04 0.08 0.010

467a 2.,30+ 1.45+ 1.,591 0.09 0.020

Max.

Min.

Aver.

2.

2,

2.

,55

,30+

,43+

1.45+

1.25

1.35+

2.

1.

1,

,04

.591

.821

0.09

0.08

0.09

0.020

0.010

0.015


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

465a 0.08 0.13 0.23 0.35 0.55

467a 0.08 0.13 0.18 0.28 0.43 0.65 0.78+

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.13

0.13

0.13

0.23

0.18

0.21

0.35

0.28

0.32

0.55

0.43

0.49

0.65

0.65

0.65

0.78+

0.78+

0.78+

Ratio of HI../Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

465a 1.33 3.00 3.00 3.21 2.23

467a 0.67 0.80 1.71 2.36 2.06 1.69 1.551

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.33

0.67

1.00

3.00

0.80

1.90

3.00

1.71

2.36

3.21

2.36

2.79

2.23

2.06

2.15

1.69

1.69

1.69

1.551

1.551

1.551

Yasuhiro Ota

Thickness of spirotheca (

Table 2 (continued).

mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

465a 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.045 0.035

467a 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.045 0.055 0.060 0.070

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.025

0.005

0.015

0.030

0.010

0.020

0.035

0.020

0.028

0.045

0.045

0.045

0.055

0.035

0.045

0.060

0.060

0.060

0.070

0.070

0.070

Tunnel angle (degrees)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

465a 15 IB 20 27

467a 15 26 28 33 29 _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

15

15

15

26

18

22

28

20

24

33

27

30

29

29

29

Genus Obsoletes Kireeva, 1950

Type-species: Fusulina obsoleta Schellwien, 1908. Palaeontographica, 55, p. 186-188,pi. 19, figs. 5-7.

Generic diagnosis: The shell of the genus Obsoletes is small, elongate fusiform to cylindrical with bluntly pointed poles. Mature specimens of five to six volutions are aslarge as about 5.50 mm long and 1.50 mm wide. The proloculus is small and nearlyspherical in shape. The inner volutions are tightly coiled, and the following volutionsrapidly become enlarged. The spirotheca is very thin and composed of a tectum,

protheca and thin discontinuous outer tectorium. The septa are almost unfluted,but are slightly fluted in the polar regions. Chomata are well developed and small,but fairly wide. The tunnel becomes wide rapidly according to the growth.

Remarks: Kireeva (1950) proposed the genus Obsoletes with Fusulina obsoletaSchellwien. The treatment of the genus Obsoletes is slightly different by eachauthor. For examples, Sheng, Zhang and Wang (1988) and Rozovskaya (1975)regarded the genus Obsoletes as subfamily Schwagerininae. Rauser and Fursenko(1959) and Loeblich and Tappan (1988) interpreted it as subfamily Fusulinellinae.The different opinions mainly seem to be caused by the treatment of the protheca or

primatheca. The spirotheca of Obsoletes isvery thin and the spirothecal structure cannot be determined with certainty. However, almost all of the specimens have doublelayers in the outer volutions, and the three layered spirotheca is apparently confirmedon the outer volutions in some specimens. The diaphanotheca is not clear, owing topoor preservation. Here, the author regards the genus Obsoletes as subfamilyFusulinellinae.

Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group 7

Obsoletesobsoletus (Schellwien, 1908)

PI. 1, figs. 5-8

1908. Fusulina obsoleta Schellwien. Palaeontographica, 55, p. 186-188, pi. 19, figs. 5-7.1927. Neofusulinella obsoleta, Lee. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. B,4, Fasc. 1, Geol. Surv. China, p. 18, 19,

pi. 2, fig. 19.1948. Protriticites obsoletus, Putrya. Trudy L'vovskogo Geologicheskogo Obshchestva priGosudarstvennom

Universitete im. IvanaFranko, Ser. Paleont. 1, p. 94, pi. 1, fig. 7.1950. Protriticites obsoletus, Rozovskaya. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akad. Nauk SSSR, 26, p.

10, ll.pl. l.figs. 1-4.1954. Fusulina obsoleta, Thompson. Univ. Kansas, Paleont. Contr., Protozoa. Art 5, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4

(after Schellwien, 1908).

1958. Protriticitesaff. obsoletus, Sheng. Palaeontologia Sinica, (143), N.S.,B, (7), p. 36,37, pi. 10,fig. 12.1978. Obsoletes obsoletus, Nukawa. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. 4, 18(2), p. 562, 563, pi. 12,

figs. 1,2.1989. Obsoletes sp., Ueno. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (24), pi. 2, fig. 11.1990. Obsoletes obsoletus, Ozawa and Kobayashi. Guide book ofBenthos '90, pi. 3, figs. 16-18.1991. Obsoletes obsoletus, Watanabe. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec. Pap., pi. 20, figs. 1-23.1991. ObsoletescL obsoletus, Ueno. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., (163),p. 818,pi. 4, figs. 9-

13.

1993. Obsoletes cf. obsoletus, Ueno and Mizuno. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., (170),p. 146,147, pi. 8, figs. 1-9, 10(?).

1993. Obsoletes obsoletus, Y. Ota and M. Ota. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (28), pi. 1, figs. 2, 3.1995. Obsoletesobsolelus,Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth& Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi. 3, fig. 3.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400,016 [637(b)], KMNH IvP 400,017 [637(k)],KMNH IvP 400, 018 [532a] and KMNH IvP 400, 019 [637(n)].

Description: The shell of Obsoletes obsoletus is small, and slightlyelongated fusiform,with bluntly rounded polar ends. The lateral slopes are nearly flat and slightly concave in the central portion of the shell. Mature specimens of five volutions to sixvolutions are 2.55+ to 4.15+ mm in length and 1.10+to 1.45 mm in width. The formratio isfrom 2.32± to 3.19. Average form ratio of four specimens is2.75±. Averagesof the ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to fifth volution for fourspecimens are 1.63, 1.74, 2.17, 2.98 and 3.08, respectively. The proloculus is verysmall and its outside diameter ranges from 0.06 to 0.10 mm, averaging 0.09 mm forfour specimens. The inner volutions are tightly coiled and the outer volutions become elongated rapidly. Average radius vectors of the first to fifth volution are 0.07,0.12,0.20,0.30 and 0.49 mm, respectively. Thespirotheca arecomposed ofa tectumand lowerlayer, and the upper tectorium issometimesdeveloped. In well-preservedspecimens, the diaphanotheca occasionally can be observed. Moreover, the specimens that havea thick lowerlayer in outer volutions,possess a veryfine alveolarstructure in the lower layer. Averages of the thickness of spirotheca in the first to fifthvolution forfourspecimens are 0.009, 0.015, 0.026,0.026 and 0.041 mm, respectively.The septa are slightly fluted in the axial regions and polar regions. The chomata issmall, but distinct in the inner volution and moderately wide in the inner three or

8 Yasuhiro Ota

four volutions. Tunnel is rather narrow. Averages of the tunnel angle of the first tofourth volution in four specimens are 13±, 20, 32 and 49 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: In thejigoku-dani area, Obsoletes obsoletus can be easily distinguished fromother fusulinaceans by its small and elongate fusiform shape and its almost planesepta and distinct chomata. However, the specific determination by only thespirothecal structure is very difficult, due to poor preservation.

Occurrence'. The Protriticites toriyamai Subzone and the Protriticites matsumotoi Subzonein the Obsoletes obsoletus Zone

Table 3. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Obsoletes obsoletus (Schellwien)

Sample number L. W. R. Prol.

D.

Prol.

Hall

532a 2.55+ 1.10+ 2..321 0.06 0.005

637b 4.10 1.40 2. 93 0.09 0.015

637k 4.15+ 1.30 3. 19 0.10 0.015

637<n> 3.70 1.45 2.,55 0.09 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

4.15+

2.55+

3.63+

1.45

1.10+

1.31+

3.

2.

2,

.19

.321

.751

0.10

0.06

0.09

0.015

0.005

0.013

1

0.05

0.05

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

532a 0.13 0.18 0.28 0.45 0.60+

637b 0.10 0.18 0.25 0.45 0.73

637k 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.60

637(n) 0.08 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.45 0.73

Max.

Min.

0.08

0.05

0.07

0.15

0.10

0.12

0.25

0.18

0.20

0.35

0.25

0.30

0.60

0.45

0.49

0.73

0.60+

0.69+

Ratio of Hi.,/RV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

532a 1.00 0.80 1.71 2.00 1.67 1.921

637b 2.50 2.00 2.57 4.60 4.11 2.97

637k 1.67

1.33

1.67 1.70 3.00 3.75

637fn1 2.50 2.71 2.33 2.78 2.66

Max.

Min.

Aver.

2.50 2.50 2.71 4.60 4.11 2.97

1.00 0.80 1.70 2.00 1.67 1.921

1.63 1.74 2.17 2.98 3.08 2.521

Thickness of spirotheca (mm.)

0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.035 0.045

637b 0.010 0.015 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.105

637k 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.025 0.055

637(n) 0.010 0.015 0.030 0.025 0.035 0.065

Max. 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.035 0.055 0.105

Min. 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.035 0.045

Aver. 0.009 0.015 0.026 0.026 0.041 0.072

Middle Carboniferous to EarlyPermian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group 9



637(n>

Max. 14 25 43 80 48

Min. 11 15 21 30 42

Aver. 131 20 32 49 45

Genus Protriticites Putrya, 1948

Type-species: Protriticites globulus Putrya, 1948. Trudy L'vovskogo GeologicheskogoObshchestva pri Gosudarstvennom UniversUele im. IvanaFranko, Ser. Paleont. 1, p. 89-92,pi. 1, figs. 1-4.

Generic diagnosis: The shell of genus Protriticites is small to medium in size, and fusiform to ellipsoidal in shape with a straight axis of coiling and bluntly rounded poles.Proloculus issmall. The inner volutions are tightlycoiled and the followingvolutionexpand rather rapidly. Spirotheca is moderately thick, but variable in thickness.The spirotheca of the inner volutions is composed of a tectum, diaphanotheca andthe upper and lower tectoria. In some species, the diaphanotheca can not be observed. Outer spirotheca has numerous alveoli. Septa are slightlyfluted in the axialregion. Chomata are massive and well developed.

Remarks: The genus Protriticites was first introduced by Putrya (1948) with the typespecies, Protriticites globulus. Prolriticiies globulus is characterized by slightly inflatedfusiform shape, with rather sharply pointed poles, and having outer spirotheca withperforations, sometime recognized as "Protriticites-type wall". Recently, Davydov(1990) proposed the phylogenetic line on^rolriticites-Montiparus-Rauserites, and pointedout that the genus Protriticites can be distinguished from Fusulinella by the presence ofa stable trilaminar wall without a diaphanotheca in the last volution and fromMontiparus by the existence of a distinct trilaminar "keriothecal wall" in the outer

volutions. The definitionof the genus Protriticites isvery difficult, because of gradually changing morphological features from the genus Protriticites to the genusMontiparus. Therefore, we must payattention to not only the spirothecal structuresbut also the other morphological features.

Protriticites masamichiiY. Ota, 1994

PI. l.fig. 9

1994. Protriticites masamichiiY. Ota. Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist., (13),p. 17-21, pi.2, figs. 1-7.

10 Yasuhiro Ota

1995. Protriticites masamichii, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth & Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi. 3, fig.4.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 020 [520a].

Description: The shell of Protriticites masamichii is small and moderately inflated ovalto subspherical with bluntly pointed poles. Mature specimens of four and a halfvolutions or five volutions are about 1.00 to 2.60 mm in length and 1.30 to 1.60 mm inwidth. The specimen 520a obtained from Jigoku-dani is closely similar to specimensfrom Mt. Maruyama, Mine City. Mature shell of five volutions from thejigoku-daniarea attains 1.85 mm long and 1.10 mm wide, giving a form ratio of 1.68. The ratiosof the half length to the radius vector of the first to fifth volution are 1.00, 1.00, 1.57,2.27 and 2.33, respectively. The proloculus is small and its outside diameter is 0.11mm. The first to second, occasionally third volutions are moderately tightly coiled,and the succeeding volutions expand rather rapidly. The radius vectors of the firstto the fifth volution are 0.08, 0.10, 0.18, 0.28 and 0.45 mm, respectively. Thespirotheca in the inner volutions is very thin, and composed of a tectum and upperand lower tectoria. The diaphanotheca is indistinct and occasionally missing. Thatof the outer volutions consists of a tectum and tectorium with fine alveoli. In some

specimens from Jigoku-dani, the detailed structure of the spirotheca can not be observed, owing to the poor preservation of the specimens. The thicknesses of the firstto fifth volution are 0.015,0.020,0.035,0.025 and 0.045 mm, respectively. The septaare almost straight. Chomata are well developed, and they are broad, massive andasymmetrical. The tunnel is rather narrow. The tunnel anglesof the first to fourthvolution are 11, 13,19 and 23 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Protriticites masamichii was first described by Y. Ota (1994). The speciesbelongsto the genus Protriticites, but the sizeismuchsmallerthan anyother species ofProtriticites ever known. Formerly, Protriticites matsumotoi (Kanmera) wasconsideredas the primitive type of the genus TriticUes (s. 1.). Therefore, it is entirely possiblethat variations of Protriticites matsumotoi are included in the new species, Protriticitesmasamichii, Protriticites yanagidai, and Protriticites toriyamai, described in the samepaper. We must take care in the specific determination of the primitive type ofTriticUes (s. 1.).

Occurrence: The Protriticites toriyamai Subzone in the Obsoletes obsoletus Zone.

MiddleCarboniferous to Early Permian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group 11

Table 4. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Protriticites masamichiiY. Ota

Sample Number L. W. R. Prol.

D.

Prol.

Hall

520a 1.85 1.10 1.68 0.11 0.015

Radius vector (nun. )

520a 0.08 0.10 0.18 0.28 0.45

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1.00 1.00 1.57 2.27 2.33


0.015 0.020 0.035 0.025 0.045


Protriticites matsumotoi (Kanmera, 1955)

PI. l.figs. 10-12

1955. TriticUes matsumotoi Kanmera. JapaneseJour. GeoL Geogr., 26(3-4), p. 184-186, pi. 11, figs. 6-25.

1977. Triticites (s. 1.) matsumotoi, M. Ota. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Sci. Mus., (12), p. 14, pi. 2,figs. 13, 14.1990. Montiparus matsumotoi, Ozawa and Kobayashi (partim). Guidebook ofBenthos' 90, pi. 4,fig. 4.1993. Protriticites matsumotoi, Y. Ota and M. Ota (partim). Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (28),

pi. 1, fig. 5 (non figure 4).1995. Protriticites matsumotoi, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi.3,figs. 5,

6.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 021 [489c], KMNH IvP 400, 022 [634(1)]and KMNH IvP 400, 023 [538a].

Description: The shell is small to medium, slightly inflated fusiform, with slightlybluntly pointed poles. Mature specimens of five and a halfto six volutions are approximately 2.85+ to3.55 mm long and 1.40 to 1.75 mm wide. Theform ratio rangesfrom 1.91 to2.04 ±and theaverage form ratio ofthree specimens is1.98 ±. Averagesratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to sixth volution in threespecimens are 1.11, 1.60, 1.90, 2.21,2.14,and 2.00, respectively. Proloculusissmalland spherical. Itsoutside diameter measures 0.05 to 0.07 mm, averaging 0.06 mmfor threespecimens. Shell expands ratheruniformly. Average radius vectors of thefirst to sixthvolution in three specimens are 0.08,0.13,0.20,0.31,0.50 and 0.77+ mm,respectively. Spirotheca is thin and consists of a tectum and upper and lower tectoria in the inner volution. The diaphanotheca rarelycan be observed,but sometimescan be observed in the inner volutions of the well-preserved specimens. The outer

12 Yasuhiro Ota

volutions have a keriothecal wall with very fine alveoli. Averages of the thickness inthe first to sixth volution for three specimens are 0.013,0.022, 0.028, 0.035, 0.043 and0.065 mm, respectively. Septa are almost plane. Chomata are broad and massiveand the inner ones are particularlydistinct and likeFusulinella von Moller. Tunnelis narrow and the averages of the tunnel angles of the first to fifth volution in threespecimens are 18, 24, 29, 36 and 44 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Protriticites matsumotoi was first described by Kanmera (1955) under thegenus Triticites (s. I.). Then, he described that the same specimens appeared to becomposed of four-layers, resembling closely in spirothecal structure the genusFusulinella von Moller. The specieshas a clearly discernible keriotheca belowthetectum. In the obtained specimens, it isvery difficult to confirmthe existenceof thediaphanotheca, owing to its poor preservation. However, the specimens closely resemble the species matsumotoi that was first reported from the Yayamadake Limestoneof the Hikawa Valley, Kumamoto Prefecture, in its massive and broad chomata likeFusulinella von Moller and the keriothecal spirotheca of the outer volutions. Theabove characteristics are also similar to the characteristics of the genus Protriticites.Here, the author treats the present specimensas Protriticites matsumotoi (Kanmera).

Occurrence: The Protriticites matsumotoiSubzone in the Obsoletes obsoletusZone

Table 5. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Protriticites matsumotoi (Kanmera)

Sample Number L. W. R. Prol. Prol.

D. Wall

3.55 1.75 1.91 0.07

538a 2.85+ 1.40+ 2.041 0.05 0.015

634(1) 3.40 1.70 2.00 0.05 0.010Max. 3.55 1.75 2.04+ 0.07 0.015

Min. 2.85+ 1.40 1.91 0.05 0.010

Aver. 3.27+ 1.62+ 1.981 0.06 0.012


538a

634(1) 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.53 0.80Max. 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.53 0.80

Min. 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.48 0.75

Aver. 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.31 0.50 0.77+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

538a

634(1) 1.00 1.40 1.50 2.00 2.10 1.91

Max. 1.33 1.80 2.33 2.33 2.26 2.20

Min. 1.00 1.40 1.50 2.00 2.05 1.90

Aver. 1.11 1.60 1.90 2.21 2.14 2.00



Thickness of spirotheca (mm. )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

489c 0. 015 0.020 0.035 0.035 0.040 0.070

538a 0. 005 0.015 0.025 0.030 0.040 0.060

634(1) 0. 020 0.030 0.025 0.040 0.050 0.065

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.

0.

0.

020

005

013

0.030

0.015

0.022

0.035

0.025

0.028

0.040

0.030

0.035

0.050

0.040

0.043

0.070

0.060

0.065


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

489c 14 23 26 29 33

538a 20 20 28 41 48

634(1) 20 29 34 38 50

Max.

Min.

Aver.

20

15

18

29

18

24

34

20

29

41

27

36

50

48

44

ProtriticitestoriyamaiY. Ota, 1994

PI. l.fig. 13

1994. Protriticites toriyamaiY. Ota. Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist., (13), p.22-26, pi. 3,figs. 1-4.1995. Protriticites toriyamai, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi. 3,fig. 7.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 024 [468c].

Description: The shell of Protriticites toriyamai is very small and rather thick fusiformwith bluntly to somewhat sharply pointed poles. Mature shell from thejigoku-daniarea is composed of five volutions. The axial length is 1.55 mm and the medianwidth is0.85 mm, giving a form ratio of 1.82. Thefirst volution is almost sphericalandthefollowing volutions become fusiform with a short axis ofcoiling. The ratiosof the half length to the radius vector of the first to fifth volution are 1.00, 1.75, 1.86,1.83 and 1.53, respectively. The spherical proloculus is very small and its outsidediameter measures 0.10 mm. The innervolutions are tightly coiled and the following volutions expand more or less rapidly. The radius vectors of the first to fifthvolutions are 0.08,0.10,0.18,0.30 and 0.48 mm, respectively. The spirotheca exceptforouteroneor two volutions iscomposed ofa tectum and upperand lower tectoria.The diaphanotheca is not clear. The last one or two volutions consist of a thin tectumand the lower layer with very finealveoli. The upper tectorium isdiscontinuousand sometimes indistinctive. The thicknesses ofspirothecaof the firstto fifth volutionare 0.010, 0.020, 0.035, 0.040 and 0.030 mm, respectively. Thesepta are very thinandalmost plane. Chomata aremassive, andthepoleward slopes aregentle and theinner slopes are steep. The tunnel is narrow and becomes wider as the shell grows.Thetunnel angles ofthefirst tofourth volution are 14, 17, 19 and20 degrees, respectively.

14 Yasuhiro Ota

Remarks: Protriticites toriyamai is characterized by having a very small shell for thisgenus. The specieswas first described by the author and is also obtained from Mt.Maruyama. This species is one of the most primitivespecies of this genus.

Occurrence: The Protriticites toriyamai Subzone in the Obsoletes obsoletus Zone.

Table 6. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Protriticites toriyamaiY. Ota


D.

Prol.

Hall

468c 1.55 0.85 1.82 0.10 0.010

Radius vector (mm. ]1l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

468c 0.08 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.48

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

468c 1.00 1.75 1.86 1.83 1.53

Thickness of spirotheca (;mm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

468c 0.010 0.020 0.035 0.040 0.030

Tunnel anqle (degrees)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

468c 14 17 19 20

ProtriticitesyanagidaiY. Ota, 1994PI. 1, fig. 14

1994. Protriticites yanagidaiY. Ota. Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist., (13), p. 12-16, pi. 1,figs. 1-7.1995. Protriticitesyanagidai, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi.3, fig. 8.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 025 [540a].

Description: The shell of Protriticites yanagidai is small and fusiform with somewhatsharply pointed poles. Theobtained specimen from thejigoku-dani area is incomplete, but mature shell attains six volutions. The axial length is, at least, 2.45+ mmand median width is 1.00+ mm, giving a form ratio of 2.45±. The ratios of the halflength to the radius vector ofthefirst tosixth volution are 1.00, 1.00, 2.14, 2.50, 1.94and 2.00, respectively. The proloculus issmall and spherical and is0.07 mm in itsoutsidediameter. The inner volutions are tightly coiledand the succeedingvolutionsexpand ratherrapidly. Theradius vectors ofthefirst tosixth volution are0.08, 0.13,0.18,0.25,0.40and 0.60 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is composed of a tectumand upper and lower tectorium. The diaphanotheca isvery thin and indistinctiveand rarely recognizable. Theouteroneor two volutions areseemingly composed of

Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup 15

two layers: a tectum and rather thick lower layer with very fine alveoli. The uppertectorium is discontinuous and very thin. Thicknesses of the spirotheca in the firsttosixthvolution are 0.005,0.015,0.020,0.030,0.035 and 0.060 mm, respectively. Thesepta are almost straight and slightly fluted in the axial region. The chomata arewell developed and asymmetrical. The tunnel is narrow in the inner one or twovolutionsand the succeedingvolutionsbecome wider. The tunnel angles are 6, 14,14, 25, and 34 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: In 1994, Protriticites yanagidai was first described from Mt. Maruyama, IsaQuarry, Yamaguchi Prefecture bythe author. In Mt. Maruyama, the presentspeciesis associated with Protriticites masamichii and Protriticites toriyamai.

Occurrence: The Protriticites matsumotoi Subzone in the Obsoletesobsoletus Zone

Table 7. Measurements (in Millimeters) ofProtriticites yanagidaiY. Ota

Sample Number L. H. R. Prol. Prol.

— D. Wall

540a 2.45+ 1.00+ 2.451 0.07 0.010

Radius vector (mm.)

_§10a 0.08 0.13 0.18 0.25 0.40 0.60

Ratio of HI. /Rv.

-540a 1.00 1.00 2.14 2.50 1.94 2.00

Thickness of spirotheca (mm.)1 2 3 4 5 6

540a 0.005 0.015 0.020 0.030 0.035 0.060


14 14 25 34

Genus Pseudofusulinella Thompson, 1951

Type-species: Neofusulinella occidentals Thompsonand Wheeler, 1946. GeoL Soc. Am.,Memoir 17, p. 25, 26, pi. 2, figs. 1-4. [The holotype illustrated as fig. 2, pi. 2 inThompson, Wheeler and Hazzard (1946).]

Generic diagnosis: The shell of Pseudofusulinella issmall and slightly inflated fusiformwith an almost straight axis of coiling and convex to slightly convex lateral slopes.Mature specimens are eight to nine volutions and are up to 6 mm in length. Thegeneral shape of volutions is nearly the same as the shell grows. The proloculus isvery small andspherical. The inner volutions are tightly coiled and thesucceeding

16 Yasuhiro Ota

volutions expand rather uniformly. Spirotheca is composed of a tectum anddiaphanotheca with very fine perforations. The spirotheca of the center of the shellis apparently composed of four layers like Fusulinella and Fusulina. Septa are commonly unfluted and slightly fluted in the axial regions. Chomata are broad, asymmetrical and very massive in the inner volutions and also well developed in the outervolutions. Tunnel is narrow and its path is almost straight.

Remarks: The genus Pseudofusulinella is similar to the genus Fusulinella. Accordingto Thompson (1951), Pseudofusulinella can be distinguished from Fusulinella by having axial fillings and different spirotheca structure. Furthermore, the stratigraphicposition of Pseudofusulinella is considerably higher than that of Fusulinella.

Pseudofusulinella hidaensis (Kanuma, 1953)PI. 1, figs. 15,16

1953. Wedekindellina (?) hidaensis Kanuma. Bull. Tokyo Gakugei Univ., 4, p. 31-33, pi. 3, figs. 21-23.1961. Wedekindellina (?) hidaensis, Kanuma, Takahashi and Mori. Bull. Tokyo Gakugei Univ., 12, p.

114, 115, pi. 14, figs, 5, 9-14.1990. Pseudofusulinella hidensis, Ozawa and Kobayashi. Guide book ofBenthos '90, pi. 3, fig. 13-15.1993. Pseudofusulinella hidaensis, Y. Ota and M. Ota. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (28), pi. 1,

figs. 7, 8.1995. Pseudofusulinella hidaensis, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth & Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi. 3,

figs. 9, 10.

Material: Slightly oblique-centered sections: KMNH IvP 400, 026 [492(2)-2] andKMNH IvP400, 027 [517a]. Sagittalsection: KMNH IvP 400, 028 [517b].

Description: The obtained specimensare poorlypreserved. Here, the data 492(2)-2 are shown for information. The shell of Pseudofusulinella hidaensis is small elongatefusiform with bluntly to rather sharply rounded poles. The lateral slopes are convex,but slightly concave near the polar regions. Mature specimen of seven and a halfvolutions from thejigoku-dani area is2.65mm long and 1.70mm wide,givinga formratio of 1.56. The ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to eighthvolution are 0.50, 1.67, 1.60, 2.00, 1.92, 1.75, 1.70 and 1.57, respectively. Theproloculus is very small andspherical inshape. Its outside diameter is 0.03 mm. Thefirst volution is closely coiled around the proloculus. The following volutions expand rather uniformly. The shellkeepsalmostsame the shape as the growth. Theradius vectors of the first to eighth volution are 0.05, 0.08, 0.13, 0.20, 0.33, 0.50, 0.68and 0.88 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is slightly thick and composed of fourlayers and particularly the upper tectorium isthick. Thicknesses ofspirotheca in thefirst to eighth volution are 0.010, 0.015, 0.025, 0.045, 0.055, 0.075, 0.070 and 0.050,respectively. Septaare unfluted throughouttheshell. The septal countsof the firstto eighth volution are 7,9,9±, 15,21,19,28 and 34,respectively. Chomataare com-


monly well developed and strongly developed in the inner volutions. Secondary deposits are also well developed on the spirotheca. Tunnel is narrow throughout theshell, but sometimes becomes slightlywider in the outer volutions. Tunnel angles ofthe first to seventh volution are 8, 11, 24, 15, 22, 15 and 18, degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Pseudofusulinella hidaensis was first reported as Wedekindellina (?) hidaensisfrom the Akiyama Formation, GifuPrefecture byKanuma (1953). Asalready pointedout by the author, these specimens have heavy axial fillings. Judging from this character and the general shape and features, these specimensare preferable to be recognized as the genus Pseudofusulinella.

Occurrence: The Pseudofusulinella hidaensis Subzone in the Fusulina cf. shikokuensisZone

Table 8. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Pseudofusulinella hidaensis (Kanuma)


D.

Prol.

Hall

492(21-2 1.95 1.05 1.86 0.03 0.010

517a 2.65 1.70 1.56 0.03 0.010


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

492(21-2 0.15 0.30 0.50 0.65 0.75

517a 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.50 0.68 0.88

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

492(21-2 1.50 1.71 2.00 1.73 1.58

517a 0.50 1.67 1.60 2.00 1.92 1.75 1.70 1.57


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

492(21-2 _ 0.025 0.040 0.050 _

517a 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.045 0.055 0.075 0.070 0.050


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

492(21-2 _ 11? 18? 17? _

517a 8 11 24 15 22 15 18

Septal count

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

517b 7 9 91 15 21 19 28 34

Subfamily Fusulininae von Moller, 1878

Genus Fusulina Fischer de Waldheim, 1829

Type-species: Fusulina cylindrica Fischer de Waldheim, 1829. Soc. Imp. Naluralistes

18 Yasuhiro Ota

Moscou, Bull, 1, p. 330, 331: Fusulina cylindrica of Fischer de Waldheim (1837).Oryctographie {COUVERNEMENTDE MOSCOU), p. 126, 127, pi. 13, figs. 1-5.

Generic diagnosis: The shell of the genus Fusulina is small and inflated fusiform tosubcylindrical, with bluntly pointed poles. Mature shells are five to ten volutions.The shell expands uniformly. The spirotheca is composed of a tectum,diaphanotheca and upper and lower tectoria. In advanced forms, the tectoria arethin and incomplete. Septa are rather strongly fluted. Chomata are weaklydeveloped. Axial fillingsare usuallydeveloped in the polar regions.

Remarks: The genus Fusulina is similar to the genus Fusulinella, but the former has alarger shell and closely fluted septa throughout the shell and sometimes has axialfillings. The typespecies of the genus Fusulina, Fusulina cylindrica is also similar toQuasifusulina longissima, that is typespecies of the genus Quasifusulina. AccordingtoThompson (1948), the major differences between the two species are the rates ofexpansions of the shell, sizes of mature specimens and degrees of development ofaxial fillings. Chen (1934) pointed out the difference of the spirotheca structure.The spirotheca of Quasifusulina longissima iscomposed of the thin tectum, and sometimes gently developed inner tectorium and keriotheca with ill-developed alveolarstructure. The spirothecal structure of Fusulina cylindrica is similar to that ofQuasifusulina longissima, but the former has a thin upper tectorium.

Fusulina cf. shikokuensis Ishii, 1958

PI. 1, figs. 17-20

Compare:1958. Fusulina shikokuensis Ishii. Jour. Inst. Polytech., Osaka City Univ., Ser. G,4, p. 2-5, pi. 1, fig. 1,

pi. 2, figs. 1-17, pi. 3, figs. 1-6.1995. Fusulinacf. shikokuensis,Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi. 3, figs.

11,12.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 029 [492a-l], KMNH IvP 400, 031 [492b]

and KMNH IvP 400,032 [621 (2)]. Sagittal section: KMNH IvP 400,030 [492a-2].

Description: The shell of Fusulina cf. shikokuensis is small to medium, elongatesubcylindrical tocylindrical, with bluntly pointedto rounded poles. The lateral slopesand the axis of coiling are almost straight, but the latter sometimes slightly arches.Mature specimens offive anda halftoseven anda halfvolutions are3.25 to5.30 mmlong and1.30 to2.20+ mm wide. The form ratio is ranging from 2.10 to4.08 andtheaverage form ratio of threespecimens is 2.83±. Average ratios of the halflength tothe radius vector of the first to sixth volution of three specimens are 1.27, 1.58, 1.93,1.96,2.33 and 2.15, respectively. The proloculus israther largein relative size and its

Middle Carboniferousto Early PermianFusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup 19

outside diameter ranges from 0.07 to 0.23 mm, averaging 0.14 mm for three specimens. The shell is somewhat loosely coiled. Average radius vectors of the first tosixth volution for three specimens are 0.13,0.19,0.32,0.46,0.64 and 0.84 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is thin and composed of a very poorly developed tectum, andvery thin diaphanotheca, and upper and lower tectoria. The diaphanotheca is indistinct, owing to the condition of its preservation, but sometimes can be observed.Averages of the thickness in the first to sixth volution for three specimens are 0.027,0.035, 0.042, 0.052, 0.052 and 0.065, respectively. The septa are thin and highly andirregularly fluted throughout the length of the shell. Septal counts of the first tofifth volution are 15,19,24,26 and 14+, respectively. Chomata are narrow, and weakly

and irregularly developed. The tunnel is broad and becomes wider throughoutgrowth.

Remarks: The present specimens are similar to Fusulina shikokuensis from theItadorigawa Group in western Shikoku, that was first introduced by Ishii (1958) in

general features of the shell. However, the spirothecal structure of the obtainedspecimens seems to slightly different from that of Fusulina shikokuensis. The former

has a spirotheca, consisting of a very poorly developed tectum and indistinct

diaphanotheca, and upper and lower tectorium. On the other hand, the latter has a

spirotheca ofan indistinct tectum, thick diaphanotheca, and poorly developed upperand lower tectoria.

Occurrence: The Fusulinella cf. obesa Subzone and the Pseudofusulinella hidaensisSubzone in the Fusulina cf. shikokuensis Zone.

Table 9. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Fusidina cf. shikokuensis Ishii


D.

Prol.

Wall

492a-l 5.30 1.30 4..08 0.07 0.035

492b 5.10+ 2.20+ 2,.321 0.23 0.050

621(21 3.25 1.55 2,.10 0.11 0.035

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.30

3.25

4.55+

2.20+

1.30

1.68+

4.

2,

2,

,08

,10

.831

0.23

0.07

0.14

0.050

0.035

0.040


492b

J2im_

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.15 0.20 0.35 0.50 0.65 0.93 1.10 1..18+

0.10 0.18 0.28 0.43 0.63 0.78 1.10 1.,18+

0.13 0.19 0.32 0.46 0.64 0.84 1.10 1.,18+

20 Yasuhiro Ota


Ratio of HI. /Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

492a-l 1.00 2.00 2.29 2.90 3.54 3.31

492b 0.80 0.75 0.77 0.88 1.12 0.97 1.04 1.,131

621(2) 2.00 2.00 2.73 2.11 2.32 2.16

Max.

Min.

Aver.

2.00

0.80

1.27

2.00

0.75

1.58

2.73

0.77

1.93

2.90

0.88

1.96

3.54

1.12

2.33

3.31

0.97

2.15

1.04

1.04

1.04

1.

1.

1.

,131

131

131


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

492a-l 0.015 0.035 0.035 0.045 0.055 0.060

492b 0.035 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.050 0.065 0.075 _

621(2) 0.030 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.050 0.070

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.035

0.015

0.027

0.040

0.030

0.035

0.050

0.035

0.042

0.060

0.045

0.052

0.055

0.050

0.052

0.070

0.060

0.065

0.075

0.075

0.075

Tunnel anqle (degrees)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

492a-l 16 19 32 141 _

492b 18 16 25 27 24 _

621(21 12 23 _ _ _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

18

12

15

23

16

19

32

25

29

27

141

211

24

24

24

Septal count

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

492a-2 15 19 24 26 14+

Genus Quasifusulina Chen, 1934

Type-species: Fusulina longissima von Moller, 1878. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg,Mem., Ser. 7,25(9), p. 59-61, pi. 1, fig. 4, pi. 2, figs, la-e, pi. 8, figs. la-c. [Thompson(1948) selected Fusulina longissima: pi. 8, fig. la of von Moller (1878) and pi. 13, fig.16 ofSchellwien (1908), as the holotype specimen of the genotype of Qjiasifusulina.]

Generic diagnosis: The shell of the genus Quasifusulina is elongate and subcylindrical,with bluntly rounded poles. Mature shells are five to seven volutions, measuringabout 1.20 mm in length and about 2.70 mm in width. The proloculus is moderatelylarge and spherical, and occasionally irregular in shape. The inner three or fourvolutions have rather sharply pointed poles and outer volutions become highly elongate fusiform to cylindrical. The spirotheca, composed of a tectum and the lowerlayer, is very thin and thin discontinuous layers are sometimes developed on bothsides of the upper and lower spirotheca. The septa are fluted throughout the shell.Axial fillings are heavy and occur in the axial regions or polar regions. Chomata areweakly developed.

MiddleCarboniferous to EarlyPermian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group 21

Remarks: The genus Quasifusulina was originally described by Chen (1934). Hedescribed the spirothecal structure as layers, composed of a thin tectum, keriothecawith ill-developed alveolar structure. Additionally he pointed out that the outer tectorium was absent and inner tectorium wassometimes partly developed. Accordingto Thompson (1948), the alveolar structure was not observable and the tectorium-like

layers are poorly developed both on the top and the bottom of the spirotheca. thegenus Quasifusulina can be distinguished from the genus Fusulina by its more highlyfluted septa and its much heavier axial fillings.

Quasifusulina longissima (von Moller, 1878)PI. 1, figs. 21, 22

1878. Fusulina longissima von Moller, Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, Mem., Ser. 7,25(9), p. 59-61, pi.1, fig. 4, pi. 2, figs, la-e, pi. 8, figs. la-c.

1908. Fusulinella longissima, Schellwien. Palaeontographica, 55, p. 163-165, pi. 13, figs. 14-20.1927. Schellwienia longissima, Lee. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. B,4, Fasc. 1, Geol. Surv. China, p. 111-

116, pi. 19, figs. 11-14, pi. 20, figs. 1-14.1934. Quasifusulina longissima, Chen. Palaeontologia Sinica,Ser. B, 4, Fasc. 2, p. 92, 93, pi. 5, figs. 6-

9.

1948. Quasifusulina longissima, Thompson. Univ.Kansas, Paleont. Contr., Protozoa, Art. 1, pi. 6, fig.19 (after Schellwien, 1908).

1955. Quasifusulina longissima, Kanmera. Japanese Jour. Geol. Geogr., 26(3-4), p. 183, 184, pi. 11,figs. 2-5.

1957. Quasifusulina longissima, Igo. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Sec. C, 5(47), p. 224, 225, pi. 8,figs. 13-18, pi. 11, figs. 12, 13.

1958. Quasifusulina longissima, Rozovskaya. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, Trudy Geologicheskogo Instiluta, 13,p. 77, pi. 11, fig. 1.

1958. Quasifusulina longissima, Ishii. Jour. Inst. Polytech., OsakaCity Univ., Ser. G, 4, pi. 1, fig. 51962. Quasifusulina longissima, Suyari. Jour. Gakugei, Tokushima Univ.,Nat. Sci.,12, p. 10, pi. 4, figs.

12, 13.

1978. Quasifusulina longissima, Niikawa. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV, 18(4), p. 561, 562,pi. 11, figs. 5, 7,9, 10, 12.

1990. Quasifusulina longissima, Ozawa and Kokavashi. Guidebook ofBenthos '90,pi. 4, figs. 15, 16.1995. Quasifusulina longissima,Y. Ota. Sci.Repts., Earth & Planet. Sci.,Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi. 3, fig.

13.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 033 [675(2)] and KMNH IvP 400, 034

[675(4)-2].

Description: The shell is rather small, highly elongated fusiform and cylindrical, withbluntly rounded polar ends. The axis ofcoiling is almost straight but slightly arched.The mature specimens of fiveand a half to six volutions attain axial length of4.70+ to5.25 mm long and median width of 1.20+ to 1.35 mm. Its form ratio is from 3.89 to3.92±, averaging 3.91± for two specimens. Average ratios of the half length to theradius vector of the first to sixth volution for two specimens are 1.00, 2.50, 3.34, 3.75,3.24 and 5.17±, respectively. The proloculus is small and spherical and measures

22 Yasuhiro Ota

from 0.18to 0.22mm in the outsidediameter, averaging0.20mm. The firstvolutionis tightly coiled, and the second to third volutions have rather sharply pointed poles.The following outer volutions rapidly become elongate fusiform to cylindrical.Average radius vectors of the first to sixth volution for two specimens are 0.15, 0.20,0.30,0.40,0.58 and 0.53+ mm, respectively. The spirotheca iscomposed of a tectumand lower layer, and a partlyand poorly developed discontinuous upper tectorium.Averages of the thickness in the first to sixth volution for two specimens are 0.018,0.020, 0.025, 0.033, 0.035 and 0.040 mm, respectively. The septa are stronglyflutedthroughout the shell. The axial fillings are heavy in the axial regions and polarregions. Chomata are indistinct. The tunnel is narrow in the inner three volutions,

but the outer one is indistinct. Averages of the tunnel angles of the first to thirdvolution in two specimens are 25, 32 and 36 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The specie Quasifusulina longissima is typespeciesof the genus QuasifusulinaChen, 1934. Quasifusulina longissimawas first described byvon Moller (1878) fromthe TzarewKurgan, Russiaand iswellknown in the Tethyan region, such as Indochina,North and South China and Japan. Before, in the Akiyoshi region, the occurrenceof Quasifusulina longissimawas known from the TriticUes simplex Zone (M. Ota, 1977).In thejigoku-dani area, the two horizons of the genus Quasifusulina were confirmed.The present species, Quasifusulina longissimawas obtained from the older horizon andisassociated with Quasifusulinasp. A. Quasifusulina longissima in this area has a rathersmall shell with slightly curved axis of coiling. While Quasifusulina sp. A has largeshell with an almost straight axis of coiling.

Occurrence: The Montiparus sp. A Zone.

Table 10. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Quasifusulina longissima (Moller)

Sample Number L. H. R. Prol.

D.

Prol.

Hall

675(2) 5.,25 1.35 3.89 0.22 0.020

675(4)-2 4.,70+ 1.20+ 3.924 0.18 0.020

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.

4,

4,

,25

,70+

,98+

1.35

1.20+

1.28+

3.921

3.89

3.911

0.22

0.18

0.20

0.020

0.020

0.020


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

675(2) 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.55 0.65

675(4)-2 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.40+

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.30

0.30

0.30

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.60

0.55

0.58

0.65

0.40+

0.53+



Ratio of Hi. /'Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

675(2) 1.00 2.25 3.17 4.00 3.90 4.08

675(4)-2 1.00 2.75 3.50 3.50 2.58 6.251

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.00

1.00

1.00

2.75

2.25

2.50

3.50

3.17

3.34

4.00

3.50

3.75

3.90

2.58

3.24

6.251

4.08

5.171


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

675(2) 0.020 0.025 0.025 0.035 0.040 0.045

675(4)-2 0.015 0.015 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.035

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.020

0.015

0.018

0.025

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.025

0.025

0.035

0.030

0.033

0.040

0.030

0.035

0.045

0.035

0.040


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

675(2) 24 28 31 _ _

675(4)-2 26 36 41 _ _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

26

24

25

36

28

32

41

31

36

Quasifusulina sp. API. 2, fig. 1

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 035 [675 (3) ].

Description: The shell of Quasifusulina sp.A ishighly elongate, subcylindrical to cylindrical with an almost straight axis of coiling and bluntly or rather sharply pointedpoles. Mature shellattains six and a halfvolutions, and is10.35+ mmlongand 1.70+mm wide, giving a form ratio of 5.82±. The inner volutions are fusiform with somewhat sharply pointed poles and the outer volutions rapidly become subcylindrical tocylindrical. Ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to seventhvolution are 1.50, 2.67, 3.40, 3.88,3.92, 3.88 and 5.64+, respectively. The proloculusisrather small, measuring 0.21 mmand issubspherical inshape. The inner volutionsare rather tightly coiled, but the outerone or two volutions are, moreor less, looselycoiled. Radiusvectorsof the first to seventhvolutionare 0.10,0.15,0.25,0.40,0.60,0.80 and 0.70+ mm, respectively. The spirotheca is thin and composed of a tectumand the lower layer, and sometimes developed discontinuous upper tectorium.Thicknesses of the spirotheca in the first to seventh volution are 0.015, 0.020, 0.030,0.035, 0.035, 0.060 and 0.040 mm, respectively. Septa are intensely fluted throughout the length ofshell. Chomata are absent. The tunnel is narrow and low. Tunnelangles of the first to fourth volution are 8, 31, 51 and 73degrees, respectively. Theaxial fillings occur in the axial regions and polar regions.

24 Yasuhiro Ota

Remarks: The present specimen is similar in general characters to Quasifusulinalongissima ultima first described by Kanmera (1958) from the Yayamadake Limestoneof HikawaValley, Kumamoto Prefecture. However, the present specimen has a rathersmall proloculus and straight axis of coiling and heavy axial fillings.


Table 11. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Quasifusulina sp. A


D.

Prol.

Hall

675(3) 10.35+ 1.70+ 5.821 0.21 0.030

Radius vector (mm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

675(3) 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.60 0.80 0.70+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

675(3) 1.50 2.67 3.40 3.88 3.92 3.88 5.641

Thickness of spirotheca ([mm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

675(3) 0.015 0.020 0.030 0.03S 0.035 0.060 0.040


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

675(3) 8 31 51 73 -

Quasifusulina sp. BPI. 2, figs. 2, 3

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 036 [390c-l].

section: KMNH IvP 400, 037 [614(1)].

Slightly oblique-centered

Description: The material 614(1) isobliquesection, and itssize and formcan not beobserved correctly. Here, the author shows the data on the specimen 390c-l. Theshell of Quasifusulina sp. Bishighly elongated fusiform and cylindrical, with bluntlyrounded polarends. The mature specimen hasfive volutions, measuring 6.90 mmlong and 1.65 mm wide. The form ratio is 4.18. Ratios of the half length to theradius vector of the first to fifth volution are 2.00, 4.00, 4.67, 4.58 and 3.72, respec

tively. The proloculus is medium in size and spherical in shape. Its outsidediameter measures 0.33 mm. The first volution is tightly coiled, and the succeeding second to third volutions have rather sharply pointed poles. Its followingvolutions rapidly become elongate fusiform to cylindrica. Radius vectors of the first to fifthvolution are 0.20,0.30,0.45,0.60 and 0.90 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is composedofa tectum and lower tectorium, and a partly poorly developed discontinuous


upper tectorium. The thicknesses of the first to fifth volution are 0.015,0.020,0.025,

0.035 and 0.035 mm, respectively. The septa are strongly fluted. The axial fillingsare heavy in the axial regions. Chomata are indistinct. The tunnel angles of thefirst to fourth volution are 25, 28, 38, and 51 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Quasifusulina sp. B is similar to Quasifusulina sp. A. However, the presentspecimens have a larger proloculus and lessdense axial fillings. Moreover, the horizon of Quasifusulina sp. B is younger than that of Quasifusulina sp. A. More specimens and further studies are essential to determine the final specific name.

Occurrence: The TriticUes biconicus Subzone in the TriticUesyayamadakensis Zone

Table 12. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Quasifusulina sp. B


D.

Prol.

Wall

390C-1 6.90 1.65 4.18 0.33 0.015

614(1) 4.85 1.65 2.94 0.301 0.0351

Max.

Min.

Aver.

6.90

4.85

5.88

1.65

1.65

1.65

4.18

2.94

3.56

0.33

0.301

0.321

0.0351

0.015

0.0251

Radius vector (mm.;1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

390O-1 0.20 0.30 0.45 0.60 0.90

614(1) 0.20 0.35 0.50 0.65 0.90

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.35

0.30

0.33

0.50

0.45

0.48

0.65

0.60

0.63

0.90

0.90

0.90

Ratio of HI. /Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

390c-l 2.00 4.00 4.67 4.58 3.72

614(1) 3.00 3.00 2.70 3.00 3.11

Max.

Min.

Aver.

3.00

2.00

2.50

4.00

3.00

3.50

4.67

2.70

3.69

4.58

3.00

3.79

3.72

3.11

3.42

Thickness of spirotheca (inun.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

390c-l 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.035 0.035

614(1) 0.025 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.055

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.025

0.015

0.020

0.035

0.020

0.028

0.040

0.025

0.033

0.045

0.035

0.040

0.055

0.035

0.045


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

390c-l 25 28 38 51

614(1) 8 45 4 91 _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

25

8

17

45

28

37

4 91

38

44

51

51

51

26 Yasuhiro Ota

Genus (>iia«yi«u/moidesRAUSER-CHERNOUSOVA and Rozovskaya, 1959

Type-species: Pseudotriticiles fusiformis Rozovskaya, 1952. Trudy PaleontologicheskogoInstituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 40, p. 29, pi. 1, figs. 1-3, 5.

Generic diagnosis: The genus Quasifusulinoides is fusiform to subcylindrical. Maturespecimens of fiveor six volutions are about 6.00 to 8.00 mm in length and about 2.00to 2.60 mm in width. The shell expands uniformly. The spirotheca is consideredto be composed of a tectum, protheca and inconstant inner tectorium. Septa areintensely fluted. Axial fillings are heavy. Chomata are weakly developed in the inner volutions.

Remarks: The genus Quasifusulinoides was first introduced by M.-Maklay, Rauser-Chernousova and Rozovskaya (1958). One year later Rauser-Chernousova andRozovskaya (in Rauser and Fursenko, 1959) designated Pseudotriticilesfusiformis ofRozovskaya (1952) as the genotype. Then, they described the spirotheca ofQuasifusulinoides as composed of a tectum, protheca and an irregularly developedinner tectorium. The genus Quasifusulinoides is closely similar to the genus Fusulina,but the former has a more perforated wall and its stratigraphic position is considerably younger than that of the latter. In addition, the present genus resembles thegenus Quasifusulina, but the present genus hasmore convexand inflated lateral slopesin the central portion of the shell,and more rounded polar ends. The twospirothecalstructures are also different. The spirotheca of Quasifusulina generally seems to becomposed of double layers, whereas that of Quasifusulinoides seemingly consists ofthree layers like the spirothecal structure of Fusulina. Ginkel and Villa (1991) discussed Quasifusulinoides in detail.

Quasifusulinoides (?) sp.PI. 2, fig. 4

Material: Tangential section: KMNH IvP400, 038 [639(1)].

Description: The obtained specimen isa tangentialsection and the detailed structurecan not be determined. The shell of Quasifusulinoides (?) sp. is medium in size andsomewhat elongate fusiform with bluntly pointed poles. The obtained specimen hasfive volutions. The proloculus is lacking in this specimen and the correct form cannot be determined. The volutions are constantly coiled. The spirotheca is more orless thick and composed of a tectum and upper and lower tectoria. The septa areregularly fluted throughout the shell. Chomata are absent. Axial fillings slightlyoccur in the axial region near the central portion of the shell. The tunnel is narrow.


Remarks: The collected specimen is incomplete, and the detailed structure of theshell is not clear. The present specimen differs from the genus Quasifusulina by itsthree thickly layered spirotheca and more thick fusiform shell. The genus Fusulinais also similar to the specimen, but the horizon of the present specimen is younger

than that of the genus Fusulina. Furthermore, the specimen has thicker spirothecaand seems to be an advanced or more developed form as compared with Fusulina.

Occurrence: The Protriticites matsumotoi Subzone in the Obsoletes obsoletus Zone.

Table 13. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Quasifusulinoides (?) sp.

Sample Number L. W. R. Prol. Prol.

D. Hall

639(1)


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

639(1) 0.101 0.35 0.65 1.40 1.65

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

639(1) 2.50 1.71 1.77 1.86 2.18


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

639(1) 0.015 0.060 0.070 0.070 0.070


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

639(1) 91 23 23 27

Family Schwagerinidae Dunbar and Henbest, 1930Subfamily Schwagerininae Dunbar and Henbest, 1930

Genus Montiparus Rozovskaya, 1948

Type-species: TriticUes montiparus Ehr. em. Moell. in Rozovskaya (1948). Dokl. Akad.Nauk SSSR, 59(9), p. 1637: TriticUes {Montiparus) montiparus (Ehrenberg) sensu vonMoller of Rozovskaya (1950). Trudy Paleontobgicheskogo Instituta, Akad. Nauk SSSR,26, p. 15-16, pi. 2, fig. 4-7 = Fusulina montipara Ehrenberg of von Moller (1878).Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pelersbourg, Mem, Ser. 7, 25(9), p. 61-64, pi. 3, figs. 2a-f, pi. 8, figs. 2a-c. [Rozovskaya (1975, p 252) designated the holotype of TriticUes {Montiparus)montiparus (Ehrenberg) sensu Moeller as figure 5 of plate 2 in Rozovskaya (1950).]

Generic diagnosis: The shell is oval to slightly inflated fusiform with bluntly roundedpoles. The mature specimens of five to five and a half volution are medium, attaining about 2.30 to 4.60 mm in length and about 1.10 to 2.00 mm in width. Theproloculus issmall. The inner volutionis tightly coiledand the succeeding volutions

28 Yasuhiro Ota

become more loosely coiled. The spirotheca is composed of a tectum, upper tectorium and keriotheca with fine alveolar structure. The septa are almost plane, butsometimes moderately fluted. Chomata are massive and well developed. Tunnel isnarrow.

Remarks: The genus Montiparus was established as a subgenus of TriticUes (s. 1.) byRozovskaya (1948). Rozovskaya originally designated the type species of the genus Montiparus as TriticUes montiparus Ehr. em. Moell. The designation of the typespecies of the genus Montiparus is ambiguous, whether this type species is montipara ofEhrenberg or montipara of von Moller. Wilde (1984) proposed the genusEotrilicites with type species, Fusulinamontipara (Ehrenberg) emend, von Moller,because he regarded the genus Montiparus as a synonym of the genus Schwagerina.Loeblich and Tappan (1988) considered that Rozovskaya (1975, p 252) had designated the type species of the genus Montiparusas the specimens ofRozovskaya (1950)or von Moller (1878), and not Ehrenberg. Here, the author thinks that

Rozovskaya (1948) designated the type species of Montiparus as montipara sensu von

Moller (1878), and treats the type species of the genus Montiparus as the specimen ofRozovskaya (1950, pi. 2, fig. 5) and montipara of yon Moller (1878).

Montiparus sp. API. 2, figs. 5-7

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP400,039 [679(1)], KMNH IvP 400,040 [676(1)]

and KMNH IvP 400, 041 [663(1)].

Description: The shell of Montiparus sp. A is small to medium, thick, inflated fusiformwith bluntly pointed poles. Mature specimens are six to seven volutions, measuring3.90 to 4.15+ mm long and 2.10 to 2.45+ mm wide. The form ratio is from 1.69± to1.86, averaging 1.80±. Average ratios of the half length to the radius vector of thefirst to sixth volution are 1.00, 1.53, 2.00, 1.95, 1.91 and 1.80, respectively. Theproloculus is minute. Its outside diameter measures from 0.07 to 0.10 mm, averaging 0.08 mm for three specimens. The first inner volution is spherical and tightlycoiled. The succeeding second to third volutions are also tightly coiled and becomethick fusiform. The following volutions expand rather rapidly. Average radius vectors of the first to sixth volution for three specimens are 0.08,0.13,0.20,0.39,0.68 and1.06 mm, respectively. The spirotheca of the inner four to five volutions are composed of a tectum and, the upper and lowertectoria. The succeeding spirotheca iscomposed of a tectum, an inner layer with fine alveoli and the upper tectorium.Outer most volution consists of two layers, i. e., a tectum and keriotheca. Its thickness increases as the shell grows. Averagesofthe thickness in the first to sixth volutionfor the three volutions are 0.012, 0.017, 0.033, 0.057, 0.073, 0.107 mm, respectively.


The septa are slightly fluted in axial regions. Chomata are massive and asymmetricalthroughout the shell. Tunnel is narrow and becomes wider in the outer volutions.

Averages of the tunnel angles of the first to fifth volution are 11, 18, 22, 23 and 29degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The present specimens are similar to TriticUes montiparus [(Ehrenberg)von Moller] of Kanmera (1958) from the Yayamadake Limestone, KumamotoPrefecture. However, the specimens are thicker fusiform with a short axis of coilingand have better developed chomata. The specimens are also similar to Montiparusmatsumotoi inflatus and Schwagerina (?) satoi of Watanabe (1991). Montiparusmatsumotoi inflatuswas reported from the Omi Limestone by Watanabe and has abroad variety of form and size. The size of the present specimens seems to be notincluded in his variation of Montiparus matsumotoi inflatus Watanabe and the presentspecimens are more inflated and thicker fusiform. Schwagerina (?) satoi sensuWatanabe also has a wide variety of shell size and form. The present specimens aresimilar to some specimens of Schzoagerina (?) satoiofWatanabe (1991), i. e., figure 25on plate 24. However, the present specimens are less thick fusiform.


Table 14. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Montiparus sp. A


D.

Prol.

Hall

663(1) 3.90 2.10 1.86 0.07 0.015

676(1) 4.15 2.25 1.84 0.10 0.015

679(1) 4.15+ 2.45+ 1.691 0.08 0.010

Max.

Min.

Aver.

4.15+

3.90

4.07+

2.45+

2.10

2.27+

1.86

1.691

1.801

0.10

0.07

0.08

0.015

0.010

0.013


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

663(1) 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.48 0.65 0.95

676(1) 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.43 0.80 1.33

679(1) 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.40 0.75 1.20 1.30+

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.13

0.13

0.13

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.43

0.33

0.39

0.80

0.48

0.68

1.33

0.65

1.06

1.30+

0.95

1.13+

Ratio of HI.,/RV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

663(1) 1.00 1.40 1.88 2.08 2.21 2.15 2.45

676(1) 1.00 1.40 1.88 1.65 1.44 1.60

679(1) 1.00 1.80 2.25 2.13 2.07 1.65 1.671

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.80

1.40

1.53

2.25

1.88

2.00

2.13

1.65

1.95

2.21

1.44

1.91

2.15

1.60

1.80

2.45

1.671

2.061

30 Yasuhiro Ota

Thickness of spirotheca (i


mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

663(1) 0.005 0.015 0.025 0.070 0.075 0.125 0.090

676(1) 0.015 0.020 0.040 0.045 0.090 0.090

679(1) 0.015 0.015 0.035 0.055 0.055 0.105 0.090

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.015

0.005

0.012

0.020

0.015

0.017

0.040

0.025

0.033

0.070

0.045

0.057

0.090

0.055

0.073

0.125

0.090

0.107

0.090

0.090

0.090


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

663(1) 15 17 22 22 29 41

676(1) 8 11 15 26 33

679(1) 11 25 30 21 25

Max.

Min.

Aver.

15

8

11

25

11

18

30

15

22

26

21

23

33

25

29

41

41

41

Material:

[454a].

Montiparus(?) sp. API. 2, figs. 8, 9

Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 042 [554(1)] and KMNH IvP 400, 043

Description: The shell of Montiparus (?) sp. A is small to medium in size and ratherirregular, elongated to thick fusiform with bluntly pointed poles. Mature specimensofsix to seven volutions attain 4.80 to 5.15 mm long and 2.10 to 2.15 mm wide. Theform ratio is 2.28 to 2.40, averaging 2.34 for two specimens. Average ratios of thehalf length to the radius vector of the first to sixth volution of twospecimens are 1.20,1.68,1.65,1.82,1.87 and 1.48, respectively. The proloculus issmall in size and spherical in shape. Its outside diameter ranges 0.12 to 0.13 mm, averaging 0.13 mm for twospecimens. The firstvolution issphericaland tightlycoiled. The followingvolutionsexpand gradually. Averageradius vectorsof the first to seventh volution for twospecimens are 0.16,0.23,0.34,0.53,0.76,1.05 and 1.10 mm, respectively. The spirotheca ofthe inner volutions consists of a tectum and the upper and lower tectoria, whereas theouter spirotheca is composed of a tectum, keriotheca and discontinuous upper tectorium. The thickness of the spirotheca increases as the shell grows. Averages of thethickness in the first to sixth volution for two specimens are 0.023, 0.023, 0.045, 0.058,0.060and 0.080mm, respectively. The septa are almost plane, but slightlyfluted in theaxial regions and polar regions. Chomata are massive and well developed throughout the shell. The inner chomata are particularly broad and asymmetrical. Thetunnel is narrow, but becomes wider in the outer volutions. Averages of the tunnelangles of the first to the fifth volution are 11, 14, 19, 26 and 32 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The present specimens resemble Montiparus sp. A. However, the former


is rather elongate fusiform with moderately irregular outline of shell, whereas thelatter is thick and inflated fusiform. The present specimens are also similar to Triliciteshidensis Igo, 1957of Fukuji,Hida Massif. However, the horizon of the present specimens is older that of Trilicites hidensis and the former specimens have better developed chomata ascompared withthe latter specimens. These specimens also resembleTrilicites montiparus [(Ehrenberg) von Moller], reported by Kanmera (1958) fromthe Yayamadake Limestone of Hikawa Valley, Kumamoto Prefecture. However, thepresent specimens are slightly larger than TriticUes montiparus of Kanmera (1958) andhave better developed chomata.


Table 15. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Montiparus (?) sp. A


D.

Prol.

Wall

454a 4.80 2..10 2.28 0.12 0.020

554(1) 5.15 2.,15 2.40 0.13 0.030

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.15

4.80

4.98

2.

2.

2.

.15

,10

,13

2.40

2.28

2.34

0.13

0.12

0.13

0.030

0.020

0.025

Radius vector (mm. >

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

454a 0.18 0.25 0.38 0.55 0.83 1.20

554(1) 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.68 0.90 1.10

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.18

0.13

0.16

0.25

0.20

0.23

0.38

0.30

0.34

0.55

0.50

0.53

0.83

0.68

0.76

2.40

0.90

1.05

1.10

1.10

1.10

Ratio of HI. /RV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

454a 1.00 1.60 1.80 2.14 2.00 1.07

554(1) 1.40 1.75 1.50 1.50 1.74 1.89 2.41

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.40

1.00

1.20

1.75

1.60

1.68

1.80

1.50

1.65

2.14

1.50

1.82

2.00

1.74

1.87

1.89

1.07

1.48

2.41

2.41

2.41

Thickness of: spirotheca (;mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

454a 0.025 0.030 0.040 0.055 0.060 0.075

554(1) 0.020 0.015 0.050 0.060 0.060 0.085 0.075

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.025 0..030 0.,050 0.060 0.060 0.,085 0.,075

0.020 0.,015 0..040 0.055 0.060 0.,075 0.,075

0.023 0.,023 0..045 0.058 0.060 0.,080 0.,075


454a

554(1)

Max.

Min.

Aver.

11 17 22 27 43

10 11 16 25 20

11 14 19 26 32

32 Yasuhiro Ota

Genus TriticUes Girty, 1904

Type-species: Miliolites secalicus Say, in James (1823). Account of an expedition fromPittsburg to the Rocky Mountains {Long's Expedition), Philadelphia, 1, p. 151: TriticUessecalicus (Say) of Girty (1904). Americanjour. Sci., 4th ser., 17, p. 234-240, fig. 1, 2.

Generic diagnosis: The shell of the genus TriticUes is small to medium and fusiform tosubcylindrical, possessing a straight axis of coiling and sharply to bluntly pointedpoles. The general outer line of the shell has slightly inflated lateral slopes in thecentral portion of the shell, and sometimes has slightlyconcave lateral ones. Themature specimens of ten volutions are up to 16 mm in the length and 6 mm in thewidth. The proloculus is small to medium in size. The shell gradually expands.The spirotheca consists of a tectum and keriotheca. The primitive types of speciesunder this genus have weaklyfluted septa, but the advanced species have more heavilyor irregularly fluted septa in the axial regions to the polar regions. Chomata are welldeveloped and asymmetrical. Tunnel is almost straight and single.

Remarks: The genus TriticUes has a widevariety of form and size. In this paper, theauthor tentatively distinguishes the primitive type of TriticUes (s.1.),namely, the genusProtriticitesor the genus Montiparus from Trilicites (s.s.). The primitive typeof TriticUes(s.1.), in general, hasa smallshellwithprimitive features and immature characters forthis widesense of this genus. For example, they have a small proloculus, simple andthin spirotheca and almost plane septa. In contrast, the genus TriticUes (s. s.) has arather advanced form as compared with the genera Protriticites or Montiparus. Ofcourse, the general form based on the type species of each genus appears to bedifferent. The present genus TriticUes resembles the genus Schwagerina. However,the present genus has a well-developed chomata, whereas the chomata of the lattergenus are absent or rudimentary. The genus Pseudofusulina is also similar to thepresent genus. However, the former has more developed and thicker spirotheca,larger proloculus and typically developed phrenothecae.

Triticites biconicus Toriyama, 1958

PI. 2, figs. 10-14

1954. Triticites biconica Toriyama. Mem. Far. Sci.,Kyushu Univ.,Ser. D, 4(1), p. 51.1958. Trilicites biconicaToRWAMA. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 7, p. 102-104, pi. 10, figs.

10-25.

1961. Triticites biconica, Kawano. Bull. Fac. Educ. Yamaguchi Univ., Mathem. & Sci., 11, p. 71, 72, pi.3, figs. 11-15.

1993. Triticites biconicus, Y.Ota and M. Ota. Bull.Akiyoshi-dai Mus.Nat. Hist., (28), pi. 2, fig. 2.1995. Triticites biconicus, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pi. 3, figs. 18,

19.

Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian Fusulinaceans from the AkiyoshiLimestone Group 33

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400,046 [392-b], KMNH IvP 400,044 [392b-l],

KMNH IvP 400, 045 [392b-2], KMNH IvP 400,047 [586e-l] and KMNH IvP 400,048

[605b-2].

Description: TriticUes biconica Toriyama was first introduced by Toriyama (1954a),

and originally described by Toriyama (1958). The shell of TriticUes biconicus in this

paper is rather small and inflated fusiform with a nearly straight axis of coiling andbluntly rounded poles. Mature specimens offive and a half to six volutions are 2.85+

to 3.90+ mm in length and 1.75 to 2.15+ mm in wide. The form ratio is from 1.58± to

2.09, averaging 1.82± for five specimens. Average ratios of the half length to theradius vector of the first to sixth volution for five specimens are 1.11, 1.83, 1.89,1.83,1.87 and 1.85±, respectively. The proloculus is small and spherical in shape. Theinner volution is tightly coiled and the succeeding volutions expand rather rapidly.Average radius vectors of the first to sixth volution for five specimens are 0.11, 0.17,0.28, 0.46, 0.73, and 1.01+ mm, respectively. The spirotheca is composed of a tectum, keriotheca with more or less coarse alveoli and poorly developed upper tectorium. Averages of the thickness in the first to sixth volution for five specimens are0.012, 0.026, 0.033, 0.048, 0.085 and 0.091, respectively. The septa are rather thickand weakly fluted in the axial regions. Chomata are distinct in the inner volutionand weakly developed in the outer volution. Tunnel is narrow in the inner volutions,increasing in width as the shell grows. Averages of the tunnel angles of the first tofourth volution in five specimens are 15, 25, 34 and 47 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The present specimens resemble Montiparus sp. A, but the latter specimenhas more developed and broad chomata, and its stratigraphic position is youngerthan that of the present specimens. Toriyama (1958) remarked that Triticites biconicusToriyama closely resembles TriticUes kawanoboriensis Huzimoto from Kawanobori,Oita Prefecture, South Kyushu, that had been erroneously identified with Alveolinamontipara Ehrenberg of von Moller for long time, and pointed out that Triticitesbiconicus can be distinguished from Triticites kawanoboriensis by its more inflated shelland tightly coiled inner volutions and more massive chomata. Triticites biconicus is

knownto occur in the Triticites simplex Zone, the Pseudoschxuagerina {Pseudoschwagerina)muongthensis Zone and the Pseudofusulina vulgaris Zone of M. Ota (1977).

Occurrence: The Schwagerina sp. A Subzone and the Triticites biconicus Subzone in theTriticites yayamadakensis Zone.

34 Yasuhiro Ota

Table 16. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticites biconicus Toriyama


D.

Prol.

Hall

392-b 3.65 1..75 2.,09 0.09 0.015

392b-l 3.55 1.,80 1.,97 0.14 0.015

392b-2 3.90+ 2.,10+ 1..861 0.13 0.020

586e-l 3.40+ 2.,15+ 1,.581 0.09 0.015

605b-2 2.85+ 1.,80+ 1,.581 0.12 0.015

Max.

Min.Aver.

3.90+

2.85+3.47+

2.

1.1.

.15+

,75

,92+

2.

1.

1,

,09

,581,821

0.14

0.09

0.11

0.020

0.015

0.016

Radius vector (mm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392-b 0.10 0.18 0.28 0.43 0.70 0.95

392b-l 0.13 0.18 0.28 0.45 0.70 1.03

392b-2 0.13 0.20 0.38 0.63 0.90 1.18+

586e-l 0.10 0.13 0.23 0.40 0.68 1.03

605b-2 0.10 0.15 0.23 0.38 0.65 0.88+

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.13

0.10

0.11

0.20

0.13

0.17

0.38

0.23

0.28

0.63

0.38

0.46

0.90

0.65

0.73

1.18+

0.88+

1.01+

Ratio of Hi.,tav.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392-b 0.75 1.43 1.64 1.65 1.57 1.92

392b-l 1.00 1.71 1.73 1.89 2.07 1.66

392b-2 0.80 2.13 1.87 1.68 1.81 1.66

586e-l 1.50 2.40 2.33 2.19 2.26 2.39

605b-2 1.50 1.50 1.89 1.73 1.65 1.631

Max.

Mill.

Aver.

1.50

0.75

1.11

2.40

1.43

1.83

2.33

1.64

1.89

2.19

1.65

1.83

2.26

1.57

1.87

2.39

1.6311.851

Thickness of spirotheca (:mm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392-b 0.015 0.040 0.050 0.055 0.080 0.050

392b-l 0.005 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.080 0.090

392b-2 0.015 0.025 0.025 0.050 0.080 0.110

586e-l 0.015 0.025 0.035 0.055 0.090 0.095

605b-2 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.045 0.095 0.110

Max.

Min.Aver.

0.015

0.005

0.012

0.040

0.015

0.026

0.050

0.025

0.033

0.055

0.035

0.048

0.095

0.080

0.085

0.110

0.050

0.091


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392-b 13 26 37 55 55

392b-l 17 27 40 59 211

392b-2 14 15 27 30 241

586o-l 11 22 33 51 _

605b-2 20 35 32 42 _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

20

11

15

35

IS

25

40

32

34

59

30

47

55

211

331


Triticites cf. bonus Chen and Wang, 1983

PI. 2, fig. 15

Compare:1983. Triticites bonusCm.fi and Wang. Palaeontologia Sinica, (164), N. S., B, (19), p. 70, pi. 11, figs.

10,11.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 049 [569k].

Description: The shell is small, and inflated fusiform with slightly depressed polarends. The lateral slopes are convex and slightly concave in the central portion of theshell. Mature specimen of four and a half volutions has a length of 2.05 mm and awidth of0.95 mm,givingaratioof2.16. Ratios of the half length to the radius vectorof the first to fifth volution are 1.00, 2.20, 2.56, 1.88, and 1.81 respectively. Theproloculus is small and spherical, measuring 0.08 mm in the outside diameter. Theinner volutions are coiled rather tightly and the outer volutions expand ratherrapidly. The radius vectors of the first to fifth volution are 0.08, 0.13, 0.23, 0.43 and

0.53 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is composed of a tectum and keriotheca.Thicknesses of the spirotheca of the first to fifth volution are 0.015,0.025,0.040,0.040,and 0.035mm, respectively. The septa are fluted throughout the shell. The chomataare small but distinct and asymmetrical. Tunnel is narrow. Tunnel angles of thefirst to fourth volution are 5, 20, 25 and 25 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The present specimen resembles Triticites bonus ofChen and Wang (1983)from the Maping Limestone, Yishan, Guangxi. The present species has much heavilyfluted septa and more developed chomata. More studies are necessary to determinethe final specific name.

Occurrence: The Triticites saurini Subzone in the Triticitesyayamadakensis Zone.

Table 17. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticites cf. bonusChen and Wang


D.

Prol.

Hall

569k 2.05 0.95 2.16 0.08 0.015


569k 0.08 0.13 0.23 0.43 0.53

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1.00 2.20 2.56 1.88 1.81

36 Yasuhiro Ota

Thickness of spirotheca |


!mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

569k 0.015 0.025 0.040 0.040 0.035


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

569k 5 20 25 25

Triticites haydeni (Ozawa, 1925)

PI. 2, figs. 16-18

1925. Schellwienia haydeni Ozawa. Jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tol<yo, 45, Art. 6, p. 39, 40, pl. 9, figs. 8,9a.

1937. Schwagerina haydeni, Dunbar and Skinner. Texas Univ. BulL (3701), p. 706.1958. Triticitesaff. haydeni, Kanmera. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 6(3), p. 167, 168, pl. 26,

figs. 14-19.1958. Triticites haydeni, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ.,Ser. D, 7, p. 99-102, pl. 10, figs. 1-

9.

1961. Triticites haydeni, Nogami. Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ., Kyoto, Ser. B, 27(3), p. 17, 18, pl. 2, figs. 5-7.1971. Trilicites haydeni, Leven. Museum Nationald'Histoire Naturetle, Paris, Notes elMemoires surleMoyen-

Orient, 12, p. 13, pl. 1, figs. 6, 8.1989. TriticUes haydeni, Ueno. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (24), pl. 4, fig. 5.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400,050 [379d] and KMNH IvP 400,052 [379k].

Sagittal section: KMNH IvP 4000, 051 [379g].

Description: The present specimens are obtained from limestones with the sparrycalcite cements, and the condition of the preservation is generally not so good.However, the obtained specimens are identified as Triticites haydeni, based on the general features. The shell of Triticites haydeni is medium in size and elongate fusiformwith convex to slightly concave lateral slopes. The polar ends are bluntly pointed.Mature specimens of five and a half to six volutions are 4.60 to 5.95 mm long and 1.30to 1.65 wide. The form ratio is from 3.53 to 3.61. The average form ratio of twospecimens is 3.57. Average ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first tosixth volution in two specimens are 1.05, 1.97, 2.39, 2.40, 3.07 and 3.20, respectively.The proloculus is small and spherical, measuring 0.16 to 0.24 mm in the outsidediameter. The average outside diameter of the proloculus is 0.20 mm. The innerfirst to second volutions are tightly coiled and the succeeding volutions expandrapidly. Average radius vectors of the first to sixth volution for two specimens are0.16, 0.22, 0.37, 0.59, 0.76 and 0.82 mm, respectively. The spirotheca consists of atectum and keriotheca with fine alveoli. Averages of the thickness in the first to sixthvolution for two specimens are 0.020, 0.033, 0.053, 0.068, 0.088+ and 0.075± mm.Septa are thin and moderately fluted in the polar regions and axial regions. Septalcounts of first to sixth volution are 9, 12, 16, 20, 22 and 15, respectively. Some spe-

Middle Carboniferous toEarly Permian Fusulinaceans from theAkiyoshi Limestone Group 37

cies seemingly have weak dense calcite fillings in axial regions to polar regions.Chomata are small but distinct in the inner volutions and poorly developed in theouter volutions. The tunnel is narrow and about two thirds as high as the chamberin the inner volution. Its width increases as the shell grows. Averagesof the tunnelangles of the first to fifth volution in two specimens are 22,32,34,34and 31 degrees,respectively.

Remarks: Triticites haydeni Ozawa was firstdescribed byOzawa (1925), on the basisof the specimenfrom Ueyama, Akago, Mito Town, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Toriyama(1958) regarded the Ozawa's collection: fig. 9 of Pl. 9, as lectotype of Triticiteshaydeni. In M.Ota (1977), Triticites haydeni was reported from the Pseudoschwagenna{Pseudoschwagerina) muongthensis Zone and alsoknownfrom the Triticites simplex Zoneand the Pseudofusulina vulgaris Zone.

Occurrence: The Schxuagerina (?) cf. satoiZone.

Table 18. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticites haydeni(Ozawa)

Sample Rumber L. H. R. Prol.

D.

Prol.

Hall

379d 5.95 1.65 3.61 0.24 0.035

379k 4.60 1.30 3.53 0.16 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.95

4.60

5.28

1.65

1.30

1.48

3.61

3.53

3.57

0.24

0.16

0.20

0.035

0.015

0.025

Radius vector (mm. ]1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

379d 0.18 0.25 0.45 0.70 0.83 0.93

379k 0.13 0.18 0.28 0.48 0.68 0.70

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.18

0.13

0.16

0.25

0.18

0.22

0.45

0.28

0.37

0.70

0.48

0.59

0.83

0.68

0.76

0.93

0.70

0.82

Ratio of HI. /Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

379d 1.29 1.80 2.33 2.43 3.24 3.08

379k 0.80 2.14 2.45 2.37 2.89 3.32

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.29

0.80

1.05

2.14

1.80

1.97

2.45

2.33

2.39

2.43

2.37

2.40

3.24

2.89

3.07

3.32

3.08

3.20

Thickness of spirotheca (:mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

37 9d 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.075 0.0851 0.1001

379k 0.010 0.025 0.055 0.060 0.090 0.0501

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.030

0.010

0.020

0.040

0.025

0.033

0.055

0.050

0.053

0.075

0.060

0.068

0.090

0.0851

0.0881

0.1001

0.0501

0.0751

38 Yasuhiro Ota



379k

Max. 23 37 38 34 31

Min. 20 27 29 34 31

Aver. 22 32 34 34 31

Septal count

379g

Triticites hidensis Igo, 1957

PI. 3, figs. 1,2

1957. Triticites hidensis loo. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Sec. C,5(47), p. 232-234, pl. 13, figs. 1-21.

1961. Triticites cf. hidensis, Kanuma, Takahashi and Mori. Bull. Tokyo Gakugei Univ., 12, p. 116,117, pl. 14, figs. 22, 23.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 053 [421a-l] and KMNH IvP 400, 054[567(3)].

Description: The obtained specimens are recognized as TriticUes hidensis from theFukuji, Hida Massif by their morphological characteristics. Triticites hidensis is characterized by its subrhombic shell, convex lateral slopes in the central portion of theshell. Mature shell shows five and a half to six and a half volutions, measuring about4.40+ to 4.90+ mm in the axial length and 2.05+ to 2.20+ mm in the median width.The form ratio ranges from 2.15± to 2.22±, averaging 2.19±. Average ratios of thehalf length to the radius vector of the first to sixth volution for twospecimens are 1.00,1.29,1.59,1.64,1.90 and 1.98+. The proloculus issmall. Itsoutside diameter ranges0.15 to 0.17 mm, averaging 0.16 mm for two specimens. The inner first to threevolutions are somewhat tightly coiled and the following outer volutions expand gradually. Average radius vectors of the first to sixth volution are 0.14, 0.22, 0.36, 0.53,0.72 and 0.95+ mm, respectively. The spirotheca is slightly thick to thin and composed of a tectum and keriotheca with distinct alveoli. Averages of the thickness inthe first to sixth volution for two specimens are 0.025, 0.043, 0.060, 0.073, 0.080 and0.085 mm, respectively. The septa are more or less thick and generally fluted in theaxial regions but sometimes irregularly fluted throughout the shell. Chomata arehighly developed and asymmetrical. The tunnel is low and narrow. Averages ofthe tunnel angles of the first to fourth volution are 12,19,24 and 31±, degrees, respectively.


Remarks: Triticites hidensis was first recorded from the Triticites Zone of Fukuji, southeastern part of the Hida massif by Igo (1957). He remarked that Triticites hidensiswaseasilydistinguishable from the associated Trilicites exsculptus Igo by itssubrhombicshell, septal fluting, and larger proloculus. In thejigoku-dani area, Triticites hidensisalso can be distinguished from the other specimens under the genus Triticites by itssubrhombic shell.

Occurrence: The Montiparus sp. A Zone and the Triticites saurini Subzone in theTriticites yayamadakensis Zone.

Table 19. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticites hidensisIgo


D.

Prol.

Hall

421a-l 4.,40+ 2.,05+ 2,.151 0.15 0.015

567(3) 4..90+ 2.,20+ 2.,22± 0.17 0.030

Max.

Min.

Aver.

4.

4.

4.

,90+

,40+

,65+

2.

2.

2.

.20+

.05+

.13+

2,

2.

2,

.221

,151

,191

0.17

0.15

0.16

0.030

0.015

0.023

Radius vector (mm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

421a-l 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.50 0.78 1.05+

567(3) 0.15 0.23 0.38 0.55 0.65 0.85 1.18+

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.15

0.13

0.14

0.23

0.20

0.22

0.38

0.33

0.36

0.55

0.50

0.53

0.78

0.65

0.72

1.05+

0.85

0.95+

1.18+

1.18+

1.18+

Ratio of Hi. /Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

42la-l 1.00 1.25 1.38 1.60 1.68 1.831

567(3) 1.00 1.33 1.80 1.68 2.12 2.12 2.001

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.33

1.25

1.29

1.80

1.38

1.59

1.68

1.60

1.64

2.12

1.68

1.90

2.12

1.831

1.981

2.001

2.001

2.001


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

42la-l 0.015 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.075 0.085

567(3) 0.035 0.045 0.070 0.085 0.085 0.085 0.095

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.035

0.015

0.025

0.045

0.040

0.043

0.070

0.050

0.060

0.085

0.060

0.073

0.085

0.075

0.080

0.085

0.085

0.085

0.095

0.095

0.095


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

421a-l 12 19 23 38 -

567(3) 11 19 25 241 30 _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

12

11

12

19

19

19

25

23

24

38

241

311

30

30

30

40 Yasuhiro Ota

Triticites cf. isaensis Toriyama, 1958

Pl. 3, fig. 3

Compare:1958. Triticites isaensisToRiYAMA. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 7, p. 83-85, pl. 7, figs. 35-50.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 055 [608d].

Description: The shell of the obtained specimens is small and inflated fusiform withconvex lateral slopes and rounded poles. Mature shell of four and a halfvolutions is2.90 mm long and 1.70 mm wide, giving a form ratio of 1.71. Ratios of the halflength to the radius vector of the first to fifth volution are 1.14, 1.77, 1.73, 1.63and1.58, respectively. The proloculus is medium in relative size, measuring 0.18 mm.The first one or two volutions have a short axis of coiling. Beyond the second orthird volution the axial ends become extended rather rapidly. Radius vectors of thefirst to fifth volution are 0.18, 0.33, 0.55, 0.80, and 0.90 mm, respectively. The

spirotheca is composed of a tectum and keriotheca and fine alveoli can be observedparticularly in the outer volutions. Thicknesses of the first to fifth spirotheca are0.035, 0.045, 0.060, 0.085 and 0.090 mm, respectively. Septa are thin and flutedthroughout the length of the shell. Chomata are smallbut distinct throughout theshell. Tunnel is low and narrow in the inner volutions, but becomes wide as the shell

grows. The tunnel angles of the first to third volution are 18, 18,and 23 degrees,respectively.

Remarks: The obtained specimens are closely similar to Triticites isaensis Toriyamafrom the Akiyoshi Limestone Group. However, the presentspecimens havea slightlylarger proloculus. Triticites isaensis was known to be obtained from the Triticites simplex Zone to the Pseudofusulina vulgaris Zone of M. Ota (1977).

Occurrence: The Trilicites biconicus Subzone in the Trilicites yayamadakensis Zone.

Table 20. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticites cf. isaensisToriyama


D.

Prol.

Hall

60 8d 2.90 1.70 1.71 0.18 0.030

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

608d 0.18 0.33 0.55 0.80 0.90

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

608d 1.14 1.77 1.73 1.63 1.58




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

608d 0.035 0.045 0.060 0.085 0.090


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

608d 18 18 23 -

Triticites kuroiwaensis Toriyama, 1958

Pl. 3, fig. 4

1958. Triticites kuroixvaensis Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 7, p. 113-115, pl. 12,figs. 1-12.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 056 [392a-2].

Description: The shell of Triticites kuroixvaensis is small inflated fusiform with almost

straight to slightly convex lateral slopes, and bluntly pointed poles. Mature shell offive to fiveand a half volution is 3.65+ mm in length and 2.05+ mm in width, giving aform ratio of 1.78±. Ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to sixthvolution are 1.00, 1.57, 2.09, 1.72, 2.07 and 1.70±, respectively. The proloculus issmall, measuring 0.18 mm in the outside diameter. The inner volutions are tightlycoiled and the succeeding outer volutions are considerably loosely coiled. Radiusvectors of the first to sixth volution are 0.10, 0.18, 0.28, 0.45, 0.70 and 1.10+ mm,

respectively. The spirotheca is composed of a tectum and keriotheca, but the alveolar structure is hardly observed in the inner volutions. The spirotheca of the innervolutions seemingly consists of three layers. Thicknesses of the spirotheca in the firstto sixth volution are 0.010, 0.015, 0.030, 0.045, 0.050, and 0.060 mm, respectively.Septa are thin. They are wellfluted in the polar regions and weakly developed in themiddle part of the shell. Chomata are welldeveloped except in the ultimate volution.The tunnel angles of the first to fifth volution are 17, 21, 32, 42 and 14± degrees,respectively.

Remarks: Trilicites kurohuaensis was originallydescribed from the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup by Toriyama (1958). According to Toriyama, this species is abundant inthe Trilicites simplex to Pseudofusulina vulgaris Zones of the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup. In M.Ota (1977), Triticites kuroiwaensiswas reported from the Pseudofusulinavulgaris Zone. Triticites kurohuaensis resemblesTriticites isaensis, but the former islargerthan the latter.

Occurrence: The Triticites biconicus Subzone in the Triticitesyayamadakensis Zone.

42 Yasuhiro Ota

Table 21. Measurements (in Millimeters) of TriticiteskuroiwaensisToRiYAMA


D.

Prol.

Hall

392a-2 3.65+ 2.05+ 1.781 0.18 0.020


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392a-2 0.10 0.18 0.28 0.45 0.70 1.10+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392a-2 1.00 1.57 2.09 1.72 2.07 1.701


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392a-2 0.010 0.015 0.030 0.045 0.050 0.060


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392a-2 17 21 32 42 141

Triticites michiae Toriyama, 1958

PI. 3, figs. 5-7

1958. Triticites michiaeToRiYAMA. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 7, p. 89-92, pl. 8, figs. 17-23.1993. Triticites michiae, Y. Ota and M. Ota. Bull Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (28), pl. 2, fig. 1(?).

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 057 [379p], KMNH IvP 400, 058 [379J-1]and KMNH IvP 400, 059 [694(4)].

Description: Triticites michiae has a moderate and inflated fusiform shell with an almost straight axis of coiling and bluntly rounded poles. The lateral slopes are nearlystraight to convex. Mature specimens of seven to sevenand a half volutions are 4.80+to 5.05+ long and 2.45 to 2.55+ mm wide. The form ratio is from 1.88 to 1,98±,averaging 1.94±. Average ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first toseventh of three specimens are 1.00,1.62,1.86, 2.47, 2.28, 2.50 and 1.98, respectively.The proloculusissmall and spherical in shape. Its outside diameter is from 0.07 to0.12 mm, averaging0.09 mm for three specimens. The shell expands uniformlyexcept the first to second volution. Average radiusvectorsof the first to seventh volutionfor three specimens are 0.08, 0.11, 0.18, 0.29, 0.49, 0.74 and 1.21 mm, respectively.The spirotheca is thin and consists of a tectum and distinct keriotheca. Averagesofthe thickness in the first to seventh volution for three specimens are 0.008, 0.017,0.028, 0.047, 0.075, 0.097 and 0.100 mm, respectively. The septal folds are well developed near the polar regions and slightlyoccur in the axial regions. Chomata arewell developed except the last volution. The tunnel is rather narrow in the innervolutions and becomes wide and low rather rapidly in the outer volutions. Averages

MiddleCarboniferous to EarlyPennian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group 43

of the tunnel angles of the first to sixth volution in three specimens are 11,26, 29, 35,36 and 45 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Toriyama (1958) first described Triticites michiae from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group. Then, he pointed out that Triticites michiaesomewhat resembles Triticitesozawai Toriyama, but can differ from the latter species by its less slender form andthinner spirotheca.

Occurrence: The TriticUes saurini Subzone in the TriticUes yayamadakensis Zone andthe Schiuagerina (?) cf. satoiZone.

Table 22. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticites michiaeToRiYAMA


D.

Prol.

Hall

3791-1 4.80 2.55 1.88 0.12 0.015

379D 5.05+ 2.55+ 1.981 0.07 0.020

694(4) 4.80+ 2.45 1.961 0.09 0.010

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.05+

4.80+

4.88+

2.55+

2.45

2.51+

1.981

1.88

1.941

0.12

0.07

0.09

0.020

0.010

0.015


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3791-1 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.38 0.63 0.95 1.35

379p 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.18 0.30 0.45 1.03 1.40+

694(4) 0.08 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.53 0.83 1.25

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.13

0.10

0.11

0.20

0.15

0.18

0.38

0.18

0.29

0.63

0.30

0.49

0.95

0.45

0.74

1.35

1.03

1.21

1.40+

1.40+

1.40+

Ratio of HI. /Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3791-1

37 9p

694(4)

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.00 1.50 1.57 2.75 2.29 2.36 2.06

1.00 1.75 2.00 3.00

1.00 1.50 1.57 1.67

1.00 1.62 1.86 2.47

2.75 3.22 2.12 1.751

1.80 1.92 1.76 1.751

2.28 2.50 1.98 1'.751


3791-1

_3Z2p_

694(4)

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.010 0.020 0.035 0.060 0.090 0.090 0.090

0.010 0.015 0.035 0.045 0.060 0.105 0.090 0.095

0.005 0.015 0.015 0.035 0.075 0.095 0.120

0.010 0.020 0.03S 0.060

0.005 0.015 0.015 0.035

0.008 0.017 0.028 0.047

0.090 0.105 0.120 0.095

0.060 0.090 0.090 0.095

0.075 0.097 0.100 0.095

44 Yasuhiro Ota



3791-1

379p

_69414J_

Max. 12 41 42 44 45 60 371

Min. 9 18 19 30 30 34 371

Aver. 11 26 29 35 36 45 371

Triticites cf. obai Toriyama, 1958

PI. 3, figs. 8-10

Compare:1958. Triticites obaiToRiYAMA. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D,7, p. 105-107, pl. 11,figs. 1-7.1961. Triticites obai, Nogami. Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ., Kyoto, Ser. B,27(3), p. 168, 169,pl. 2, figs. 8-11.1962. Triticites obai, Suyari. Jour. Gakugei, Tokushima Univ., Nat. Sci., 12,p. 21,pl. 6, fig. 12.1964. Triticites obai, Sada. your. Sci., Hiroshima Univ., Ser.C,4(3), p. 245-247, pl. 25,figs. 1-9, 11-

18, 30.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400,060 [558b-l ] and KMNH IvP 400,062 [373d-

2]. Sagittalsection: KMNH IvP 400, 061 [558c].

Description: Triticites cf. obai is fusiform with bluntly pointed poles. Thelateral slopesare almost straight. Mature shells of five and a half to six and a halfvolutions are3.65+ to 3.90+ mmlongand 1.65+ to 1.80+ mmwide. The form ratioisrangingfrom2.03+ to 2.36±, averaging 2.20±. Average ratios of thehalflength to the radius vectorof the first to sixth volution for two specimens are 1.00, 1.52, 2.17, 1.95, 1.98 and2.39±, respectively. The proloculus is minute and spherical. Its outside diametermeasures from 0.10 to 0.12 mm, averaging 0.11 mm. The proloculus wall is seemingly composed ofa single layer and its thickness is 0.010 mm. Theshell expandsgradually and becomes elongated in the outer volutions. Average radius vectors ofthe first to sixth volution for two specimens are 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.41, 0.64and 0.81+mm, respectively. The spirotheca is thin and composed ofa tectum and keriotheca.Averages of the thickness in the first to sixth volution are 0.008, 0.013, 0.015, 0.038,0.055, and 0.065 mm, respectively. The septa are more or less thick. The septalfluting is well developed and extends from the axial regions to the polar regions.Septal counts of the first to seventh volution are 10, 14, 15, 18, 25, 27 and 13+,respectively. Chomata are distinct and asymmetrical. The tunnel is narrow in theinner volutions and becomes wide gradually. It isabout halfashigh as the chamber.Averages of the tunnel angles ofthe first tofourth volution in two specimens are 12,16, 34 and 36 degrees, respectively.

Middle Carboniferous to Early Pennian Fusulinaceans from the AkiyoshiLimestone Group 45

Remarks: Triticites obaiwas first introduced from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group byToriyama (1958). According to Toriyama, Trilicites obaiis a characteristic speciesin the Pseudofusulina vulgaris Zone of Toriyama (1958). In thejigoku-dani area,Triticitescf. obaiwasobtained from the Schwagerina (?) cf. satoiZone and the Montiparussp. A Zone. More studies are necessary to determine the final specific name.

Occurrence: The Montiparus sp. A Zone and the Schxuagerina (?) cf. satoiZone.

Table 23. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticitescf. obai Toriyama


D.

Prol.

Hall

373d-2 3.90+ 1. 65+ 2..361 0.12 0.010

558b-l 3.65+ 1.,80+ 2.,031 0.10 0.010

Max.

Min.

Aver.

3.90+

3.65+

3.78+

1.

1.

1.

,80+

,65+

,73+

2.

2.

2.

,361

,031

,201

0.12

0.10

0.11

0.010

0.010

0.010

Radius vector (mm. ]1

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

373d-2 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.28 0.48 0.63 0.80+

558b-l 0.08 0.18 0.30 0.53 0.80 0.98+

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.18

0.13

0.16

0.30

0.20

0.25

0.53

0.28

0.41

0.80

0.48

0.64

0.98+

0.63

0.81+

0.80+

0.80+

0.80+

Ratio of Hi.;/Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

373d-2 1.00 1.60 2.00 2.09 1.89 2.88 2.501

558b-l 1.00 1.43 2.33 1.81 2.06 1.901

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.60

1.43

1.52

2.33

2.00

2.17

2.09

1.81

1.95

2.06

1.89

1.98

2.88

1.901

2.391

2.501

2.501

2.501

Thickness of spirotheca (i[tun.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

373d-2 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.040 0.065 0.090 0.070

558b-l 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.035 0.045 0.040

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.010

0.005

0.008

0.015

0.010

0.013

0.015

0.015

0.015

0.040

0.035

0.038

0.065

0.045

0.055

0.090

0.040

0.065

0.070

0.070

0.070


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

373d-2 n 15 44 47 53 _

558b-l 12 16 24 25 _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

12

11

12

16

15

16

44

24

34

47

25

36

53

53

53

Septal count

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

558c 10 14 15 18 25 27 13+

46 Yasuhiro Ota

Triticites cf. pseudosimplexChen, 1934Pl. 3, figs. 11,12

Compare:1934. Triticites pseudosimplex Chen. Palaeontohgia Sinica, Ser. B,4, Fasc. 2, p. 25,26, pl. 1, figs. 19,20.1961. Triticites pseudosimplex, Nogami. Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ., Kyoto, Ser. B, 27(3), p. 172, 173, pl. 2,

figs. 1-4.1964. Triticitescf. Triticites pseudosimplex, Sada. Jour. Sci., Hiroshima Univ.,Ser. C, 4(3), p. 249, 250,

pl. 24, fig. 20.1975. "Triticites" pseudosimplex, Sakaguchi and Yamagiwa. Mem. Osaka Kyoiktt Univ., 24(3), p. 187,

pl. 2, fig. 10.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 063 [377a-2] and KMNH IvP 400, 064

[725(1)].

Description: The shell of the obtained specimen is cylindrical fusiform, possessing astraight axis of coiling, bluntly rounded poles and almost straight lateral slopes. Themature shells of six and a half volutions show the axial length of 5.40+ to 5.85+ mmand the median width of 2.30+ to 2.35+ mm. The form ratio ranges from 2.35± to2.49±, averaging 2.42+ for two specimens. Average ratios of the half length to theradius vector of the first to seventh volution for two specimens are 1.23, 1.27, 1.75,1.99, 2.38, 2.19 and 2.00±, respectively. The proloculus is small and spherical. Itsoutside diameter measures from 0.10 to 0.11 mm, averaging 0.11 mm for two specimens. The inner first and second volutions are tightly coiled. The outer volutionsare rather looselycoiled and become elongate rapidly. Averageradius vectors of thefirst to seventh volution for two specimens are 0.10, 0.17, 0.25, 0.39, 0.62, 0.97 and1.32+mm, respectively. The spirotheca is moderately thick and composed of a tectum and keriotheca with distinct fine alveoli. Average thicknesses of the spirothecain the first to seventh volution for twospecimens are 0.018, 0.033, 0.028, 0.063,0.085,0.118 and 0.125 mm, respectively. The septa are fluted in the axial regions andstrongly fluted in the polar regions. Chomata are small but welldefined throughoutthe shell except for the last one or twovolutions. The tunnel is narrow in the innervolutions and becomes wide in the outer volutions. Averages of the tunnel angles ofthe first to fourth volution are 9, 23, 34 and 46 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Triticites pseudosimplex was first described by Chen (1934) from the SwineLimestone, South China. The present species is closelysimilar to Triticitespseudosimplexbut can be distinguished from the latter species by its slightly larger shell and lessdense calcite fillings.


Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup 47

Table 24. MeasinemenLs (in Millimeters) of Triticitescf. pseudosimplexChkn


D.

Prol.

Hall

377a-2 5.,40+ 2.,30+ 2.,351 0.10 0.010

725(1) 5.,85+ 2.,35+ 2,,491 0.11 0.005

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.

5.

5.

,85+

,40+

,63+

2.

2.

2.

,35+

,30+

.33+

2.

2,

2.

.491

,351

,421

0.11

0.10

0.11

0.010

0.005

0.008


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

377a-2 0.10 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.55 0.88 1.30+

72S(1) 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.45 0.68 1.05 1.33+

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.20

0.13

0.17

0.30

0.20

0.25

0.45

0.33

0.39

0.68

0.55

0.62

1.05

0.88

0.97

1.33+

1.30+

1.32+

Ratio of HI. /Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

377a-2 1.00 1.40 2.00 2.15 2.45 2.31 1.941

725(11 1.25 1.13 1.50 1.83 2.30 2.07 2.061

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.25

1.00

1.23

1.40

1.13

1.27

2.00

1.50

1.75

2.15

1.83

1.99

2.45

2.30

2.38

2.31

2.07

2.19

2.061

1.941

2.001

Thickness of: spirotheca (:mm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

377a-2 0.025 0.050 0.030 0.085 0.105 0.120 0.130

725(1) 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.040 0.065 0.115 0.120

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.025 0.050

0.010 0.015

0.018 0.033


0.030 0.085 0.105 0.120 0.130

0.025 0.040 0.065 0.115 0.120

0.028 0.063 0.085 0.118 0.125

725(1) 11 30 32 46 _ _

Max. 11 30 36 46 48

Min. 6 16 32 46 48

Aver. 9 23 34 46 48

Triticites saurini Igo, 1957

Pl. 3, figs. 13-18

1957. Triticites saurini Igo. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Sec. C, 5(47), p. 230-232, pl. 14, figs. 1-9.

1978. Triticites saurini, Niikawa. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. 4,18(2), p. 564, 565, pl. 13, figs.4-7.

1993. Triticitescf. saurini,Y. Ota and M. Ota. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (28), pl. 1, fig 18.1995. Triticites saurini, Y. Ota. So'. Ref)ts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pl. 4, figs. 1, 2.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 065 [429a], KMNH IvP 400, 066 [673(8)],

48 Yasuhiro Ota

KMNH IvP 400, 067 [403a-3], KMNH IvP 400, 068 [433a-l] and KMNH IvP 400, 069

[429b]. Sagittal section: KMNH IvP 400, 070 [403b].

Description: The shell of Triticites saurini is medium in size and elongate fusiformwith bluntly rounded poles. The median portion of shell is slightly inflated. Thelateral slopesare convexbut slightly concavenear the polar regions. Mature speciesof six to eight volutions are 5.60+ to 6.20 mm long and 1.95 to 2.60 mm wide. Theform ratio is from 2.27 to 3.08, averaging 2.63±for fivespecimens. Average ratios ofthe half length to the radius vector of the first to sixth volution for fivespecimens are1.47, 1.62, 2.01, 2.00, 1.93 and 2.14, respectively. The proloculus is minute to smallin relative size. Its outside diameter ranges 0.07 to 0.11 mm, averaging 0.09 mm.The shell expands uniformly except the inner tightly coiled volutions. Average radius vectors of the first to sixth volution for five specimens are 0.08, 0.15, 0.24, 0.38,0.58and 0.84 mm, respectively. Spirotheca is rather thin and composed of a tectumand keriotheca. Average thicknessesin the first to sixth volution for five specimensare 0.011, 0.024, 0.032, 0.043, 0.062 and 0.071 mm, respectively. Septa are irregularlyfluted in the polar ends and axial regions. Septal counts of the first to seventhvolution are 10, 17, 21, 23, 32, 33 and 41, respectively. Chomata are well developed,massive and asymmetrical. Somespecimens havemoderatelywidechomata. Tunnelis narrow in the inner volution and the outer one is rather wide. Averages of thetunnel angles of the first to fifth volution are 15, 22, 23, 26 and 31 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Triticites saurini wasfirst reported byIgo (1957) from the Triticites Zone ofFukuji, southeastern part of Hida Massif. The stratigraphic positions of Triticitessaurini from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group is considered to be equivalent to that ofFukuji, but some poorly preserved specimens seem to be included in the limestonesof older stratigraphic level. More detailed studies are necessary to decide the correct stratigraphic level of TriticUes saurini from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group.

Occurrence: The Montiparus sp. A Zone and the Triticites saurini Subzone in theTriticites yayamadakensis Zone.

MiddleCarboniferous to EarlyPermian Fusulinaceansfrom the Akiyoshi Limestone Group 49

Table 25. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticitessaurini Ico


D.

Prol.

Wall

403a-3 6.00 1.95 3.08 0.11 0.020

429a 5.60+ 2.25+ 2.491 0.10 0.015

429b 5.90 2.60 2.27 0.09 0.015

433a-l 6.20 2.35 2.64 0.07 0.015

673(8) 6.00 2.25 2.67 0.10 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

6.20

5.60+

5.94+

2.60

1.95

2.28

3.08

2.27

2.631

0.11

0.07

0.09

0.020

0.015

0.016

Radius vector (mm. ]»

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

403a-3 0.08 0.18 0.28 0.43 0.65 0.98

429a 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.38 0.58 0.78 1.03 1.20+

429b 0.08 0.15 0.23 0.35 0.55 0.80 1.05 1.40

433a-l 0.08 0.13 0.23 0.35 0.55 0.80 1.13

673(8) 0.08 0.13 0.23 0.38 0.58 0.83 1.08

Max.

Min.Aver.

0.10

0.08

0.08

0.18

0.13

0.15

0.28

0.23

0.24

0.43

0.35

0.38

0.65

0.55

0.58

0.98

0.78

0.84

1.13

1.03

1.07

1.40

1.20+

1.30+

Ratio of HI. /Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

403a-3 2.33 1.86 2.45 2.65 2.38 2.64

429a 1.00 1.33 1.50 1.73 1.65 1.71 2.00 2.171

429b 1.00 1.33 1.67 1.64 1.50 1.63 2.05 2.21

433a-l 1.33 1.40 1.67 1.79 2.05 2.41 2.73

673(8) 1.67 2.20 2.78 2.20 2.09 2.30 2.51

Max.

Min.

Aver.

2.33

1.00

1.47

2.20

1.33

1.62

2.78

1.50

2.01

2.65

1.64

2.00

2.381.50

1.93

2.64

1.63

2.14

2.73

2.00

2.32

2.21

2.171

2.191


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

403a-3 0.015 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.065 0.080

429a 0.010 0.020 0.035 0.050 0.055 0.055 0.050 0.050

429b 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.035 0.065 0.075 0.075 0.065

433a-l 0.010 0.025 0.025 0.045 0.065 0.080 0.080

673(81 0.010 0.030 0.040 0.045 0.060 0.065 0.050

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.015

0.010

0.011

0.030

0.015

0.024

0.040

0.0250.032

0.050

0.035

0.043

0.065

0.055

0.062

0.080

0.0550.071

0.080

0.050

0.064

0.065

0.050

0.058


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

403a-3 20 26 25 30 30

429a - 23 25 28 27 35 _

429b 20 24 25 30 30 34 45

433a-l 11 24 22 26 45

673(8) 7 11 19 18 22 27

Max.

Min.

20

7

26

11

25

19

30

18

45

22

35

27

45

45

Septal count

50 Yasuhiro Ota

Triticites aff. simplex (Schellwien, 1908)Pl. 4, figs. 1-4

Compare:1908. Fusulina simplex Schellwien. Palaeontographica, 55, p. 179-182, pl. 18, figs. 4-6, 12.1927. ScheUwienia simplex, Lee. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. B, 4, Fasc. 1, Geol. Surv. China, p. 40-42,

pl. 5, figs. 6-11, 13.1936. Triticites simplex, Huzimoto. Sci. Repts. Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, Sec. C, 1(2), p. 48-50, pl. 4,

figs. 1-6.1938. Triticites simplex, Rauser-Chernousova, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta, 7, p.

Ill, 112, pl. 3, figs. 7,8.1957. Triticites cf. simplex, Sakaoami and Omata. JapaneseJour. Geol. Geogr., 28(4), p. 255, pl. 20,

figs. 5, 6.1958. Triticites simplex, Rozovskaya. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, Trudy Geologiclieskogo Instituta, 13, p. 84, pl.

3,fig.l.1958. Triticites simplex, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 7, p. 95-99, pl. 9, figs.8-25.1961. Triticites simplex, Kawano. Bull. Fac. Educ. Yamaguchi Univ., Mathem.& Sci.,11, p. 75, 76, pl.

4, figs. 1,2.1977. Trilicites simplex, M. Ota. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Sci. Mus., (12), p. 15, pl. 2, figs. 9, 10.1989. Triticites "simplex", Ueno. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (24), pl. 4, fig. 1.

Material: Slightlyoblique-centered sections:KMNH IvP 400,071 [379c-l] and KMNHIvP 400,073 [586d]. Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400,072 [379a] and KMNH IvP 400,

074 [413b].

Description: The shell of Triticites aff. simplex is fusiform and medium in sizefor thisgenus. The lateral slopes are almost straight and are sometimes slightly concave.The polar ends are bluntly rounded. The axisof coiling isalmost straight and exceptionallyslightly arching. Mature shellsshowfive and a half to sixvolutions,measuring 3.75 to 6.00 mmlongand 2.10 to 2.40 mm wide. The form ratio is 1.74 to 2.50,averaging 2.24± for four specimens. Average ratiosof the half length to the radiusvector of the first to sixth volution for four specimens are 1.24, 1.74, 2.00, 1.94, 2.31and 2.19±, respectively. The proloculusissmalland spherical. Itsoutside diameteris 0.15 to 0.20 mm, averaging0.18 mm for four specimens. The inner volutionsaretightly coiled and the following volutions expand uniformly and become to be fusiform in the outline of shell. Average radius vectorsof the first to sixth volution forfour specimens are 0.13, 0.20, 0.33, 0.55, 0.81 and 1.19+ mm, respectively. Thespirotheca issomewhatthin, and consists of a tectum and keriotheca with fine alveoli.Average thicknesses in the first to sixth volution for four specimens are 0.018, 0.029,0.043,0.061,0.078and 0.078mm, respectively. The septa are thin and moderatelydeveloped throughout the shell. Chomata are distinct and asymmetrical in the inner volutions and weakly developed in the outer volutions The tunnel is low andnarrow. Averages of the tunnel angles of the first to fourth volution in four specimens are 17, 29, 36 and 49 degrees, respectively.


Remarks: Trilicites simplex (Schellwien) is an index fossil of the Triticites simplex ZoneofToRiYAMA (1958) and M. Ota (1977). Toriyama (1958) pointed out that Triticitessimplex was originally reported from the Schwagerinen-schichten (Sakmarian orWolfcampian) and the Cora-schichten (the upper part of the Uralian s. s.) of Russiaand correlated the Triticites simplex Zone with the Sakmarian. Since then, some geologists have correlated the Triticites simplex Zone with the basal zone of Permian age.The specimens obtained from thejigoku-dani area, are similar to Triticites simplex ofSchellwien (1908). However, the present specimens seem to have a smallerproloculus and weaker chomata as compared with Triticites simplex.

Occurrence: The TriticUes saurini Subzone and the Schxuagerina sp. A Subzone in theTriticites yayamadakensis Zone, and the Schwagerina (?) cf. satoiZone.

Table 26. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticites aff. simplex (Schellwier)


D.

Prol.

Hall

379a 5.15 2.10 2.45 0.20 0.040

379C-1 6.00 2.40 2.50 0.15 0.015

413b 3.75 2.15 1.74 0.19 0.025

586d 5.25+ 2.30+ 2.281 0.16 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

6.00

3.75

5.04+

2.40

2.10

2.24+

2.50

1.74

2.241

0.20

0.15

0.18

0.040

0.015

0.024


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

379a 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.48 0.58 1.00

379C-1 0.18 0.25 0.43 0.68 0.98 1.30

413b 0.13 0.18 0.28 0.48 0.83 1.23

586d 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.55 0.85 1.23+

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.18

0.10

0.13

0.25

0.18

0.20

0.43

0.28

0.33

0.68

0.48

0.55

0.98

0.58

0.81

1.30

1.00

1.19+

Ratio of HI../Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

379a 1.75 1.75 1.92 2.05 2.83 2.58

379c-l 0.86 1.20 1.47 1.52 1.67 2.17

413b 0.60 1.71 2.27 2.00 2.18 2.04

58 6d 1.75 2.29 2.33 2.18 2.56 1.961

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.75

0.60

1.24

2.29

1.20

1.74

2.33

1.47

2.00

2.18

1.52

1.94

2.83

1.67

2.31

2.58

1.961

2.191

52 Yasuhiro Ota



l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

379a 0.025 0.035 0.040 0.060 0.070 0.085

379C-1 0.010 0.030 0.060 0.095 0.105 0.090

413b 0.020 0.020 0.035 0.040 0.060 0.075

586d 0.015 0.030 0.035 0.050 0.075 0.060

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.025

0.010

0.018

0.035

0.020

0.029

0.060

0.035

0.043

0.095

0.040

0.061

0.105

0.060

0.078

0.090

0.060

0.078


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

379a 26 31 38 54

379C-1 12 29 33 35 _

413b 13 20 30 51 45

586d 16 35 41 56 _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

26

12

17

35

20

29

41

30

36

56

35

49

45

45

45

Triticites suzukii (Ozawa, 1925)

Pl. 4, fig. 5

1925. Schellwienia suzukiiOzawa. Jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 45, Art. 6, p. 43, 44, pl. 4, fig. 2.1958. Triticites suzukii, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 7, p. 78-81, pl. 7, figs. 12-23.1961. Triticites suzukii, Kawano. Bull.Fac. Educ. Yamaguchi Univ., Mathem. & Sci., 11, p. 67, 68, pl.

2, figs. 13-22.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 075 [581c-3].

Description: The shell of Trilicites suzukii is very small for this genus and has bluntlypointed poles and a nearly straight axis of coiling. Mature shell of four and a halfvolution is 1.73+ mm long and 0.73+ mm wide, giving a form ratio of 2.38±. Theinner volutions are small fusiform with a short axis of coiling and the followingvolutions become slightly elongate fusiform. Ratios of the half length to the radiusvector of the first to fifth volution are 1.00, 1.25, 2.00, 1.77 and 2.18±, respectively.

The proloculus is verysmall and spherical and itsoutside diameter is 0.06 mm. Thefirst to second volution is tightly coiled and the succeeding volutions expand ratherrapidly. Radius vectors of the first to fifth volution are 0.05, 0.10, 0.18, 0.33 and0.43+ mm, respectively. The spirotheca is thin, but moderately thick in this size ofshell. It is composed of a tectum and keriotheca. Thicknesses of the spirotheca ofthe first to fifth volution are 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.025, and 0.060 mm, respectively.The septa are more or less thick in a form of Triticites of this size, and almost straightand weakly fluted in the polar regions. Tunnel is low and broad, and its path isalmost straight. Tunnel angles of the first to fourth volution are 8, 16, 23 and 34degrees, respectively.

MiddleCarboniferous to EarlyPermian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group 53

Remarks: Triticites suzukii was originally described by Ozawa (1925) from Mine City,Yamaguchi Prefecture. In 1958, Toriyama examined the Ozawa's collections anddesignated the lectotype of this species as figure 22 of Plate 7 in Toriyama (1958).The obtained specimens are very similar to the variations of Triticites suzukii ofToriyama, and regarded as variations of Triticites suzukii. The Triticites simplex Zone,the Pseudoschwagerina {Pseudoschwagerina) muongthensis Zone and the Pseudofusulinavulgaris Zone of M. Ota (1977) yield Triticites suzukii (Ozawa).

Occurrence: The Schwagerina sp. A Subzone in the Triticitesyayamadakensis Zone.

Table 27. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticitessuzukii (Ozawa)


D.

Prol.

Hall

581C-3 1.73+ 0.73+ 2.381 0.06 0.010

Radius vector (mm. ;1l 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10

581c-3 0.05 0.10 0.18 0.33 0.43+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

581C-3 1.00 1.25 2.00 1.77 2.181


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

581c-3 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.060


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

581C-3 8 16 23 34

Triticites aff". suzukii (Ozawa, 1925)

Pl. 4, fig. 6

Compare:1925. Schellwienia suzukii Ozawa. Jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ., Tokyo, 45, Art. 6, p. 43, 44, pl. 4, fig. 2.1958. Triticites suzukii, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D,7, p. 78-81, pl. 7, figs. 12-23.1961. Triticites suzukii, Kawano. Bull. Fac. Educ. Yamaguchi Univ., Mathem. &Sci., 11,p. 67,68, pl.

2, figs. 13-22.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 076 [373a-l].

Description: The shell of Triticites aff. suzukii issmalland inflated fusiformwithslightlysharply pointed poles. Mature shell of six volutions is 3.10 mm long and 1.40 mmwide, givinga form ratio of 2.21. Inner volutions show fusiform shape with a shortaxis of coiling and rather sharply pointed poles, but the outer volutions become elon-

54 Yasuhiro Ota

gate with slightly rounded poles. Ratios of the half length to the radius vector of thefirst to sixth volution are 1.00, 1.14, 2.00, 1.67, 1.95 and 2.00, respectively. Theproloculus is small in size and spherical. Its outside diameter is 0.13 mm. The inner volutions are somewhat tightly coiled and the following outer volutions expandrather rapidly. Radius vectors of the first to sixth volution are 0.10, 0.18, 0.23, 0.38,

0.55 and 0.73 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is thin and composed of a tectumand keriotheca with distinct fine alveoli. The septa are almost straight, but slightlyfluted in the axial regions to polar regions. Thicknesses of the spirotheca of the firstto sixth volution are 0.015, 0.015, 0.030, 0.035, 0.050 and 0.055 mm, respectively.Tunnel is low and narrow in the inner volutions and becomes wider in the outer

volutions. Tunnel angles of the first to fifth volution are 34, 54, 56, 66 and 65, degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The present species is similar to Triticites suzukiiin general shape, but itssize and number of volutions are different to those of the latter specimens. Thepresent species is also similar to Trilicites isaensis in size, but the latter species has moreirregularly fluted septa throughout the shell.


Table 28. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticitesaff'. suzukii (Ozawa)


D.

Prol.

Wall

373a-l 3.10 1.40 2.21 0.13 0.015


373a-l 0.10 0.18 0.23 0.38 0.55 0.73

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

373a-l 1.00 1.14 2.00 1.67 1.95 2.00


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

373a-l 0.015 0.015 0.030 0.035 0.050 0.055


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

373a-l 34 54 56 66 65

Triticitesyayamadakensis Kanmera, 1955Pl. 4, figs. 7-14

1955. Triticitesyayamadakensis Kanmera. Japanesejour. GeoL Geogr., 26(3-4), p. 186-188,pl. 12, figs.1-20.


1962. Triticites yayamadakensis, Suyaki. Jour. Gakugei, Tokushima Univ., Nat. Sci., 12, p. 17,pl. 5, figs.7-9.

1990. Triticites yayamadakensis, Ozawa and Kobayashi. Guide book ofBenthos '90, pl. 4, figs. 6, 7.1995. Triticitesyayamadakensis, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pl. 4, figs.

3-7.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 077 [605b-l], KMNH IvP 400, 078 [392A-

1], KMNH IvP 400, 079 [392a-3], KMNH IvP 400, 080 [439b], KMNH IvP 400, 081

[581j], KMNH IvP 400, 082 [569d], KMNH IvP 400,083 [392c-l] and KMNH IvP 400,084 [392a-4].

Description: The shell of Triticites yayamadakensis is small and elongate fusiform withalmoststraight axisofcoilingand bluntlypointed poles. The lateral slopesare slightlyconvex to concave. Mature specimens of five and six volutions are 3.50 to 4.55 mm

long and 1.40 to 1.90 mm wide. The ratio is 2.03 to 3.25, averaging 2.47 for eightspecimens. Average ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to fifthvolution for eight specimens are 1.18, 1.88, 2.18, 2.47 and 2.45, respectively. Theproloculus is small and spherical. Its outside diameter ranges 0.10 from 0.12 mm,averaging 0.11 mm for eight specimens. The first volution is tightly coiled and thesecond to third volutions are looser, but still tightly coiled. The following volutionsexpand rather rapidly and become elongate fusiform. Average radius vectors of thefirst to fifth volution for eight specimens are 0.09, 0.14, 0.24, 0.41 and 0.67 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is thin in comparison to the size of the shell and composed of a tectum and keriotheca withvery fine alveoli. Averages of the thickness inthe first to fifth volution for eight specimens are 0.013, 0.019, 0.027, 0.053 and 0.061mm, respectively. Septa are thin and almost unfluted across the shell, but slightlycoiled in the axial regions to the polar regions. Chomata are small and asymmetrical, but distinct. Tunnel is low and narrow in the inner volutions and becomes wide

in the outer volutions. Average of the tunnel angles of first volution of seven specimens is 14 degrees and averagesof the tunnel angles of the second to fourth volutionfor eight specimens are 26, 36 and 51+, degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Triticites yayamadakensis was first described by Kanmera (1958) from theTriticites (s. I.) matsumotoi Zoneof the Yayamadake Limestone, Kumamoto Prefecture,Kyushu. In the Jigoku-dani area, Triticites yayamadakensis is an index fossil of theTriticites yayamadakensis Zone and seems to occur at a slightly younger stratigraphichorizon than that of the Yayamadake Limestone. Triticites yayamadakensis is abundant and widely traceable in thejigoku-dani area. Triticites yayamadakensis from theTriticites biconicus Subzone has a rather advanced form compared to that from thelower part of the Triticites yayamadakensis Zone, i. e. the TriticUes saurini Subzone.Triticites yayamadakensis can be distinguished from Protriticites matsumotoi by the general outline of itsshell and byits more advanced spirotheca.

56 Yasuhiro Ota

Occurrence: The Triticites saurini, Schxuagerina sp. A and Triticites biconicus Subzones inthe Triticites yayamadakensis Zone.

Table 29. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticites yayamadakensis Kanmera


D.

Prol.

Hall

392A-1 3.85 1.90 2.03 0.11 0.010

392a-3 3.50 1.55 2.26 0.12 0.015

392a-4 4.55 1.40 3.25 0.12 0.015

392C-1 4.40 1.80 2.44 0.11 0.010

439b 3.60+ 1.55+ 2.321 0.12 0.015

569d 3.70+ 1.40+ 2.641 0.12 0.015

5811 3.90+ 1.65+ 2.361 0.11 0.015

605b-l 4.40 1.80 2.44 0.10 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

4.55

3.50

3.99+

1.90

1.40

1.63+

3.25

2.03

2.47

0.12

0.10

0.11

0.015

0.010

0.014


l 2

392A-1

439b

5811

605b-l

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.08 0.13 0.20 0.38 0.58 0.90

0.10 0.15 0.28 0.48 0.73 0.83

0.10 0.15 0.28 0.45 0.75

0.08 0.13 0.20 0.38 0.65 0.95

0.08 0.15 0.23 0.40 0.65 0.85+

0.10 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.68 0.75+

0.08 0.13 0.25 0.45 0.75 0.88+

0.08 0.15 0.23 0.33 0.53 0.78

0.10 0.15 0.28 0.48 0.75 0.95

0.08 0.13 0.20 0.33 0.53 0.75+

0.09 0.14 0.24 0.41 0.67 0.85+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

_581j_

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.67 2.50 2.68 3.56 2.97 2.84

1.00 1.33 1.64 1.89 1.81 2.13

1.18 1.88 2.18 2.47 2.45 2.421

Middle Carboniferous to EarlyPermian Fusulinaceans from the AkiyoshiLimestone Group 57



l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392A-1 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.070 0.090 0.080

392a-3 0.015 0.025 0.035 0.040 0.040 0.040

392a-4 0.015 0.025 0.030 0.050 0.065

392C-1 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.060 0.060 0.065

439b 0.010 0.020 0.035 0.055 0.060 0.060

569d 0.010 0.015 0.015 0.035 0.050 0.050

5811 0.010 0.015 0.035 0.075 0.075 0.065

605b-1 0.015 0.015 0.020 0.040 0.050 0.050

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.015

0.010

0.013

0.025

0.015

0.019

0.035

0.015

0.027

0.075

0.035

0.053

0.090

0.040

0.061

0.080

0.040

0.059


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

392A-1 _ 34 38 42 41

392a-3 12 21 39 48 _

392a-4 22 27 41 71+

392c-l 11 23 34 43 45

439b 21 40 54 56 _

569d 12 23 34 64 _

5811 13 19 44 48 _

605b-l 10 19 25 38 53

Max.

Min.

Aver.

22

10

14

40

19

26

54

25

39

71+

38

51+

53

41

46

Triticitesyayamadakensisevectus Kanmkra, 1958Pl. 4, figs. 15-18

1958. Triticites yayamadaketisis evectus Kanmera. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D,6(3), p. 163-165, pl. 25, figs. 1-10.

1991. 'Triticitesyayamadakensis evectus, Watanabe. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec. Pap., pl. 18, figs. 20-33.1993. Triticitesyayamadakensis evectus,Y. Ota andM. Ota. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (28), pl.

1, fig. 15.

1995. Triticitesyayamadakensis evectus,Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pl.4, figs. 8, 9.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 085 [687(b)-l], KMNH IvP 400, 086[694(18)], KMNH IvP400, 087 [569'(1)] and KMNH IvP400, 088 [686(1)].

Description: The shell of Triticites yayamadakensis evectus Kanmera is small to more orless medium in size and slightly elongate fusiform with bluntly pointed poles. Thelateral slopes are convex to slightly concave near the polarends. Mature specimensare five and a half tosixvolutions, attaining4.95 to 5.85 mmlongand 2.15 to 2.30 mmwide. The form ratio is2.30 to 2.54, averaging 2.41± for fourspecimens. Average

58 Yasuhiro Ota

ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to the sixth volution for four

specimens are 1.48,2.08,2.25,2.41,2.59 and 2.40, respectively. Proloculus is minute

and its outside diameter measures 0.12 to 0.90 mm, averaging 0.32 mm for four

specimens. The inner one or two volutions are tightly coiled and the following onesexpand rather rapidly. Average radius vectors of the first to sixth volution for fourspecimens are 0.10, 0.16, 0.27, 0.51, 0.73 and 1.15+, respectively. The spirotheca ismoderately thin to thick, and becomes gradually thin poleward. Averagesof the thickness in the first to sixth volution for four specimens are 0.013, 0.016, 0.031, 0.061,0.096 and 0.094 mm, respectively. Septa are almost plane, but slightly fluted in theaxial regions to polar regions. The chomata are small, but distinct. Tunnel is lowand narrow in the inner volutions. Averages of the tunnel angles of the first to fourthvolution in four specimens are 20, 26, 39 and 48 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Triticitesyayamadakensis evectuswas first introduced byKanmera (1958) fromthe Yayamadake Limestone, Kyushu,Japan. Asalready pointed out by him, Triticitesyayamadakensis evectus differs from Triticites yayamadakensis yayamadakensis in the largershell and the thicker spirotheca and, from Triticites ozaxuai in its smaller proloculusand more tightly coiled inner volutions. However, the differences of the horizonbetween Triticites yayamadakensis yayamadakensis and Triticites yayamadakensis evectus,are not clear in thejigoku-dani area, Akiyoshi. Here, the author tentatively correlatesthe biohorizon of TriticUes yayamadakensis evectus with that of Triticites yayamadakensisyayamadakensis.

Occurrence: The Triticites sauriniSubzone in the Trilicites yayamadakensis Zone.

Table 30. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Triticites yayamadakensis evectus Kanmera


0.

Prol.

Hall

569'flJ 5.10+ 2.15+ 2.371 0.13 0.010

686m 4.95 2.15 2.30 0.13 0.015

687<b)-l 5.85 2.30 2.54 0.12 0.015

694(18) 5.45 2.25 2.42 0.90 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.85

4.95

5.34+

2.30

2.15

2.21+

2.54

2.30

2.411

0.90

0.12

0.32

0.015

0.010

0.014


569-(D

686(1)

687(b)-!

694(18) 0.06 0.15 0.30 0.50 0.58 1.28Max. 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.70 0.95 1.28

Min. 0.08 0.15 0.23 0.40 0.58 0.98

Aver. 0.10 0.16 0.27 0.51 0.73 1.15+



Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

569'(1) 1.40 2.13 2.08 3.04 2.71 2.25

686(1) 1.50 2.17 2.33 2.25 2.11 2.51

687(b)-l 1.33 2.00 2.40 2.24 2.14 2.71

694(18) 1.67 2.00 2.17 2.10 3.39 2.12

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.67

1.33

1.48

2.17

2.00

2.08

2.40

2.08

2.25

3.04

2.10

2.41

3.39

2.11

2.59

2.71

2.12

2.40


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

569'(1) 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.090 0.090 0.105

686(1) 0.010 0.020 0.035 0.055 0.110 0.105

687(b)-l 0.015 0.015 0.030 0.040 0.080 0.080

694(18) 0.015 0.015 0.035 0.060 0.105 0.085

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.015

0.010

0.013

0.020

0.015

0.016

0.035

0.025

0.031

0.090

0.040

0.061

0.105

0.080

0.096

0.105

0.080

0.094

Tunnel angle (deqrees)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

569'(1) 13 14 27 51 45

686(1) 30 35 39 37 49

687(b)-l 11 15 29 42 _

694(18) 24 41 62 60 72

Max. 30 41 62 60 72

Min. 11 14 27 37 45

Aver. 20 26 39 48 55

Genus Schwagerina von Moller, 1877

Type-species: Borelis princeps Ehrenberg, 1842. Bericht uber die zu Bekanntmachunggeeigneten Verhandlungen der Kbniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zuBerlin, p.274: Schwagerina princeps (Ehrenberg) ofDunbarandSkinner (1936). Jour.Paleontology, 10,p. 86,87, pl. 10,figs, 1-5, 7-11. [Figure9 in Plate10of Dunbar andSkinner (1936) was later designated as the holotype of this species by Thompson(1948).]

Generic diagnosis: Theshell of thegenus Schwagerina issmall fusiform tosubcylindricalwith straight to nearly straight axis of coiling, and slightly sharply rounded poles.Mature shells are up toabout6.00 mm. Theproloculus issmall. Theshell expandsgradually. The spirotheca is composed of a tectum and well-defined keriotheca.Septa are strongly and regularly fluted throughout the length of the shell, but theprimitive species under this genus are fluted only in the lower half of chambers.Chomata are absent or rudimentary and sometimes distinct in the inner volutions.Tunnel path is generally straight.

60 Yasuhiro Ota

Remarks: The genus Schwagerina has wide variations of its morphology. Detailedfeatures of the genus Schwagerina were studied by Dunbar and Skinner (1936), andtheir figure 9 in plate 10 was later designated as the holotype for this genus byThomp

son (1948).

Schwagerina okafujiiToriyama, 1958

Pl. 5, fig. 1

1958. Schwagerina okafujiiToRlYama. Mem. Fac. Sci.,Kyushu Univ.,Ser. D, 7, p. 126-129. pl. 14, figs.1-16.

1961. Schwagerina okafujii, Kawano. Bull. Fac. Educ. Yamaguchi Univ., Mathem. & Sci., 11, p. 82,83,pl. 4, figs. 24-27.

1961. Pseudofusulina okafujii, Morikawa and Isomi. Geol. Sunt. Japan, Rep. (191), p. 14, pl. 6, figs.1-8, p. 15, figs. 7, 8.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 089 [312a-2].

Description: The shell of Schwagerina okafujii is small and inflated fusiform, with ashort and almost straight axis of coiling, and bluntly pointed poles. Mature shell offive and a half volutions is 3.80+ mm long and 1.95+ mm wide, given a form ratio of1.95+. Ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to fifth volution are0.88, 1.14, 1.40, 1.61 and 1.88+. The proloculus is rather large in this size andspherical. Its outside diameter is0.28 mm. The inner first to second volutions arerather tightly coiled and the outer volutions expand uniformly. Radius vectors ofthe first to fifth volution are 0.20, 0.35, 0.50, 0.78 and 1.03+ mm, respectively. Thespirotheca is rather thick for this sizeof shells. Thicknesses of the spirotheca in thefirst to fifth volution are 0.030,0.035,0.060,0.065 and 0.065 mm, respectively. Septaare thin. They are fluted throughout the shell, but especially strongly fluted in axialand polar regions. The chomata are very weakly developed in the inner volutions.Tunnel is narrow in the inner volutions and becomes wider in the outer volutions.

Tunnel angles of the first to third volution are 24, 26 and 28 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Schwagerina okafujiiwas firstdescribed from the Akiyoshi Limestone GroupbyToriyama (1958). At that time, Toriyama stated that this species was a ratherprimitive member of the genus and was intermediate in general structure betweenSchwagerina and Triticites. Furthermore, Toriyama pointed out that the stratigraphicrange of Schwagerina okafujii was restricted to the Trilicites simplex Zone to thePseudofusulina vulgarisZoneofTori yama (1958). In thejigoku-dani area,the presentspecimen wasobtained from the Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis Zone.

Occurrence: The Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis Zone.


Table 31. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schwagerina okafujiiToRiYAMA


D.

Prol.

Wall

312a-2 3.80+ 1.95+ 1.951 0.28 0.050

Radius vector (mm.;Il 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

312a-2 0.20 0.35 0.50 0.78 1.03+

Ratio of HI. /Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

312a-2 0.88 1.14 1.40 1.61 1.881

Thickness of spirotheca (iran.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

312a-2 0.030 0.035 0.060 0.065 0.065


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

312a-2 24 26 28 -

Schwagerina primigena Nogami, 1961PI. 5, fig. 2

1961. Schwagerina primigena Nooami. Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ., Kyoto, Ser. B, 27(3), p. 187-189, pl. 2,figs. 16-22.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 090 [313f].

Description: The shell from thejigoku-dani area is small to medium, and slightlyelongated fusiform to fusiform withbluntlypointed poles. Matureshell isfour and ahalf volutions, and attains an axial length of 5.75+ mm and a median width of 2.40+mm,giving a form ratioof 2.40±. Ratios of the halflength to the radiusvectorof thefirst tofifth volution are 1.86,2.92,3.10,2.94 and2.50±, respectively. The proloculusis small and spherical. Itsoutside diameter measures 0.22 mm. The inner volutionsare tightly coiled and the outer volutions expand rather rapidly. Radius vectors ofthe first to fifth volution are 0.18, 0.30, 0.53, 0.88 and 1.25+ mm, respectively. Thespirotheca is composed of a tectum and keriotheca with fine alveoli. Thicknesses ofthe spirotheca of the first to fifth volution are 0.010, 0.030, 0.055, 0.085 and 0.100mm, respectively. The septaare intensely and regularly fluted throughout the shell.Chomata are absent or weak and small in the inner volutions. Tunnel is narrow in

theinnervolutions anddistinct, buttheouteroneis indistinct. Tunnel angles ofthefirst to second volution are 18and 28 degrees.

Remarks: The present specimens are recognized as Schwagerina primigena from thePseudoschwagerina subsphaerica Subzone of theAtetsu Limestone, first introduced by

62 Yasuhiro Ota

Nogami (1961). The present specimens resemble Schwagerina sp. A from AK areaandJigoku-dani. However, the stratigraphic position of the present species isyoungerthan the Schxuagerina sp. A. The specimens are also similar to Schxuagerina sp. B fromthejigoku-dani area, Akiyoshi. However, the present species is slightly inflated fusiform in the middle part of shell and more looselycoiled throughout the shell than thelatter specimens.


Table 32. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schwagerina primigena Nogami


D.

Prol.

Hall

313f 5.75+ 2.40+ 2.401 0.22 0.040


313f 0.18 0.30 0.53 0.88 1.25+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

313f 1.86 2.92 3.10 2.94 2.501


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3131 0.010 0.030 0.055 0.085 0.100

Tunnel anqle (degrees)l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

313f 18 28 - -

Schwagerina cf. princeps (Ehrenberg, 1842) sensuDunbar and Skinner, 1936PI. 5, fig. 3

Compare:1842. Borelis princeps Ehrknberg. Bericht iiber die zu Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der

Koniglichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zuBerlin, p. 274.1936. Schwagerina princeps (Ehrenberg), DunbarandSkinner. Jour. Paleontology, 10, p.86,87, pl.

10, figs, 1-5,7-11.1948. Schwagerina princeps (Ehrenberg), Thompson. Univ. Kansas, Paleont. Contr., Protozoa, Art.

1,pl.9, figs. 8-12 (afterDunbar andSkinner, 1936): Figure 9 in Plate 10ofDunbar and Skinner (1936) waslater designated as the holotype of this species.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 091 [312f].

Description: The shell of Schwagerina cf. princeps is small, thickly fusiform tosubglobular, with bluntly pointed poles and almost straight axis of coiling. Matureshell issixvolutions. The axislength is4.45 mm and median width is 2.30 mm. Its


form ratio is 1.93. Ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to sixthvolution are 1.33,2.13,1.73,1.58,1.72 and 1.83,respectively. The proloculus issmallin relative size and spherical in shape. Its outside diameter is 0.18 mm. The firstspherical volution is tightlycoiledand the following volutionsexpand gradually. Theinner volutions have relatively sharply pointed poles, whereas the outer volutions become small, thickly fusiform to subglobular. Radius vectors of the first to sixthvolution are 0.15, 0.20, 0.38, 0.65, 0.90 and 1.20 mm, respectively. The spirothecaincreases gradually in thickness and is composed of the tectum and well developedkeriotheca. Thicknesses of the spirotheca in the first to sixth volution are 0.020,0.035, 0.050,0.060, 0.065and 0.085 mm, respectively. The septa are stronglyfluted,but regularly fluted throughout the shell. Chomata are lacking.

Remarks: Previously, many specialists have discussed Schxuagerina princeps. The author treats Schxuagerina princeps as Schxuagerina princeps (Ehrenberg, 1842) of Dunbarand Skinner (1936). The obtained specimen resembles Schxuagerina princeps sensuDunbar and Skinner, 1936 in general features. However, the present specimen isincomplete and additional material is necessary to describe this species in detail.

Occurrence: The Pseudoschxuagerina muongthensis Zone.

Table 33. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schuagerina cf. princeps (Ehrenberg) sensuDunbar and Skinner


D.

Prol.

Hall

312f 4.45 2.30 1.93 0.18 0.015

Radius vector (mm. \>1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

312£ 0.15 0.20 0.38 0.65 0.90 1.20

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

312f 1.33 2.13 1.73 1.58 1.72 1.83

Thickness of spirotheca |[mm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3121 0.020 0.035 0.050 0.060 0.065 0.085


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

312£ 8 14 24 21 21

Schwagerina cf. stabilis (Rauser, 1937)Pl. 5, figs. 4-6

Compare:1937. Rugosofusulina stabilis Rauser-Chernousova. Etyduy po Mikropaleonlologiy, Paleont. Lab.

64 Yasuhiro Ota

Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Moskva, 1, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 7.1938. Pseudofusulina stabilis, Rauser-Chernousova. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta,

7, p. 133,134, pl. 7, figs. 8, 9, pl. 8, fig. 3.1958. Schwagerina stabilis, Kanmera. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 6(3), p. 191-193, pl. 32,

figs. 1-8.1958. Rugosofusulina stabilis, Rozovskaya. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta, 13, p.

lll.pl. 15, fig. 4.1963. Rugosofusulina stabilis, Chang. Ada Palaeontologia Sinica, 11(1), p. 39, pl. 1, figs. 11, 12, 14,

16.

1993. Schwagerina stabilis, Y. Ota and M.Ota. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (28), pl.2, figs. 8,9.

Material: Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 092 [336a-2]. Slightly oblige-centered section: KMNH IvP400, 093 [336d]. Tangential section: KMNH IvP 400, 094 [336e].

Description: The shell of Schwagerina cf. stabilis is medium in size and vaulted fusiform with slightly sharply pointed poles. Lateral slopes are convex and arched.Mature shells are six and eight volutions, measuring 4.35 to 4.60 mm in length and2.10 to 2.65 mm in width. Its form ratio is 1.64 to 2.10, averaging 1.87. Averageratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to sixth volution for threespecimens are 3.08, 2.93, 2.67, 2.40, 2.24 and 2.20, respectively. The proloculus issmall, spherical in shape,but sometimes depressed. Itsoutside diameter is0.10+ to0.16mm, averaging 0.13+ mm for two specimens. The inner volutions are slenderfusiform withrather sharplypointed poles,rather tightlycoiled. The outer volutionsexpanduniformly and become fusiform with rathersharply roundedpoles. Averageradius vectors of the first to sixth volution for three specimens are 0.08, 0.14, 0.23,0.36,0.53and 0.73 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is thin and composed of a tectum and keriotheca. Averages of the thickness in the firstto sixthvolution for threespecimens are 0.010, 0.015, 0.023, 0.030, 0.040 and 0.052 mm, respectively. Septaare highly and regularly fluted throughout the length ofshell. Chomata areweak,but distinct in the inner volutions. Tunnel has moderate width. Averages of thetunnelangles of thefirst tofifth volution forthreespecimens are23,29,34,38and39degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Schwagerina stabilis was first reported from theSamara Bend, Russia. Thepresent specimens are regarded as Schwagerina stabilis, but the many Akiyoshi specimens have rather smaller proloculus than that of the specimens in Russia.

Occurrence: The Schxuagerina (?) cf. satoi Zone.


Table 34. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schwagerina cf. stabilis (Rauser)


D.

Prol.

Hall

336a-2 4.40 2.10 2.10 0.10+ 0.010

336d 4.35 2.65 1.64 0.16 0.025

336e 4.60 2.45 1.88 _ _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

4.60

4.35

4.45

2.65

2.10

2.40

2.10

1.64

1.87

0.16

0.10+

0.13+

0.025

0.010

0.018


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

336a-2 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.50 0.75 0.95

336d 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.45 0.68 0.95 1.28

336e 0.05 0.10 0.18 0.28 0.40 0.55 0.78 1.05

Max.

Mill.

Aver.

0.10

0.05

0.08

0.18

0.10

0.14

0.30

0.18

0.23

0.50

0.28

0.36

0.75

0.40

0.53

0.95

0.55

0.73

0.95

0.78

0.87

1.28

1.05

1.17

Ratio of Hi.,/RV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

336a-2 4.25 3.29 2.75 2.60 2.27 2.42

336d 1.50 2.00 2.13 2.33 2.06 1.78 1.68 1.82

336e 3.50 3.50 3.14 2.27 2.38 2.41 2.45 2.21

Max.

Min.

Aver.

4.25

1.50

3.08

3.50

2.00

2.93

3.14

2.13

2.67

2.60

2.27

2.40

2.38

2.06

2.24

2.42

1.78

2.20

2.45

1.68

2.07

2.21

1.82

2.02


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

336a-2 0.015 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.05S 0.070

336d 0.005 0.015 0.015 0.025 0.030 0.045 0.060 0.055

336e 0.010 0.010 0.025 0.025 0.035 0.040 0.050 0.040

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.015

0.005

0.010

0.020

0.010

0.015

0.030

0.015

0.023

0.040

0.025

0.030

0.055

0.030

0.040

0.070

0.040

0.052

0.060

0.050

0.0S5

0.055

0.040

0.048


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

336a-2 32 34 38 36 38

336d 13 31 35 38 40 _

336e _ 22 29 39 39 54 37

Max.

Min.

Aver.

32

13

23

34

22

29

38

29

34

39

36

38

40

38

39

54

54

54

37

37

37

Schwagerina sp. APl. 5, figs. 7-12

Material: Axialsections: KMNH IvP400,095 [332(2a)-7], KMNH IvP400,096 [586b-2], KMNH IvP400, 097 [586J-1], KMNH IvP 400, 098 [578(6)], KMNH IvP400, 099[586d'] and KMNH IvP 400, 100 [586a],

66 Yasuhiro Ota

Description: Schwagerina sp. A has a small to medium, elongate fusiform tosubcylindrical shell, with bluntly rounded poles. The axial length is 5.30 to 6.05 mmand the median width is 1.80 to 2.20 mm. Its form ratio is 2.65 to 3.08, averaging

2.80 for five specimens. Average ratios of the half length to the radius vector of thefirst to fifth volution for five specimens are 1.73, 2.39, 2.61, 2.94 and 3.29, respectively. The proloculus is small and spherical. Its outside diameter is 0.11 to 0.18mm, averaging 0.15 mm for five specimens. The inner first volution is tightly coiledaround the proloculus. The following volutions expand rather uniformly and become elongated. Average radius vectors of the first to fifth volution for five specimens are 0.11, 0.18, 0.32, 0.59 and 0.87 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is thin.The spirothecal structure is typical of this genus and composed of a tectum andkeriotheca with fine alveoli. Averages of the thickness in the first to fifth volution forfive specimens are 0.017, 0.026, 0.039, 0.054 and 0.055 mm, respectively. Septa arethin to moderate in thickness. They are regularly fluted throughout the length ofshell, but especially fluted in the axial to the polar regions. Chomata are distinct,but small in the inner volutions. Tunnel is low and narrow in the inner volutions

and becomes wider in the outer volutions. Averages of the tunnel angles of the firstto third volution for five specimens are 22, 33, and 44 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Schwagerina sp. A is closelysimilar to Schwagerina sp. B from Jigoku-dani,Akiyoshi. However, the present specimenshavemore advancedgeneral shapessuchas a larger and more elongated fusiform shell. The specimens also resembleSchwagerina primigena, but the latter is more inflated fusiform or more thickly fusiform.

Occurrence: The Schwagerina sp. A Subzone in the TriticUes yayamadakensis Zone andthe Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis Zone.

Table 35. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schwagerina sp. A


D.

Prol.

Hall

332(2a) -7 5.30 2.00 2.65 0.18 0.015

578(6) 5.55 1.80 3.08 0.11 0.010

586a 5.70 2.05 2.78 0.15 0.015

586b-2 5.35 1.95 2.74 0.18 0.015

586d' 6.05 2.20 2.75 0.12 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

6.05

5.30

5.59

2.20

1.80

2.00

3.08

2.65

2.80

0.18

0.11

0.15

0.015

0.010

0.014



Radius vector (mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332(2a) -7 0.13 0.20 0.35 0.65 0.80

578(6) 0.10 0.15 0.33 0.58 0.95

586a 0.10 0.18 0.33 0.60 0.95

586b-2 0.10 0.18 0.28 0.48 0.78 1.05

ssed- 0.10 0.18 0.33 0.63 0.88

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.13

0.10

0.11

0.20

0.15

0.18

0.35

0.28

0.32

0.65

0.48

0.59

0.95

0.78

0.87

1.05

1.05

1.05

Ratio of Hi. /RV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ' 9 10

332(2a)<-7 1.40 2.13 2.14 2.46 3.78

578(6) 1.75 2.66 3.08 3.26 3. OS

586a 1.75 2.43 1.92 2.83 2. 95

586b-2 1.75 2.00 2.55 2.74 3.03 2.64

ssed- 2.00 2.71 3.38 3.40 3.63

Max.

Min.

Aver.

2.00

1.40

1.73

2.71

2.00

2.39

3.38

1.92

2.61

3.40

2.46

2.94

3.78

2.95

3.29

2.64

2.64

2.64


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332 (2a).-7 0.020 0.025 0.040 0.045 0.055

578(6) 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.035 0.045

586a 0.020 0.030 0.065 0.075 0.075

586b-2 0.015 0.030 0.035 0.050 0.050 0.055

586d- 0.015 0.025 0.030 0.065 0.050

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.020

0.015

0.017

0.030

0.020

0.026

0.065

0.025

0.039

0.075

0.035

0.054

0.075

0.045

0.055

0.055

0.055

0.055


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332(2a)--7 22 36 45 44

578(6) 35 37 SO 52

586a 12 24 28 54

586d'

Max.

Min.

Aver.

35 39 52 54

12 24 28 38

22 33 44 47

Schwagerina sp. BP1.5,figs. 13-18

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 101 [332D2], KMNH IvP 400, 102 [332b-A], KMNH IvP 400,104 [586c], KMNH IvP 400,105 [586al] and KMNH IvP 400,106[586e-3]. Slightlyoblique-centered section: KMNH IvP400, 103 [332(la)-l].

Description: Schxuagerina sp. B is small in size and slightly elongate fusiform, withstraightand slightly convex toconcave lateral slopes and bluntly rounded and pointed

68 Yasuhiro Ota

poles. Mature specimens are five to five and a half volutions and attain the axiallength of3.90+ to 4.70 mm and the median width of 1.45+ to 1.75 mm. Its form ratiois 2.36± to 3.10±, averaging 2.71±for six specimens. Average ratios of the half lengthto the radius vector of the first to fifth volution are 1.94, 2.09, 2.47, 2.32 and 2.27,

respectively. The proloculus is small and spherical. Its outside diameter is 0.11 to0.16 mm, averaging 0.12 mm for six specimens. Inner volutions are rather tightlycoiled and the succeeding outer ones expand rather rapidly. Average radius vectorsof the first to fifth volution for six specimens are 0.10, 0.17, 0.26, 0.52 and 0.81 mm,respectively. The spirotheca is composed of a tectum and keriotheca with finealveoli. Averages of the thickness in the first to fifth volution for six specimens are0.013, 0.022, 0.033, 0.043 and 0.053 mm, respectively. Septa are irregular flutedthroughout the length of the shell. Chomata are weakly developed in the innervolutions. Tunnel is narrow in the inner volutions and becomes wider in the outer

volutions. Averages of the tunnel angles of the first to third for five specimens are16, 23 and 39 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The present species is similar to Schwagerina harbaughi of Skinner andWilde (1965) from McCloud Limestone, Northern California. However, the ob

tained species differ from the latter species in its less developed chomata and weakly

fluted septa of the axial regions.

Occurrence: The Schwagerina sp. A Subzone in the Triticites yayamadakensis Zone andthe Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis Zone.

Table 36. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schwagerina sp. B


D.

Prol.

Hall

332(la) -1 4.70 1.75 2.69 0.12 0.020

332b-A 4.50+ 1.45+ 3.101 0.16 0.015

332D2 4.35+ 1.50+ 2.901 0.11 0.015

586al 4.40 1.70 2.59 0.11 0.015

586c 4.45+ 1.70+ 2.621 0.12 0.015

586e-3 3.90+ 1.65 2.361 0.12 0.010

Max.

Min.

Aver.

4.70

3.90+

4.38+

1.751.45+

1.63+

3.1012.361

2.711

0.16

0.11

0.12

0.020 '0.010

0.015


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332(la)--1 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.55 0.85

332b-A 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.78 0.95+

332D2 0.10 0.18 0.25 0.43 0.68 0.88+

586al 0.08 0.15 0.23 0.43 0.73 0.98

586c 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.55 0.93 0.88+

586e-3 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.73 0.88

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.130.08

0.10

0.20

0.15

0.17

0.30

0.23

0.26

0.730.40

0.52

0.93

0.68

0.81

0.98

0.88+

0.92+



Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332(la)--1 2.20 2.75 2.92 2.91 2.76

332b-A 3.00 2.67 2.70 3.31 2.74 2.551

332D2 1.50 2.00 2.30 1.88 2.15 2.661

586al 2.00 2.00 2.89 1.88 1.69 2.31

586c 1.25 1.14 1.50 1.73 1.92 2.491

586e-3 1.67 2.00 2.50 2.21 2.37

Max.

Min.Aver.

3.00

1.25

1.94

2.75

1.14

2.09

2.92

1.50

2.47

3.31

1.73

2.32

2.76

1.69

2.27

2.661

2.31

2.50


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332 (la)--1 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.050 0.050

332b-A 0.015 0.030 0.040 0.040 0.060 0.060

332D2 0.010 0.015 0.030 0.050 0.055 0.040

586al 0.010 0.020 0.040 0.045 0.050 0.060

586c 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.035 0.055 0.050

586e-3 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.035 0.045

Max.

Min.Aver.

0.025

0.010

0.013

0.030

0.0150.022

0.040

0.0200.033

0.050

0.0350.043

0.060

0.045

0.053

0.060

0.0400.053

Tunnei angie (degrees)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332 (la)--l 20 22 46 32

332b-A 19 _ _ _ _

332D2 19 30 57 _ _

586al _ 15 29 38

586c 9 21 28 35 _

586e-3 13 28 35 54

Max.

Min.

Aver.

20

9

16

30

15

23

57

28

39

54

32

40

Schwagerina sp. CPl. 6, figs. 1, 2

Material: Slightly oblique<entered section, KMNH IvP 400, 107 [317D].oblique-tangential section: KMNH IvP 400, 108 [311a].

Slightly

Description: Schwagerinaso. Cisa medium in sizeand subspherical to spherical in shape.The lateral slopes are convex and slightly concave near the pointed poles. Most ofthe mature specimens are six to seven volutions and measure 4.90 to 5.80 mm in thelength and 3.75 to 4.10 mm in the width. Its form ratio is ranging from 1.20 to 1.55,averaging 1.38 for two specimens. Average ratios of the half length to the radiusvector of the first to sixth volution for two specimens are 1.17,1.39,1.51,1.50,1.54 and1.48, respectively. The proloculus isverysmallin comparison withshell sizeand spherical in shape. The outside diameter of specimen 317Dis0.11 mm. The first volutioniscloselycoiled and spherical in outline. The following second to third volutions arealso tightlycoiled and fusiform withbluntly pointed poles. The succeedingvolutions

70 Yasuhiro Ota

keep relatively the general form of the previous volutions and become largeruniformly. Average radius vectors of the first to sixth volution for two specimens are0.13,0.27,0.49,0.77,1.23 and 1.77mm, respectively. The spirotheca becomes thickergradually from the inner volutions to the outer volutions, and consists ofa tectum andkeriotheca. Average thicknesses in the first to sixth volution for two specimens are0.025, 0.040, 0.045, 0.055, 0.065 and 0.075 mm, respectively. The septa are ratherthin and intensely fluted throughout the shell. Chomata are weak and very rudimentary in development in the inner volutions. Tunnel is narrow and becomes wider

gradually as the shell grows. The first tunnel angle of specimen 317D is 13 degrees,but that of specimens 311a can not be confirmed. Average tunnel angles of the second to fifth volution of two specimens are 18, 20, 24, and 19 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Schxuagerina sp. C from Jigoku-dani is closely similar to Schwagerina sp. C,especially, fig. 17 of plate 17 that was introduced by Toriyama (1958). As alreadypointed out by Toriyama, the specimens somewhat resemble Schwagerina douvillei(Colani) from the Yunnan, China. This form of the present specimens from theAkiyoshi Limestone Group, should be regarded as new species, but the specimens areinsufficient to describe the new species. Here, the author treats this form asSchwagerina sp. C.


Table 37. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schwagerina sp. C


D.

Prol.

Hall

311a 4.90 4.10 1.20 _ _

317D 5.80 3.75 1.55 0.11 0.010

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.80

4.90

5.35

4.10

3.75

3.93

1.55

1.20

1.38

0.11

0.11

0.11

0.010

0.010

0.010


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3lla 0.15 0.35 0.60 0.95 1.53 2.08

317D 0.10 0.18 0.38 0.58 0.93 1.45 1.93

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.15

0.10

0.13

0.35

0.18

0.27

0.60

0.38

0.49

0.95

0.58

0.77

1.53

0.93

1.23

2.08

1.45

1.77

1.93

1.93

1.93

Ratio of HI.,/Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

311a 1.33 1.21 1.21 1.13 1.21 1.29

317D 1.00 1.57 1.80 1.87 1.86 1.67 1.57

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.33

1.00

1.17

1.57

1.21

1.39

1.80

1.21

1.51

1.87

1.13

1.50

1.86

1.21

1.54

1.67

1.29

1.48

1.57

1.57

1.57




l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

311a 0.035 0.050 0.050 0.065 0.075 0.075

317D 0.015 0.030 0.040 0.045 0.055 0.075 0.105

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.035

0.015

0.025

0.050

0.030

0.040

0.050

0.040

0.045

0.065

0.045

0.055

0.075

0.055

0.065

0.075

0.075

0.075

0.105

0.105

0.105


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

31 la _ 22 23 17 16

317D 13 14 17 30 21 17

Max.

Min.

Aver.

13

13

13

22

14

18

23

17

20

30

17

24

21

16

19

17

17

17

Schwagerina sp. DPI. 6, figs. 3, 4

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP400,109 [332d-l ] and KMNH IvP 400,110 [332h-

1].

Description: Theshellisfusiform with almost straightaxial coiling and bluntly pointedpoles. Mature shells are five to five and a half volutions and measure 5.05+ to 5.25mm longand 2.15 to 2.30+ mm wide. Itsform ratio is 2.20± to 2.44, ranging 2.32±for two specimens. Average ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the firstto fifth volution for two specimens are 0.93, 1.32, 1.46, 1.79 and 2.29, respectively.The proloculus is rather large in relative size. Its outside diameter is 0.25 to 0.30mm, averaging0.28 mm for two specimens. The inner firstvolution isspherical andtightly coiled, and the following volutions become elongate and fusiform in shape.Average radius vectors of the first to fifth volution for two specimens are 0.19, 0.33,0.57, 0.88 and 1.07 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is moderately thick and composed of a tectum and keriothecal. Averages of the thickness in the first to fifthvolution for two specimens are 0.028, 0.048, 0.065, 0.093 and 0.088 mm, respectively.Septa are fluted throughout the length ofshell, and slightly strongly in axial regions.Chomata are weak and small in the inner volutions. The tunnel is narrow in the

innervolutions but, ratherrapidly, becomes wider in theoutervolutions. Averagesof the tunnel anglesof the first to third volution for two specimens are 21, 31 and 37degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The present species issimilar to a variation of Schxuagerina okafujii, first introduced by Toriyama (1958) from the Triticites simplex Zone to the Pseudofusulinavulgaris Zone of theAkiyoshi Limestone Group. However, the specimens are largerthan the holotype of Schxuagerina okafujii and have a more elongated fusiform.

72 Yasuhiro Ota


Table 38. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schwagerina sp. D

Sample number L. H. R. Prol.

D.

Prol.

Hall

332d-l 5.25 2.15 2.44 0.30 0.040

332h-l 5.05+ 2.30+ 2.201 0.25 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.25

5.05+

5.15+

2.30+

2.15

2.23+

2.44

2.201

2.321

0.30

0.25

0.28

0.040

0.015

0.028

Radius vector (mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332d-l 0.20 0.38 0.63 0.93 1.05

332h-l 0.18 0.28 0.50 0.83 1.08 1.20+

Max.

Min.

0.20

0.18

0.19

0.38

0.28

0.33

0.63

0.50

0.57

0.93

0.83

0.88

1.08

1.05

1.07

1.20+

1.20+

1.20+

Ratio of HI. /RV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332d-l 1.00 1.27 1.52 1.81 2.50

332h-l 0.86 1.36 1.40 1.76 2.07 2.041

Max. 1.00 1.36 1.52 1.81 2.50 2.041

Min. 0.86 1.27 1.40 1.76 2.07 2.041

Aver.

3SS Of

0.93 1.32 1.46 1.79 2.29 2.041

Thickn* spirotheca (mm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332d-l 0.040

0.015

0.055 0.065 0.100 0.055

332h-l 0.040 0.065 0.085 0.120 0.080

Max. 0.040 0.055 0.065 0.100 0.120 0.080

Min. 0.015 0.040 0.065 0.085 0.055 0.080

Aver. 0.028 0.048 0.065 0.093 0.088 0.080

Tunnel angle (degre

l

•es)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332d-l 15 27 34 24

332h-l 27

27

34 39_ _

Max. 34 39 24

Min. 15 27 34 24

Aver. 21 31 37 24

Schwagerina (?) aff. kueichihensis (Chen, 1934)Pl. 6, figs. 5, 6

Compare:1934. Triticites kueichihensis Chen. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser.B,4, Fasc. 2,p. 42,43.pl.5, figs. 16,17.1958. Schwagerina (?) kueichihensis, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 7, p. 132-134,

pl. 15, figs. 1-7.


Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400,111 [308e-l ]. Almost axial section: KMNH

IvP 400, 112 [308c-l].

Description: The shell of Schxuagerina aff. kueichihensis is larger, fusiform with bluntlyto sharply pointed poles. The outer volutions are slightlydepressed and the originalforms can not be confirmed correctly. Mature specimens of six and a halfvolutionsattain 6.70+ to 6.75+ mm in length and 2.80+ to 2.85+ mm in width. Its form ratio is2.37±to 2.39±, averaging 2.38±for twospecimens. Average ratios of the half lengthto the radius vector of the first to seventh volution for two specimens are 1.25, 1.63,1.80,1.84, 2.10, 2.13 and 2.34±, respectively. The proloculus is large and spherical.Its outside diameter ranges 0.28 to 0.39 mm, averaging 0.34 mm. The first volutionisspherical in shape and tightlycoiled. Beyond the second volution to maturity, theshell expands rather slowly and becomes elongate fusiform. Average radius vectorsof the first to seventh volution for two specimens are 0.25, 0.38, 0.59, 0.81, 1.08, 1.38and 1.45+mm, respectively. The spirotheca is thick and composed of a tectum andkeriotheca with coarse alveoli. Averages of the thickness in the first to seventhvolution for two specimens are 0.028, 0.045, 0.055, 0.065, 0.090, 0.085 and 0.100 mm,respectively. The septa are irregularly and highly fluted except for near the centralpart of shell. Chomata are sometimesdistinct, but they are generally in a rudimentary state. The width of the tunnel increases with growth. Averages of the tunnelangles of the first to fourth volution in two specimens are 18,28,28 and 26 degrees,respectively. The axial fillingsslightlyoccur in the central portion of the shell. Thephrenothecae sometimes occur.

Remarks: The present specimens resemble Triticites kueichihensis that was first describedbyChen (1934) from Chihsia Limestone, Kueichih, South China in generalfeatures. However, the present specimens have more rounded polar ends, morehighly and irregularly fluted septaand occurrence ofphrenothecae. In theAkiyoshiLimestone Group, Toriyama (1958) reported Schxuagerina (?) cf. kueichihensis fromthe Pseudofusulina vulgaris Zone. The present specimens are also similar toSchwagerina (?) cf. kueichihensis of Toriyama. However, the present specimenshavea larger proloculus and more sharply pointed poles.


74 Yasuhiro Ota

Table 39. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schwagerina (?) cf. kueichihensis (Chen)


D.

Prol.

Hall

308C-1 6.,75+ 2.,85+ 2.,371 0.28 0.020

308e-l 6.,70+ 2.,80+ 2..391 0.39 0.025

Max.

Min.

Aver.

6.

6.

6,

,75+

,70+

,73+

2.

2.

2.

,85+

,80+

,83+

2.

2.

2,

,391

,371

.381

0.39

0.28

0.34

0.025

0.020

0.023

Radius vector (mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

308c-l 0.20 0.33 0.53 0.78 1.08 1.53 1.45+

308e-l 0.30 0.43 0.65 0.83 1.08 1.23 1.45+

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.30

0.20

0.25

0.43

0.33

0.38

0.65

0.53

0.59

0.83

0.78

0.81

1.08

1.08

1.08

1.53

1.23

1.38

1.45+

1.45+

1.45+

Ratio of HI. /RV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

308c-l 1.00 1.38 1.52 1.55 1.79 1.75 2.381

308e-l 1.50 1.88 2.08 2.12 2.40 2.51 2.291

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.50

1.00

1.25

1.88

1.38

1.63

2.08

1.52

1.80

2.12

1.55

1.84

2.40

1.79

2.10

2.51

1.75

2.13

2.381

2.291

2.341

Thickness of spirotheca (iam.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

308C-1 0.020 0.055 0.060 0.065 0.100 0.105 0.110

308e-l 0.035 0.035 0.050 0.065 0.080 0.065 0.090

Max.

Min.

0.035

0.020

0.028

0.055

0.035

0.045

0.060

0.050

0.055

0.065

0.065

0.065

0.100

0.080

0.090

0.105

0.065

0.085

0.110

0.090

0.100

Tunnei angle (degrees)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

308c-l 17 33 23 27 _

308e-l 19 23 32 24 _ _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

19

17

18

33

23

28

32

23

28

27

24

26

Schwagerina (?) cf. satoi (Ozawa, 1925)Pl. 6, figs. 7, 8

Compare:1925. ScheUiuienia satoi Ozawa. Jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 45,Art. 6, p. 44,45,pl.8, figs. 4, 6a,

8, pl. 9, fig. 3 ?.1958. Schwagerina} satoi, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser.D,7,p. 148-151, pl. 17, figs.

3-8.

1990. Schwagerina satoi, Ozawa and Kobayashi. Guide book ofBenthos '90, pl. 4, figs. 13, 14.1995. Schwagerina (?) cf. satoi,Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pl.4,figs.

14, 15.


Material: Slightly oblique-centered section: KMNH IvP 400, 113 [387d2]. Sagittalsection: KMNH IvP 400, 114 [387c].

Description: The obtained specimen is poorly preserved and a diagonal section, sothe detailed features are not clear. However, the general features of the specimensresemble those of Schwagerina satoi that was first described from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group by Ozawa (1925). Here, though the obtained specimen is a diagonalsection, the data 387d2 are shown for information. The shell is moderate, and in

flated fusiform. Mature specimensare sevento sevenand a half volutions,attaining8.55 mm long and 3.40 mm wide. Its form ratio is 2.51. Ratiosof the half length tothe radius vector of the first to seventh volution are 1.00, 1.30, 2.06, 1.84, 1.64, 2.26

and 2.75, respectively. The proloculus is spherical and minute. Its outer diameteris 0.17 mm. The first inner volution is spherical and tighdy coiled and the succeeding second to third volutions are also tightly coiled with distinct chomata. The following volutions expand rapidly. Radius vectors of the first to seventh volution are0.13,0.25,0.43,0.78,1.18,1.45 and 1.70mm, respectively. The spirothecal structureis typical of this genus and composed ofa tectum and keriotheca. Thicknesses of thespirotheca in the first to seventh volution are 0.015, 0.030, 0.065, 0.085, 0.090, 0.090and 0.090 mm, respectively. Septa are thin and slighdy fluted in the axial regions.Septal counts of the first to eighth volution of specimen 387c are 5,9,13,17,25,27,33and 6+, respectively. Chomata are massive, asymmetrical and distinct in the innervolutions. Tunnel isnarrow in the inner volutions,and slighdybecomes wider in theouter volutions. Tunnel angles of the first to fifth volution are 32, 34, 47, 50 and 46degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The obtained specimen is an oblique section, therefore, detailed featurescan not be obtained. From itsgeneral features, the present specimens are similar tothe specimens that was first introducedas Schellwienia satoi byOzawa (1925). However, thejuvenarium form of the presentspecimens seems to differslighdy from thatof satoi inOzawa (1925). Ozawa (1925) and Toriyama (1958) alreadypointed outthat the satoi is an intermediate form between Schwagerina and Pseudoschwagerina.Morespecimens are necessary to discuss thisgenusand species of thisspecies.

Occurrence: The Schwagerina (?) cf. satoi Zone.

76 Yasuhiro Ota

Table 40. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Schxuagerina (?) cf. satoi (Ozawa)


D.

Prol.

Hall

387d2 8.55 3.40 2.51 0.17 0.020


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

387d2 0.13 0.25 0.43 0.78 1.18 1.45 1.70

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

387d2 1.00 1.30 2.06 1.84 1.64 2.26 2.75


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

387d2 0.015 0.030 0.065 0.085 0.090 0.090 0.090


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

387d2 32 34 47 50 46 _

Septal count

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

387c 5 9 13 17 25 27 33 6+

Genus Pseudofusulina Dunbar and Skinner, 1931

Type-species: Pseudofusulina huecoensisDvNBAR andSkinner, 1931. Americanjour. Sci,Ser. 5, 22, p. 257, 258, pl. 1, figs. 3-6a. [The specimen illustrated by Dunbar andSkinner (1931) as figure 5 on their plate 1 was later designated the holotype ofPseudofusulina huecoensis Dunbar and Skinner byThompson (1948).]

Generic diagnosis: The genus Pseudofusulina has a large, elongate fusiform tosubcylindrical shell, possessing a straight axis of coiling and acuminate to slightlysharply rounded polarends. Mature shells are five to eightvolutions. The length isabout 10.00 mm and the width is about 3.50 mm. The proloculus is relatively largein size. The volutions are relatively looselycoiled. The spirotheca is thick and composed ofa tectum and keriotheca with coarse alveoli. Phrenothecae typically occurin this genus. The septa are strongly and more or less regularly fluted. They areespecially fluted in the axial region to the polar regions. Chomata are mostly distinct, but sometimes indistinct. Tunnel path is almost straight. Axial fillings occurin some forms.

Remarks: The genusPseudofusulina resembles the genusSchwagerina, but seems to bedistinguished from the lattergenus by itslarge proloculus, thick spirotheca, and typicalphrenothecae. Thegenus Rugosofusulina also resembles thegenus Pseudofusulina.Some specialists regard the genus Rugosofusulina as a synonym of the genusPseudofusulina. Skinner and Wilde (1965) examined numerous specimens of


topotypes of Pseudofusulina huecoensis and revised the diagnosis of the genusPseudofusulina. Here, the author tentatively distinguishes the genus Pseudofusulinafrom the genus Rugosofusulina by the typically developed rugose structure of thespirotheca and better developed chomata.

Pseudofusulina aff. ambigua (Deprat, 1913)Pl. 6, fig. 9

Compare:1913. Fusulina ambigua Deprat. Mem. Serv. Geol. deTIndochine, 2, Fasc. 1, Etude des Fusulinides de

Chineet d'IndochineII. Mem., p. 14, 15, pl.3,figs, 4-7 (Thelectotype was designated asfig. 4,pl. 3 of Deprat, 1913 by Toriyama, 1958).

1914. Fusulinaambigua, Deprat. Mem. Serv. Geol. deTIndochine, 3, Fasc. 1, Etude des Fusulinides duJapon de Chine et d'Indochine III. Mem., p. 16, pl. 2, figs. 1—4.

1925. Schellwienia ambigua, Ozawa. Jour. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 45,Art.6, p. 31, pl. 4, fig. 8.1948. Pseudofusulina ambigua, Thompson. Univ. Kansas, Paleont. Contr., Protozoa, Art. 1,p. 52,53.1957. Pseudofusulina ambigua, Kobayashi. Sri. Rep. Tokyo KyoikuDaigaku, Sec. C,5(48),p.271,272,

pl. 5, figs. 9, 10, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2.1958. Pseudofusulina ambigua, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D,7,p. 186-190, pl.28,

figs. 1-15, pl. 29, figs 1-9.1965. Pseudofusulina ambigua, Kanmera andMikami. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 16(3), p.

298, 299, pl. 44, figs. 8-10.1975. Pseudofusulina ambigua, Sakaguchi andYamagiwa. Mem. Osaka Kyoiku Univ., 24(3), p. 179,

180, pl. 2, figs. 7, 8.1977. Pseudofusulina ambigua, M. Ota. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Sci. Mus., (12), p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6.1995. Pseudofusulina aff. ambigua, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pl.5,

fig. 1.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 115 [766(15)].

Description: Theshell ofPseudofusulina aff. ambigua ismedium tolarge, elongate fusiform, with slighdy sharply pointed poles. The lateral slopes are convex to almoststraight. Mature specimen of four and a halfvolutions is 7.70+ mm long and 3.55+mm wide, giving a form ratio of 2.17±. Ratios of the half length to the radiusvectorof the first to fifth volution are 1.25, 1.55, 1.76, 2.20 and 1.95±. The proloculus islarge in comparison to the shell size. Its outside diameter is 0.24 mm. The firstvolution is spherical andtightly coiled, and the succeeding volutions expand uniformlyand becomeelongated fusiform. Radius vectors of the first to fifthvolutionare 0.20,0.55,1.05, 1.50 and2.00+ mm, respectively. The spirotheca is moderately thick andcomposed of a tectum and a coarsely alveolar keriotheca. Thicknesses of thespirotheca in the first to fifth volution are 0.010, 0.025, 0.040, 0.080 and 0.085 mm,respectively. The septaare thin and highly fluted in the polar regions and slighdyfluted in the central part of the shell. Chomata are lacking throughout the shell.The tunnel is narrow in the inner volutions and becomes wider as the shell grows.Tunnel angles are 23, 33 and 26 degrees, respectively. The phrenothecae occurs,

78 Yasuhiro Ota

but irregularly and weakly.

Remarks: Pseudofusulina ambigua from the AkiyoshiLimestone Group has a wide variety. The specimens obtained from thejigoku-dani area are similar to Pseudofusulinaambigua first described from the Permian of Cammon byDeprat (1913), and a variation of Pseudofusulina ambigua sensu Toriyama (1958) in general shapes. However,the proloculus of the obtained specimensseems to be slighdylarger than that of original illustrations of Fusulinaambigua in Deprat (1913).

Occurrence: The Pseudofusulina aff. ambigua Zone.

Table 41. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Pseudofusulina aff. ambigua (Deprat)


D.

Prol.

Hall

766(15) 7.70+ 3.55+ 2.171 0.24 0.020

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

766(154 0.20 0.55 1.05 1.50 2.00+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

766(15) 1.25 1.55 1.76 2.20 1.951


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

766(15) 0.010 0.025 0.040 0.080 0.085


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

766(15) 23 33 26 -

Pseudofusulina cf. vulgaris s. st. (Schellwien, 1909)Pl. 6, fig. 10

Compare:1908. Fusulina vulgaris Schellwien. Palaeontographica, 55,p. 188 (no description).1909. Fusulina vulgarise, st.,Schellwien. SchellwienandDyhrenfurth. Palaeontographica, 56,

p. 163, 164, pl. 14. figs. 1, 2.1910. Fusulina vulgaris, Staff. Zoologica, Heft 58, 22, p. 47, fig. 33.1923. Fusulina vulgaris, Lee. Bull. GeoL Soc. China, 3-4, p. 65-67, figs. 2-4, pl. 1,figs 1-la?.1925. ScheUwienia vulgaris, Ozawa. four. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 45,Art. 6, p. 23,24,pl.7, fig. 3.1927. ScheUwienia vulgaris, Lee. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. B, 4, Fasc. 1,Geol. Surv. China, p. 59-64,

pl. 8, figs.6-9, 11, 12, pl. 9, fig. 9.1934. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Chen. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. B, 4,Fasc. 2,p.67, 68, pl.6,fig. 10.1936. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Huzimoto. Sci. Repts. Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, Sec. C, 1(2), p.75-77,

pl. 11, figs. 1-7.1948. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Thompson. Univ. Kansas, Paleont. Contr., Protozoa, Art. 1,p.52, 53.1955. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Morikawa. Sci. Rep. Sailama Univ., Ser. B, 2(1), p. 89, 90, pl.9, figs.


1-6.

1957. Pseudofusulina vulgaris cf. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Kohayashi. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku,Sec. C, 5(48), p. 282, pl. 2, fig. 6.

1958. Schwagerina vulgaris, Sakagami. Jour. Hokkaido Gakugei Univ., 9(2),p.83-85, pl.2,figs. 10, 11,17.

1958. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser.D,7, p. 164-168, pl.20,figs. 12-18, pl. 21, figs. 1-15.

1959. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Ico. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Sec. C,6(56),p. 239, 240, pl. 1,fig. 7.

1961. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Kawano. Bull. Fac. Educ. Yamaguchi Univ., Mathem. &Sci., 11, p.92-94, pl. 6, figs. 4-19.

1961. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Morikawa andIsomi. Geol. Surv. Japan, Rep. (191), p. 16, 17, pl. 13,figs. 1-4.

1961. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Nogami. Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ., Kyoto, Ser. B, 27(3), p. 210, 211, pl.9,figs. 1-3.

1962. Pseudofusulina aff. vulgaris, Ishizaki. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., Ser. 2,34(2), p. 146, 147, pl 8fig. 7.

1963. Pseudofusulina vidgaris, Sheng. Palaeontologia Sinica, 149, N. S. B, (10), p.65, 66, pl. 16, figs.6-8.

1965. Pseudofusulina vulgaris vulgaris, Kanmera and Mikami. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D,16(3), p. 295-297. pl. 51, figs. 1-3.

1975. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, Sakaguchi andYamagiwa. Mem. Osaka Kyoiku Univ., 24(3), p. 175,176, pl. l,figs. 1,2.

1977. Pseudofusulina vulgaris, M. Ota, Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Sci. Mus., (12), p. 16, pl. 2,figs. 7, 8.1990. Pseudofusulina vulgaris vulgaris, Ozawa andKobayashi. Guide book ofBenthos '90, pl. 7,figs.

11, 12.

1995. Pseudofusulina cf. vulgaris*, st., Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pl.5, fig. 2.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP400, 116 [766(6)].

Description: Theobtained specimen is incomplete, but the specimen can be regardas Pseudofusulina cf. vulgaris s. s. from thegeneral features. Pseudofusulina cf. vulgariss. s. from thejigoku-dani area, hasa moderate robustly fusiform shellwith an almoststraight axis ofcoiling andbluntly pointed poles. Thelateral slopes areslightly concave to convex, or almost straight. Mature specimens attain five volutions and are8.50+ mm long and 4.45+ mm wide. Its form ratio is 1.91+. The first volution isspherical andthesucceeding volutions arealmost thesame axial profile ofthematureshell. Ratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to fifth volution are2.14, 1.38, 1.45, 1.74 and 1.66+ respectively. The proloculus is moderate in relativesize, and its outside diameter is 0.38 mm. The first volution is tightly coiled andbeyond the second volutions are loosely coiled and expand rather rapidly. Radiusvectors of the first to fifth volution are 0.14, 0.80, 1.55, 2.10 and 2.95+ mm, respectively. Thespirotheca increases inthickness as theshell grows, andis composed ofatectum and keriotheca with coarse alveoli. The thicknesses of the first to fifth volutionare0.035,0.090,0.100,0.115 and 0.090 mm, respectively. Phrenothecae is fairly welldeveloped throughout the shell. The septa are more or less thick and highly fluted

80 Yasuhiro Ota

throughout the shell. The more intenseseptal fluting extends to the polar regionsand closed chamberlets are developed in the end zones of the outer volutions.Chomata are absent or generallyweakly developed in the inner volutions. The tunnel is rather narrow in the inner volutions and becomes wide in the outer volutions.

Its path is sometimes irregular.

Remarks: Pseudofusulina vulgaris from Darwas was first introduced by Schellwien(1908) and described by Schellwien (1909). Schellwien's illustrations ofPseudofusulina vulgaris, have been discussed bymany authors. Toriyama (1958) alsodiscussed the species and designated the holotype as fig. 1 (axial section) of Pl. 14.The presentspecimen issimilar to Pseudofusulina vulgaris s.s.,but the specimen hasalarger shell, thinnerspirotheca anda more abrupttransition from the innervolutionsto the outer volutions. The specimen isalsosimilar to the genus Chalaroschwagerinathat was first introduced by Skinner and Wilde (1965) with a type species, i. e.Chalaroschwagerina inflata, mainly from McCloud Limestone, Northern California.However, the presentspecimen seems to have a rathersmall shell and less developedchamberlets and phrenothecae.

Occurrence: The Pseudofusulina aff. ambigua Zone.

Table 42. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Pseudofusulina cf. vulgaris s. st. (Schellwien)


D.

Prol.

Hall

766(6) 8.50+ 4.45+ 1.911 0.38 0.035


766(6) 0.14 0.80 1.55 2.10 2.95+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

766(6) 2.14 1.38 1.45 1.74 1.661

Thickness of spirotheca (iam.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

766(6) 0.035 0.090 0.100 0.115 0.090


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

766(6) 20 _ - -

Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa (Schellwien, 1909)Pl. 7, figs. 1-3

1909. Fusulina vulgaris\ar. globosaSchellwien. Schellwien and Dyhrenfurth. Palaeontographica,56, p. 164,165,pl. 13,fig. 8, pl. 14,figs. 3-7.


1910. Fusulina vulgaris var. globosa, Staff. Zoologica, Heft 58, 22, p. 46, fig. 32.1925. ScheUwienia vulgaris var. globosa, Ozawa. Jour. CoU. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 45, Art. 6, p. 24, 25,

pl. 7, figs. 1,2.1927. Schellxoienia vtilgarisvar. globosa, Lee. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. B,4, Fasc. 1,Geol. Surv. China,

p. 67, pl. 9, fig. 12.1936. Pseudofusulina vulgarisvar. globosa, Huzimoto. Sci. Repts. TokyoBunrika Daigaku, Sec. C, 1(2),

p. 77,78, pl. 12, figs. 1-7, pl. 13,fig. 9, pl. 14,figs. 1,2. [Toriyama (1958) stated that the specimens illustratedbyHuzimoto (1936) asfigure 11 on his plate 10,figures 1,2 and 4 on his plate11and figures1-5 on plate 12werereferable to the variety of PseudofusuUna vulgaris (Schellwien)var. megaspheric Toriyama.]

1958. Schwagerina vulgarisvar. globosa, Sakagami. Jour. Hokkaido Gakugei Univ., 9(2), p. 85, pl. 2, fig.12.

1958. Pseudofusulina vulgarisvar. globosa, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D,7, p. 168-170, pl. 21, figs. 16-18, pl. 22, figs. 1-7.

1959. Pseudofusulina vulgarisvar. globosa, Igo. Sci. Rep. Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Sec. C, 6(56), p. 240-242, pl. 1, figs. 4-6, pl. 3, fig. 4.

1961. Pseudofusulina vulgarisvar. globosa, Nogami. Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ., Kyoto, Ser. B,27(3), p. 212,213, pl. 9, figs. 4-7.

1961. Pseudofusulina vulgarisvar. globosa, Kawano. Bull. Fac. Educ. Yamaguchi Univ., Mathem. &Sci., 11, p. 94-96, pl. 6, fig. 20, pl. 7, figs. 1-12.

1965. Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa, Kanmeraand Mikami. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser.D,16,p. 297, 298, pl. 51, figs. 4-9.

1975. Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa, Sakaguchi and Yamagiwa. Mem. Osaka Kyoiku Univ., 24(3),p. 176-178, pl. 1, figs. 3,4.

1980. Pseudofusulina aff. vulgaris globosa, Sashida. Professor Saburo Kanno, Memorial volume, p.294,295, pl. 34, fig. 1.

1990. Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa, Ozawaand Kobayashi. Guide book ofBenthos '90, pl.8, figs.11,12.

1993. Pseudofusulina vulgarisvar. globosa, Y. Ota and M.Ota. BuU. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (28),pl. 3, fig. 7(?).

1995. Pseudofusulina vulgarisghbosa,Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth &Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1), pl.5, figs. 3, 4.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 117 [738(l)-2] and KMNH IvP 400, 119[763(2)-3]. Almost axial section, but slightly oblique-centered section: KMNH IvP400, 118 [755(l)-3].

Description: Theshell ofPseudofusulina vulgaris globosa ismoderate in size and globular tosubglobular with bluntly rounded poles. The lateral slopes are generally convex. Mature specimens have commonly four to six volutions, attaining the axiallength of3.70 to 4.55 mm and the median width of2.60 to 2.80 mm. Its form ratio is1.35 to 1.63, averaging 1.52for three specimens. Average ratiosof the first to fourthvolution for three specimens are 1.37, 1.53, 1.45 and 1.64, respectively. Theproloculus isratherlarge insize and its outside diameter is0.22 to0.38 mm, averaging0.29 mm for three specimens. The first volution is tightly coiled around theproloculus andspherical in the axial profile. Beyond thesecond volution, they havealmost thesame axial profiles throughout theshell andaremoreor less loosely coiledbut expand rather uniformly. Average radius vectors of the first to fourth volution

82 Yasuhiro Ota

for three specimens are 0.24, 0.41, 0.70 and 0.98 mm, respectively. Spirotheca istypical form of this genus and decreases in thickness toward the polar ends. Averagesof the thickness in the first to fourth volution for three specimens are 0.020, 0.040,0.052, and 0.058 mm, respectively. Phrenothecae occurs irregularly. The septa arestronglyand somewhat irregularlyfluted through the shell. Chomata are commonlylacking but sometimes veryweakly developed in the inner volutions. Tunnel is narrow in the inner volutions and becomes wider in the outer volutions.

Remarks: The collected specimens have spherical to subspherical shells and are considered to be closelysimilar to the typical form of Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa, illustrated by Schellwien (1909). Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa can be distinguishedfrom Pseudofusulina vulgaris s. st. by its smaller shell and more spherical shape. Inthe investigatedarea,Jigoku-dani, the specimensofPseudofusulina vulgarisglobosa seemto be obtained from slightlyyounger horizon than that of Pseudofusulina vulgaris s. st.However, more detailed investigation is necessary to determine the stratigraphic relationships between Pseudofusulina vulgaris s. st. and Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa.

Occurrence: The Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa Zone.

Table 43. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa (Schellwien)


D.

Prol.

Hall

738(l)-2 3.70 2.75 1.35 0.38 0.055

755(l)-3 4.10 2.60 1.58 0.28 0.025

763(2)-3 4.55 2.80 1.63 0.22 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

4.55

3.70

4.12

2.80

2.60

2.72

1.63

1.35

1.52

0.38

0.22

0.29

0.055

0.015

0.032


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

738(l)-2 0.35 0.65 1.08 1.38

755(l)-3 0.23 0.35 0.60 0.85 1.30

763(2)-3

Max.

Min.

0.15

0.35

0.15

0.24

0.23

0.65

0.23

0.41

0.43 0.70 1.10 1.45

1.08

0.43

0.70

1.38

0.70

0.98

1.30

1.10

1.20

1.45

1.45

1.45

Ratio of HI. /RV.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

738(11-2 1.29 1.46 1.21 1.33

755(l)-3 1.00 1.36 1.42 1.62 1.62

763(21-3

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.83

1.83

1.00

1.37

1.78

1.78

1.36

1.53

1.71 1.96 1.64 1.66

1.71

1.21

1.45

1.96

1.33

1.64

1.64

1.62

1.63

1.66

1.66

1.66




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

738(l)-2 0.035 0.070 0.075 0.040

755(l)-3 0.015 0.040 0.055 0.090 0.120

763(2)-3 0.010 0.010 0.025 0.045 0.065 0. 065

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.035

0.010

0.020

0.070

0.010

0.040

0.075

0.025

0.052

0.090

0.040

0.058

0.120

0.065

0.093

0.

0.

0.

065

065

065


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

738(l)-2 20 24 _

755(l}-3 18 24 25 _

763(2)-3 22 32 32 30 31

Max.

Min.

Aver.

22

18

20

32

24

27

32

25

29

30

30

30

31

31

31

"Pseudofusulina" cf. bacca Morikawa and Isomi, 1961

Pl. 7, figs. 4, 5

Compare:1961. Pseudofusulina bacca Morikawa and Isomi. GeoL Surv.Japan, Rep. (191),p. 15,pl.6, figs. 9-14.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 120 [336(2b)] and KMNH IvP 400, 121[336b-3].

Description: The shell of "Pseudofusulina" cf. bacca is small to moderate in size andfusiform with an almost straight axisof coilingand bluntly pointed poles. The lateral slopes are slighdy convex and concave. Mature specimens are six and a halfvolutions. They attain axial length of 4.30+ to 4.70+ mm and median width of 2.15+to 2.20+ mm. Itsform ratiois1,95±to2.19±, averaging 2.07+for two specimens. Thefirst volution is spherical and the succeedingvolutionsare almost the same fusiformshape throughout their growth. Average ratios of the halflength to the radiusvectorof the first to seventh volution are 1.50, 1.62, 1.81, 2.05, 2.51, 2.20 and 1.94+, respectively. The proloculus issmall and itsoutside diameteris0.15 to 0.18 mm,averaging0.17 mm for two specimens. The first volution is tightiy coiled and the followingvolutions are more or less loosely coiled. The expansion of the volutions isuniform. Average radius vectors of the first to seventh volution are 0.14, 0.23, 0.37,0.54, 0.64, 0.99 and 1.24+mm, respectively. Spirotheca is somewhat thin and composed of a tectum and keriotheca. The spirotheca is thickest in the center of theshell and becomes thin to the polar ends. Averages of the thickness in the first toseventh volution are 0.020, 0.033, 0.040, 0.065, 0.075, 0.078 and 0.068 mm, respectively. Septa are irregularly but highly fluted throughout the shell. Chomata areweak in the inner volutions. Tunnel is narrow and becomes widergradually as the

84 Yasuhiro Ota

shell expands. Axial fillings slighdy occur in the axial regions. Averages of the tunnel angles of the first to fourth volution for two specimens are 23, 28, 24 and 45 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Pseudofusulina bacca is first reported from the Pseudoschwagerina Zone ofHongo, Manganji and Nagaoka, the east of Lake Biwa, Central Japan by Morikawaand Isomi (1961). The original specimens ofPseudofusulina bacca have better developed axial deposits, but the axial fillings of the Akiyoshi specimens are not sostrong. The stratigraphic position of the present specimens is younger than that ofthe specimens from the east of Lake Biwa. Both specimens are closely similar, butthey are not considered to be conspecific. Furthermore, these specimens seem to bereferable to the genus Pseudofusulina. However, its stratigraphic position is youngerthan that of the genus Pseudofusulina known in the Akiyoshi region. More studiesare necessary to decide the generic position.

Occurrence: The Schwagerina (?) cf. satoiZone.

Table 44. Measurements (in Millimeters) of "PseudofusuUna" cf. bacca Morikawa and Isomi


D.

Prol.

Hall

0.015336b-3 4.70+ 2.15+ 2.191 0.18

336(2b) 4.30+ 2.20+ 1.951 0.15 0.030

Max.

Min.

Aver.

4.70+

4.30+

4.50+

2.20+

2.15+

2.18+

2.191

1.951

2.071

0.18

0.15

0.17

0.030

0.015

0.023

Radius vector (mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

336D-3 0.18 0.28 0.43 0.63 0.58 1.03 1.20+

336(2b) 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.45 0.70 0.95 1.28+

Max.

Min.

0.18

0.10

0.14

0.28

0.18

0.23

0.43

0.30

0.37

0.63

0.45

0.54

0.70

0.58

0.64

1.03

0.95

0.99

1.28+

1.20+

1.24+

Ratio of Hi. /Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

336b-3 1.00 1.09 1.53 1.92 2.91 2.24 2.041

336(2b) 2.00 2.14 2.08 2.17 2.11 2.16 1.841

Max.

Min.

2.00

1.00

1.50

2.14

1.09

1.62

2.08

1.53

1.81

2.17

1.92

2.05

2.91

2.11

2.51

2.24

2.16

2.20

2.041

1.841

1.941

Thickness of sDirotheca t mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

336b-3 0.020 0.040 0.050 0.065 0.070 0.075 0.085

0.020

0.020

0.020

0.020

0.025 0.030 0.065 0.080 0.080 0.050

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.040

0.025

0.033

0.050

0.030

0.040

0.065

0.065

0.065

0.080

0.070

0.075

0.080

0.075

0.078

0.085

0.050

0.068


Table 44 (<continued).


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

336b-3 31 32 21 45 37 _

336(2b) 14 24 27 44 _ 25

Max. 31 32 27 45 37 25

Min. 14 24 21 44 37 25

Aver. 23 28 24 45 37 25

"Pseudofusulina" aff'. fusiformis (Schellwien, 1909)

Pl. 7, fig. 6

Compare:1909. Fusulina vulgaris var. fusiformis Schellwien. Schellwien and Dyhrenfurth.

Palaeontographica, 56, p. 165-168, pl. 15, figs. 1-4.1927. ScheUwienia vulgaris var. fusiformis, Lee. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. B, 4, Fasc. 1, Geol. Surv.

China, p. 67, 68, pl. 9, figs. 3, 5.1948. Pseudofusulinafusiformis, Thompson. Univ. Kansas, Paleont. Contr., Protozoa, Art. 1, p. 53, pl.

12, fig. 3 (after Schellwien and Dyhrenfurth, 1909).1955. Pseudofusulina fusiformis, Morikawa. Sci. Rep. Saitama Univ., Ser. B, 2(1), p. 98, 99, pl. 13,

figs. 1-7.1961. Pseudofusulina aff. fusiformis, Nogami. Mem. CoU. Sci. Univ., Kyoto, Ser. B, 27(3), p. 221-223,

pl. 11, figs. 7-9.1961. Pseudofusulinafusiformis, Morikawa and Isomi. GeoL Surv.Japan, Rep. (191), p. 19, 20, pl. 7,

figs. 11, 12, pl. 8, figs. 12, 13, pl. 10, figs. 1-10, pl. 11, figs. 1-10, pl. 12, figs. 1-10, pl. 13, fig. 5.1962. Schwagerinafusiformis, Suyari. Jour. Gakugei, Tokushima Univ., Nat. Scu, 12, p. 26, pl. 8, figs.7-9.1965. Pseudofusulinafusiformis, Kanmera and Mikami. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 16(3),

p. 301,302, pl. 52, figs. 1-6.1975. Pseudofusulinafusiformis, Sakaguchi and Yamagiwa. Mem. Osaka Kyoiku Univ., 24(3), p. 182,

183, pl. 2, figs. 1,2,11.1991. Pseudofusulina cf.fusiformis, Watanabe. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec. Pap., pl. 17, figs. 1-7.

Material: Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 122 [3791-2].

Description: uPseudofusulina" aff. fusiformis is moderate in size, fusiform with nearlystraight axis ofcoiling and rather sharply pointed poles. The lateral slopes are slighdyconvex to straight. Mature shell is four and a half volutions, attaining the length of4.70+mm and the median widthof 2.15+mm. Its form ratio is 2.19±. Ratios of the

half length to radius vector of the first to fifth volution are 1.43, 2.00, 2.19, 2.21 and2.00+ respectively. The proloculus is rather large in the shell size, and its outsidediameter is 0.26 mm. The first volution is tightly coiled and the shell expandsuniformly. Radius vectors of the first to fifth volution are 0.18, 0.33, 0.65, 0.95 and

1.20+ mm, respectively. Spirotheca is thin and typical form for this genus.Thicknesses of the spirotheca in the first to fifth volution are 0.020,0.050,0.070,0.105and 0.110 mm, respectively. Septa are fluted throughout the shell and more stronglyfluted in the axial regions. Chomata are absent. Tunnel is narrow in the innervolutions. Tunnel angles of the first to fourth volution are 19,39,39 and 31 degrees,

86 Yasuhiro Ota

respectively.

Remarks: The present specimen, "Pseudofusulina" aff. fusiformis is similar toPseudofusulina fusiformis of the original illustration by Schellwien (1909). In Thompson (1948), Schellwien's specimen of his figure 2, plate 15 was designated asthe holotype of Pseudofusulinafusiformis (Schellwien). This specimen has a moreelongated fusiform shell than the present specimen. Further study of this form willbe necessary to determinate the definite species.


Table 45. Measurements (in Millimeters) of'"Pseudofusulina" aff.fusiform (Schellwien)


D.

Prol.

Hall

3791-2 4.70+ 2.15+ 2.191 0.26 0.020

Radius vector (nun. ]1l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3791-2 0.18 0.33 0.65 0.95 1.20+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3791-2 1.43 2.00 2.19 2.21 2.001

Thickness of spirotheca (lmn.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3791-2 0.020 0.050 0.070 0.105 0.110


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3791-2 19 39 39 31 _

Pseudofusulina (?) sp. APl. 7, figs. 7-10

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400, 123 [387c-A], KMNH IvP 400, 125 [360a]

and KMNH IvP 400, 126 [723]. Axial section, but the outer volutions are somewhat

depressed: KMNH IvP 400, 124 [387d-l].

Description: The shell of Pseudofusulina (?) sp. A is rather large and elongate fusiformwith an almost straight axis of coiling and somewhat sharply pointed poles. Maturespecimens are four and a half to six volutions and attain 7.10 to 8.70+ mm long and2.90+ to 3.20+ mm wide. Its form ratio is 2.22 to 2.84±, averaging 2.60± for fourspecimens. The inner volutions are more or less slender fusiform with rather sharplypointed poles in the axial profiles and the outer volutions gradually become larger


and elongate fusiform. Average ratios of the half length to the radius vector of thefirst to fifth volution for four specimens are 1.60, 1.97, 2.30, 2.31 and 2.54+, respectively. The proloculus is large in relative size and spherical in shape. Its outsidediameter is0.23 to 0.42 mm, averaging 0.35 mm for four specimens. The first volutioniscloselycoiled around the proloculus, and the succeeding volutions are rather looselycoiled, but expand uniformly to maturity. Average radius vectors of the first to fifthvolution for four specimens are 0.26,0.41,0.69,0.99 and 1.34+mm, respectively. Thespirotheca is rather thick and composed of a tectum and keriotheca with coarsealveoli. The thickness of spirotheca increases as the shell grows and also from thepolar ends to the median portion of the shell. Averages of the thickness in the firstto fifth volution for four specimens are 0.029, 0.041, 0.065, 0.068 and 0.083 mm,respectively. Phrenothecae is irregularly developed. Septa are more and lessstrongly fluted and more better developed near the polar regions. In the centralpart of the shell, their folds occur in the base of the chambers, but in the end zones of

the shell, they occur to the top of chambers. Chomata are absent or rudimentary.Tunnel isnarrowand becomeswiderrather rapidlyto the outer volutionsand itspathis almost straight. Averages of the tunnel angles of the first to fourth volution forfour specimens are 22, 33, 37 and 50 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: Pseudofusulina (?) sp. Aissimilar to Pseudofusulina ambigua (Deprat, 1913)from Permian Cammon region. In the Akiyoshi regions, most specimens ofPseudofusulina ambigua were described byToriyama (1958). Toriyama recognizedvarious forms for the species Pseudofustdina ambigua. The obtained material is verysimilar to Pseudofusulina ambigua sensu Toriyama (1958), but Deprat's original illustration of ambiguacan be distinguished fromthe presentspecimens byitsrather weaklyand irregularly developed septal fluting. Deprat's ambigua has the regularly andconstantlydeveloped septal fluting throughout the length of the shell. The horizonof Pseudofusulina (?) sp.Aalso seems to beolder than that of Pseudofusulina ambiguaasknown before. Furthermore, this species is doubtful to be referred to the genusPseudofusulina. The present specimens resemble Pseudofusulina huecoensis, i. e. typespeciesof the genus Pseudofusulina in general features. However, their stratigraphiclevels seem to be older, because the specimens are obtained from a lower horizonthan the horizonof"megarospheric uddeni-type of Pseudoschxuagerina", that was generally referred to the Pseudoschxuagerina muongthensis Zone in the Akiyoshi region. Thehorizon of Pseudofusulina (?) sp. A is possibly correlated with that of the Daixina Zoneof Europe and Russia.

Occurrence: The Schwagerina (?) cf. saloiZone.

88 Yasuhiro Ota

Table 46. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Pseudofusulina (?) sp. A


D.

Prol.

Hall

360a 8.70+ 3.20+ 2.721 0.42 0.025

387C-A 8.25+ 2.90+ 2.841 0.38 0.040

387d-l 7.75 2.95 2.63 0.36 0.025

723 7.10 3.20 2.22 0.23 0.040

Max.

Min.

Aver.

8.70+

7.10

7.95+

3.20+

2.90+

3.06+

2.841

2.22

2.601

0.42

0.23

0.35

0.040

0.025

0.033


387d-l

723 0.20 0.25 0.55 0.85 1.30 1.60

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.40

0.20

0.26

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

0.65

0.25

0.41

1.00

0.55

0.69

1.25

0.85

0.99

1.45+ 1.80+

1.20 1.60

1.34+ 1.68+

2.791

723 1.00 2.20 2.36 2.24 2.08 2.63

Max.

Min.

Aver.

3.00

1.00

1.60

2.50

1.57

1.97

2.70

2.05

2.30


2.84

1.79

2.31

2.93 2.63

2.08 2.17

2.541 2.461

0.025 0.040 0.055 0.065 0.055 0.075

387d-l

723

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.045 0.050 0.065 0.065 0.085

0.035 0.050 0.070 0.075 0.085 0.090

0.010 0.025 0.070 0.065 0.105 0.080

0.045 0.050 0.070 0.075 0.105 0.090

0.010 0.025 0.055 0.065 0.055 0.075

0.029 0.041 0.065 0.068 0.083 0.082


l 2

Max. 33 40 42 58

Min. 15 25 32 40

Aver. 22 33 37 50

Genus Rugosofusulina Rauser-Chernousova, 1937

Type-species: Fusulina prisca Ehrenberg em. Moeller of Rauser-Chernousova


(1937): Fusuline prisca (Ehrenberg) of von Moller (1878). Acad. Imp. Sci. St.Petersbourg, Mem, Ser. 7, 25(9), p. 56-59, pl. 3, figs, la-le, pl. 6, figs. 2a-2c. [In Thompson (1948), the selected holotype of form which genus was defined is illustratedby von Moller (1878) as figure 2a, plate 6 and by Schellwien (1908) as figure 8,plate 18.]

Generic diagnosis: The genus Rugosofusulina has a small and elongate fusiform tosubcylindrical shell with blundy pointed poles. Mature specimens are four to sixvolutions, attaining about 4.00 to 12.00 mm long and about 1.60 to 3.80 mm wide.The proloculus is moderate in size. The succeeding volutions are more or less looselycoiled and expand rather uniformly as the shell grows. Spirotheca consists of a tectum and keriotheca with coarse alveoli and rugosity. Septa are intensely fluted andirregularly fluted. Chomata are rudimental or absent, but some specimens have verysmall and discontinuous chomata like pseudochomata in the inner volutions.

Remarks: Some specialists regard this genus Rugosofusulina as a synonym of the genus Pseudofusulina and the treatment of the genus Rugosofusulina isverydifficult. Thegenus Rugosofusulinawas first introduced byRauser (1937), based on the rugose structure of the tectum. According to her, the representatives of this Rugosofusulina disappear with the end of the Upper Carboniferous. The characteristics of the rugosestructure do not seem to be favorable for determination of the genus, because wehave difficultyin telling whether the rugosityisan original attribute or not. However,the genus Rugosofusulina tentativelycan be distinguished from the genus Pseudofusulinaby its irregular septal fluting, the presence of better developed chomata and lack ofphrenothecae, and well-developed rugosity throughout the shell.

Rugosofusulina arctica (Schellwien, 1908)

PI. 7, figs. 11-14

1908. Fusulina arctica Schellwien. Palaeontographica, 55, p. 173, 174, pl. 16, figs.3-9.1927. ScheUwienia arctica, Lek. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. B,4, Fasc. 1, Geol. Surv.China, p. 52-55,

pl. 7, figs. 1-4, 5?, 6, 7.1937. Schwagerina arctica, Lee. Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 16, p. 96, 97.1937. Schwagerina? arctica, Thompson. Jour. Paleontology, 11(2), p. 123,pl. 22, fig. 11.1938. Triticites arcticus, Rauser-Chernousova. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta, 7,

p. 115-117, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6.1958. Triticites (Triticites) arcticus, Rozovskaya. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta,

13, p. 90, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11.1958. Triticites arctica, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser.D,7, p. 110-112, pl. 11,figs. 14-

25.

1961. Triticites aff. arctica, Kawano. Bull. Fac. Educ. Yamaguchi Univ., Mathem. &Sci., 11,p. 78-80,pl. 4, figs. 14-19.

1962. Pseudofusulina (Rugosofusulina) arctica, Rossand Dunbar. Meddelelserom Gr0nland, 167(5), p.41-43, pl. 6, figs. 1-7.

1964. Rugosofusulina arctica, Sada. four. Sci., Hiroshima Univ., Ser.C, 4(3), p. 241-245, pl. 24, figs.

90 Yasuhiro Ota

1-17, 20?, pl. 26, figs. 19-29.1995. Rugosofusulina arctica,Y. Ota. Sci.Repts., Earth & Planet. Sci.,Kyushu Univ.,19(1), pl. 5, figs. 6,

7.

Material: Axial sections: KMNH IvP 400,127 [348a-l ] and KMNH IvP 400,128 [354a-

2]. Sagittal sections: KMNH IvP 400,129 [348a-2] and KMNH IvP 400,130 [354a-3].

Description: The shell of Rugosofusulina arctica is moderate in the size and elongatefusiform to subcylindrical with rather bluntly pointed poles. The lateral slopes are

slightly convex to nearly straight. Mature species are five to five and a halfvolutions,and attain about the length of5.10+ to 5.50 mm and the width of1.85 to 1.90+ mm. Itsform ratio is 2.68± to 2.97, averaging 2.83±. Average ratios of the half length to theradius vector of the first to fifth volution for two specimens are 1.02, 1.66, 1.94, 2.50

and 2.86, respectively. The proloculus is somewhat small in this size of shell andspherical to subspherical. Its outside diameter is 0.22 to 0.28 mm, averaging 0.25mm for two specimens. The first to second volutions are tighdy coiled and expandslowly. The succeeding volutions expand rapidly and become elongate fusiform.Average radius vectors of the first to fifth volution for two specimens are 0.17, 0.27,0.42, 0.65 and 0.85 mm, respectively. The spirotheca with rugosity is more or lessthin but its thickness increases to maturity, and composed ofa tectum and keriotheca.Average thicknesses in the first to fifth volution for two specimens are 0.013, 0.038,0.055, 0.070 and 0.093, respectively. Septa are also thin and irregularly flutedthroughout the shell. The septal folds are well developed in the polar regions andweaklydeveloped in the central part of the shell. Averageseptal counts of the first tosixth volution for twospecimens are 10,16,17,17,19 and 12+,respectively. Chomataare weaklydeveloped in the inner volutions. Tunnel is narrow in the inner volutionsand becomes wider rather rapidly to the outer volutions. The tunnel path is almoststraight but occasionally irregular. Averagesof the tunnel angles of the first to fourthvolution for two specimens are 20, 27, 43 and 33 degrees, respectively.

Remarks: The present specimens from thejigoku-dani area, Akiyoshi have ratherstronger septal fluting,compared with the typespecimensofSchellwien (1908). Inthe Akiyoshi region, Toriyama (1958) reported this species as Triticites arctica(Schellwien) . Among Toriyama's specimens the strongly developed wall rugosityis not recognized, but in some specimens the rugose structure seems to be confirmedin the spirotheca. For examples, pl. 11,figs. 18,22,23, Toriyama (1958). Furthermore, the author confirmed the rugosityin the typespecies of Schellwien (figs. 3-9,pl. 16), and therefore, he regards the present specimens as Rugosofusulina arctica.

Occurrence: The Schwagerina (?) cf. satoiZone.


Table 47. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Rugosofusulina arctica (Schellwien)


D.

Prol.

Hall

348a-l 5. 10+ 1.,90+ 2.,681 0.22 0.015

354a-2 5. 50 1..85 2.,97 0.28 0.015

Max.

Min.

Aver.

5.

5.

5.

.50

,10+

,30+

1.

1.

1.

,90+

.85

,88+

2.

2.

2,

,97

.681

.831

0.28

0.22

0.25

0.015

0.015

0.015

Radius vector (mm.)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

348a-l 0.15 0.25 0.38 0.60 0.80 0.95+

354a-2 0.18 0.28 0.45 0.70 0.90

Max. .

Min.

Aver.

0.18

0.15

0.17

0.28

0.25

0.27

0.45

0.38

0.42

0.70

0.60

0.65

0.90

0.80

0.85

0.95+

0.95+

0.95+

Ratio of HI../Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

348a-l 1.17 1.40 1.60 1.92 2.66 2.951

354a-2 0.86 1.91 2.28 3.07 3.06

Max.

Min.

Aver.

1.17

0.86

1.02

1.91

1.40

1.66

2.28

1.60

1.94

3.07

1.92

2.50

3.06

2.66

2.86

2.951

2.951

2.951


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

34 8a-i 0.010 0.025 0.045 0.065 0.070 0.085

354a-2 0.015 0.050 0.065 0.075 0.115

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.015

0.010

0.013

0.050

0.025

0.038

0.065

0.045

0.055

0.075

0.065

0.070

0.115

0.070

0.093

0.085

0.085

0.085


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

348a-l 15 19 37 34 _

354a-2 24 34 48 32

Max.

Min.

Aver.

24

15

20

34

19

27

48

37

43

34

32

33

Septal count

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

348a-2 11 16 16 18 22 6+

354a-3 9 15 18 15 16 17

Max.

Min.

Aver.

11

9

10

16

15

16

18

16

17

18

15

17

22

16

19

17

6+

12+

Subfamily Pseudoschwagerininae Chang, 1963Genus Pseudoschwagerina Dunbar and Skinner, 1936

Type-species: Schwagerina uddeniBeede and Kniker, 1924. Texas Univ. Bull (2433), p.27-30,pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, pl. 4, fig. 10, pl.6, figs. 1,2, 4-7. [The axial sectionillustrated

92 Yasuhiro Ota

by Beede and Kniker (1924) as figure 1 on their plate 6 was designated the holotypeof Pseudoschxuagerina uddeni(Beede and Kniker) by Thompson (1948).]

Generic diagnosis: The shell of Pseudoschwagerina is somewhat large and inflated fusiform to subglobular, with an almost straight axis of coiling and bluntly pointed

poles. The proloculus is spherical in shape and slighdy small to large in relative size.The juvenarium of the inner two and five volutions are compactiy coiled and thefollowing outer volutions expand rapidly and become highly inflated. The lastvolution of maturity is more tighdy coiled than its previous volution. The spirothecais composed of a tectum and keriotheca. The thickness of the spirotheca increasesas the shell grows. Septa are thin and almost plane, but fluted irregularly throughout the shell. In general, the septal folds are slightly developed in the axial regionsand more developed to the polar regions. Chomata are commonly weakly developed in the innervolutions and in the outer ones are rudimentary or lacking. Tunnelis low, and its path is straight.

Remarks: Many authors have discussed the genus Pseudoschwagerina, since this genuswas established. Most of them discussed the dimorphism ofPseudoschwagerina. Thegenus Pseudoschwagerina was established by Dunbar and Skinner together with thegenus Paraschwagerina. They designated Schwagerina uddeni Beede and Kniker asthe type species of Pseudoschwagerina. Later, Thompson (1948) designated the specimen in the figure shown by Beede and Kniker (1924, plate 6, figure 1) as the holotype of Pseudoschwagerina uddeni Beede and Kniker. Formerly, Schwagerina uddeniBeede and Kniker wascomprised of speciesof twodifferent types,namely, microsphericand megalospheric forms. According to Thompson (1948), the type species ofPseudoschwagerina is microspheric form. In Japan, the genus Pseudoschwagerina hassome variation in the proloculus sizeor thejuvenarium form. Here, the author wouldlike to treat both microspheric and megalospheric forms as the dimorphism of thegenus Pseudoschwagerina.

Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis (Deprat, 1915)Pl. 8, figs. 1-4

1915. Fusulina muongthensis Deprat. Mem. Serv. Geol. deTIndochine, 4, Fasc. 1,Etudedes Fusulinidesde Chine et d'Indochine IV. Mem., p. 5-7, pl. 2, figs. 1-6.

1924. Schwagerina muongthensis, Beede and Kniker. Texas Univ. Bull. (2433), p. 34-37, pl. 9, figs. 5,6 (After Deprat).

1925. Schwagerina muongtttensis, Ozawa. four. CoU. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, 45,Art.6, p. 47,48, pl. 8,figs. 1,2.

1927. Schwagerina moungthensis, Lee. Palaeontologia Sinica, Ser. B, 4, Fasc. 1, Geol. Surv. China, p.120, pl. 23, figs. 3, 4, 2?.

1938. Schwagerina aff. muongthensis, Rauser-Chernousova. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Trudy GeologicheskogoInstituta, 7, p. 131, 132, pl. 7, fig. 4.

1958. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis, Toriyama. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 7, p. 158-

Middle Carboniferous to Early Pennian Fusulinaceans from the AkiyoshiLimestone Group 93

161, pl. 18, figs. 15-18, pl. 19, figs. 1-9.1959. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis, Miklukho-Maklay. Gosudarstvennogo Univ., Ser. Geol. Nauk,

10(268), p. 158.1964. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis, Sada. Jour. Sci., Hiroshima Univ., Ser. C, 4(3), p. 262, 263, pl.

27, figs. 6-8.1977. Pseudoschwagerina (Pseudoschxuagerina) muongthensis, M. Ota, Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Sci. Mus., (12),

p. 16, pl. 2, figs. 11, 12.1981. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis, Wang, Sheng and Zhang. So. Press, p. 46,47, pl. 3, figs. 1-3.1990. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis, Ozawa and Kobayashi. Guide book ofBenthos '90, pl. 6, figs.

13, 14.

1991. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis, Watanabe. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec. Pap., pl. 36, fig. 1-15.1993. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis, Y. Ota and M. Ota. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (28),

pl. 3, fig. 4.1995. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis, Y. Ota. Sci. Repts., Earth & Planet. Sci., Kyushu Univ., 19(1),

pl. 5, figs. 8,9.

Material: Axialsections:AK26-2 from the AKarea in front of the Akiyoshi-dai Museumof Natural History and KMNH IvP400, 132 [731 (l)-2]. Oblique-centered section:KMNHIvP 400, 131 [731(1)-1]. Sagittal section: KMNH IvP 400, 133 [332(la)-3].

Description: The specimens collected from thejigoku-dani area are poorly preservedand oblique section. Hence, the detailed characters of the specimens are not confirmed. However, the specimenscan be recognizedasPseudoschwagerina muongthensisof Deprat (1915), on the basisof the similarity of the general features. The shell ofPseudoschwagerina muongthensis fromJigoku-dani, is rather large and inflated fusiformwith an almoststraightaxis of coiling and blundypointed poles. The lateral slopesare convex toslighdy concave near the polarends. Maturespecimenfrom thejigoku-dani area, has five volutions. The proloculus is fairly large in comparison with thesize. The first volution is tightly coiled and spherical in shape. The followingvolutionsare loosely coiledand expand rapidly. The spirotheca is relatively thin andcomposed of a tectum and keriotheca. Its thickness increases to the maturevolutions. Septa are thin and nearly plane, but slightly fluted in the basal part ofchambers. The intensity of theseptal fluting increases to thepolarregions. Chomataare small but distinct in the first to second volution. Tunnel is narrow in the inner

volutions and becomes wide in the outer volutions. The measurements of the ob

tained specimens are shown in Table 48.

Remarks: In the Akiyoshi region, many specimens of Pseudoschxuagerina muongthensiswere described byToriyama (1958). Then, Toriyama included the specimens withrather smallproloculus into Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis. The problem of dimorphismofPseudoschwagerina muongthensis isvery difficult. Formerly, many authors recognized its dimorphism in the Akiyoshi region. In Jigoku-dani area and AK area,the microspheric form of the genus Pseudoschwagerina occurs in a slightly olderbiohorizon than the megalospheric form. Here, the author tentatively confined

94 Yasuhiro Ota

Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis to the megarospheric form. However, in the investigated areas, the occurrences of Pseudoschwagerina are rather rare, probably owing tofacies control and therefore the author could not examine the problem of dimor

phism in detail.


Table 48. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis (Deprat) versus Pseudoschwagerina morikaiuai Igo

Measurements (in Millimeters) of Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis (Deprat)

Sample NumberL. H. R. Prol.

D.

Prol.

Wall

731U1-1 6.30 3.90 1.62 0.31 0.040

731(1)-2(Y) 3.60 2.20 1.64 0.37 0.040

AK26-2 6.05 3.90 1.55 0.30 0.050

Max.

Hln.

Aver./2

6.30

3.60

6.18

3.90

2.20

3.90

1.641.55

1.59

0.37

0.30

0.31

0.050

0.040

0.045

Aver./3 5.32 3.33 1.60 0.33 0.043

Measurements (in Miillimeters) of Pseudoschwagerina mor


D.

Prol.

Hall

AK25-1 5.70 3.40 1.68 0.09 0.010

AK26-4 4.70 3.20 1.47 0.10 0.015

Max.

Min.Aver.

5.70

4.70

5.20

3.40

3.20

3.30

1.68

1.47

1.58

0.10

0.09

0.10

0.015

0.010

0.013

Pseudoschiuagerina muongthensis (Deprat)Radius vector (nun. )

731(11-1

731(1)-2(Y)

AK26-2

Max.

Min.

Aver./2

Aver./3

0.33

0.15

0.20

0.73

0.30

0.35

1.43

0.65

0.70

Pseudoschwagerina morikawai IgoRadiua vector (mm.)

Max.

Min.Aver.

0.10

0.080.09

0.18

0.13

0.16

0.30

0.200.25

1.40

1.20

1.30

0.55

0.500.53

Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis (Deprat)Ratio of HI. /Rv.

73KH-1

731(1)-2(Y>

AK26-2

Max.

Min.Aver./2Aver./3

2.00

1.23

1.63

2.17

2.17

1.24

1.78

1.85

1.85

1.35

1.79

1.63

1.46

1.55

2.05

1.85

1.95

1.00

0.93

0.97

1.781.65

1.72

1.53

1.431.48

1.90

1.70

1.80

Middle Carboniferous toEarly Permian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group 95

Pseudoschwagerina morikaxuai IcoRatio of Hl./Rv.


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

AK25-1 2.00 2.20 2 .63 2.05 1.76 1.63 1.59

AK26-4 2.00 2.14 1 .75 2.14 1.85 1.46 1.38Max.

Min.Aver.

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.20

2.14

2.17

2

1

2

.63

.75

.19

2.14

2.05

2.10

1.85

1.76

1.81

1.63

1.46

1.55

1.59

1.38

1.49

Pseudoschxuagerina muongthensis (DThickness of spirotheca (mm.

EPRA

)

T)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

731(11-1 0.020 0.070 0. 070 0.130 0.140

73im-2m 0.040 0.035 0. 045

AK26-2 0.030 0.030 0. 055 0.060 0.090

Max.

Min.

Aver.12

0.040

0.020

0.025

0.070

0.030

0.050

0.

0.

0.

070

045

063

0.130

0.060

0.095

0.140

0.090

0.115

Aver./3 0.030 0.045 0. 057

PseudoschwagenThickness of

ina morikaxuai loo

spirotheca (mm. )l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

AK25-1 0.015 0.020 0. 040 0.050 0.055 0.105 0.115

AK26-4 0.020 0.025 0. 040 0.050 0.065 0.085 0.090

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.020

0.015

0.018

0.025

0.020

0.023

0.

0.

0.

040

040

040

0.050

0.050

0.050

0.065

0.055

0.060

0.105

0.085

0.095

0.115

0.090

0.103

PseudoschwageriTunnel angle

na muongthensis(degrees)

(Deprat)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

731(1)-1 31 56 44

731(l)-2m 30 41

AK26-2 24 44 48

Max.

Min.

Aver./2

31

24

28

56

41

50

48

44

46

Aver./3 28 47

PseudoschwageriTunnel anqle

na morikawai Ig<

(deqrees)

0

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

AK25-1 30 37 59 _ 52 51

AK26-4 25 _ _ 61 _ _

Max.

Min.

Aver.

30

25

28

37

37

37

59

59

59

61

61

61

52

52

52

51

51

51

Pseudoschwagerii

Sample Number

na muongthensis

L. H.

(Deprat

r.

r) (Sagittal)

Prol. Prol.

D. Hall

332(lal-3 0.27 0.035

Septal count

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

332(la)-3 3 13 21 17 6+

96 Yasuhiro Ota


Pseudoschwagerina morikawai Igo (Sagittal)


D.

Prol.

Wall

AK25-2 0.08 0.015

Septal count

AK25-2

Pseudoschwagerina sp.

Pl. 8, fig. 8

Material: Sagittal section: KMNH IvP 400, 134[729(1)].

Description: In theJigoku-dani area, thepreservation of thegenus Pseudoschwagerinais generally poor. Only one sagittal section of Pseudoschwagerina sp. was obtained.Therefore, the author can not describe in detail this species from the collectedmaterial. However, the obtainedspecimen has a more or less small proloculus withoutside diameter of 0.11 mm. In the Akiyoshi region, Pseudoschwagerina morikawaihasbeen known asa microspheric form. The obtained specimen ispossibly similartothe sagittal section ofPseudoschwagerina morikawai illustrated by Igo (1957). Morespecimens areessential todeterminate thespecific position ofthis fusulinid.

Remarks: The specimen at hand is a sagittal section so the detailed features cannot be confirmed. However, the specimen compares to the sagittal section ofPseudoschwagerina morikawai Igo, 1957, because the present specimen has a smallproloculus and also resembles the sagittal section ofPseudoschwagerina morikawai fromAK area in Y. Ota and M. Ota (1993). As already pointed out by Igo (1957),Pseudoschwagerina morikawai can bedistinguished from Pseudoschwagerina muongthensisby its having asmaller proloculus. Among the author's investigated areas, thejigoku-dani and AK areas, contain the microspheric forms of Pseudoschwagerina. Thebiohorizon seems to be slightly older than that of the megalospheric form ofPseudoschwagerina.


Middle Carboniferous toEarly Permian Fusulinaceans from theAkiyoshi Limestone Group 97

Table49. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Pseudoschxuagerina sp.

Sample Number L. H. R. Prol. Prol.

D. Hall

729(11 0.11 0.010

Septal count

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

729(11

Pseudoschwagerina (?) sp.Pl. 8, fig. 9

Material: Slighdyoblique-centered section: KMNH IvP400, 135 [300d-b].

Description: The collected specimen is depressed in the outer line of the shell andslightly oblique in the section. Hence, the detailed characteristics can not be determined. The present specimen is subspherical in shape with more or less roundedpoles. The shell attains six volutions, measuring 5.40 mm long and 3.45 mm wide.Itsform ratio is 1.57. Ratios of the half length to the radiusvectorof the first to sixthvolution are1.60, 1.33,1.56,1.38,1.58 and 1.77, respectively. Theproloculus is verysmall and its outside diameter is 0.11 mm. The succeeding first volution is tightlycoiled and spherical. The following volutions seemingly are loosely coiled and expand somewhat rapidly. Radius vectors of the first to sixth volution are 0.13, 0.23,0.40, 0.73,1.13, and 1.73 mm, respectively. The spirotheca ismoderate in thicknessand becomes thicker to maturity. It is composed of a tectum and keriotheca withcoarse alveoli. Thicknesses of the spirotheca of the first to sixth volution are 0.020,0.025,0.050,0.080,0.090, and0.170 mm, respectively. Thesepta areprobably notsostrongly fluted throughout the shell, because the specimen is depressed and the original characters of the septal fluting can not be observed completely. Chomata areabsent throughout the shell.

Remarks: The preservation is fairly poor. Details can not be observed. This specimen hasa small proloculus and lacks chomata. Seemingly, this material reveals anintermediate form between the genus Schwagerina and Pseudoschxuagerina. More specimens are essential to solve on this problem.

Occurrence: The Pseudoschxuagerina muongthensis Zone.

98 Yasuhiro Ota

Table 50. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Pseudoschxuagerina (?) sp.


D.

Prol.

Hall

300d-b 5.40 3.45 1.57 0.11 0.010


300d-b 0.13 0.23 0.40 0.73 1.13 1.73

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

300d-b 1.60 1.33 1.56 1.38 1.58 1.77


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

300d-b 0.020 0.025 0.050 0.080 0.090 0.170


l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

300d-b 16 38 45 - -

Genus Paraschwagerina Dunbar and Skinner, 1936

Type-species: Schwagerinagigantea White, 1932. Texas Univ. Bull (3211), p. 82, 83,pl. 8, figs. 13-15. [The specimen illustrated by White (1932) asfigure 13, plate 8andre-illustrated byDunbar and Skinner (1937) as figure 5, plate 55 was designated asthe holotype of Paraschwagerina gigantea (White) byThompson (1948).]

Generic diagnosis: The shell of the genus Paraschwagerina is considerably large andthickly fusiform to subspherical with bluntly rounded poles. The proloculus isverysmall. The inner volutions are tightly coiled and the outer ones are highly inflated.The inner volutions are fusiform with rather sharply pointed poles and well-developed septal fluting. Thespirotheca is relatively thick andcomposed ofa tectum andkeriotheca. Septa are highly fluted throughout the shell. Chomata are distinct inthe inner volutions and are indistinct in the outer volutions.

Remarks: ThegenusParaschwagerina issimilar to thegenusPseudoschwagerina in manycharacters of the shell. However, the former possesses well-developed septal flutingand has a much smaller proloculus than Pseudoschxuagerina. The septal folds of thelatter are rather weakly developed and generally confined in the axial and polarregions. Thegenus Paraschwagerina also resembles thegenus Schwagerina. However,Schwagerina isconstantly coiled and chomata are less developed.

Paraschwagerinaspp.

P1.8,figs. 10-13

Material: Almost axial section, KMNH IvP400, 136 [736(2) ]. Oblique centered sec-


tion: KMNH IvP 400, 137 [756(2)]. Axial section: KMNH IvP 400, 138 [756(3)].

Sagittal section: KMNH IvP 400, 139 [759(1)-1].

Description: Paraschxuagerina spp. are characterized by inflated thick fusiform shellwith bluntly pointed poles. The lateral slopes are highly convex and slightly concavenear the polar regions. Two mature shells of 736(2) and 756(2) specimens attain sixto six and a half volutions, measuring 4.35 to 4.85+ mm long and 2.90+ to 3.00 mmwide. Its form ratio is 1.45 to 1.67±, averaging 1.56± for two specimens. Averageratios of the half length to the radius vector of the first to sixth volution for two specimens are 1.67,1.95,2.38,1.83,1.84 and 1.93, respectively. The proloculus is minuteand its outside diameters are 0.07 to 0.12 mm, averaging 0.10 mm for three specimens. The first to three volutions are tightly coiled and succeeding volutions expand rapidly. Average radius vectors of the first to sixth volution for two specimensare 0.11, 0.17, 0.27, 0.63, 1.04 and 1.29 mm, respectively. The spirotheca is ratherthin for this size ofshell and is composed ofa tectum and keriotheca. The thicknessof the spirotheca increases to maturity. Averages of the thickness in the first to fifthvolution for two specimens are 0.013, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035 and 0.048 mm, respectively.The septa are fluted throughout the shell, but more highly and regularly developed inthe outer volutions. Septal counts of the first to seventh volution are 5+, 8+, 10+, 24,

24, 24 and 17+, respectively. Chomata are very small, but distinct in the innervolutions. Tunnel is narrow in the inner volutions and gradually becomes wider in

the outer volutions. Tunnel angle of the first volution of the specimen 736(2) is 10degrees. Averages of the tunnel angles of the second to third volution for threespecimens are 23 and 37 degrees, respectively. Tunnel angle of the fourth volutionof specimen 756(3) measures 48 degrees.

Remarks: The available specimens are regarded as belonging to the genusParaschxuagerina. However, good axial section could not be obtained and there maybe more than one species represented. More material is necessary to correctly determine the species of the specimens. Paraschxuagerina spp. are similar to Paraschxuagerinaakiyoshiensis that wasfirst described byToriyama (1958). Paraschxuagerina akiyoshiensisis regarded as an intermediate form between Paraschxuagerina and Acervoschxuagerina.The present specimens also seem to be an intermediate form. Furthermore, somespecimens from the Jigoku-dani area also resemble Schxuagerina (?) sp. A, but thepresent specimens have rather irregularly fluted and more tightly coiled in the innervolutions.

Occurrence: The Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa Zone.

100 Yasuhiro Ota

Table 51. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Paraschwagerina spp.


D.

Prol.

Wall

736(2) 4.35 3.00 1.45 0.07 0.005

756(2) 4.85+ 2.90+ 1.671 0.12 0.010

756(3) 3.30 1.55 2.13 0.11 0.015

Max.

Hln.

Aver.

4.85+

3.30

4.17+

3.00

1.55

2.48

2.13

1.45

1.751

0.12

0.07

0.10

0.015

0.005

0.010

Radius vector (mm.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

736(2) 0.08 0.13 0.23 0.53 1.20 1.35

756(2) 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.73 0.88 1.23 1.65+

756(3) 0.10 0.13 0.20 0.38 0.58

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.13

0.08

0.10

0.20

0.13

0.15

0.30

0.20

0.24

0.73

0.38

0.55

1.20

0.58

0.89

1.35

1.23

1.29

1.65+

1.65+

1.65+

Ratio of Hl./Rv.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

736(2) 2.00 2.40 3.00 2.24 1.44 1.74

756(2) 1.33 1.50 1.75 1.41 2.23 2.12 1.701

756(3) 2.00 2.40 3.38 3.13 2.91

Max.

Min.

Aver.

2.00

1.33

1.60

2.40

1.50

2.10

3.38

1.75

2.71

3.13

1.41

2.26

2.91

1.44

2.19

2.12

1.74

1.93

1.701

1.701

1.701


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

736(2) 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.040 _

756(2) 0.010 0.010 0.025 0.040 0.055 0.060 0.070+

756(3) 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.025 0.025

Max.

Min.

Aver.

0.015

0.010

0.012

0.020

0.010

0.015

0.025

0.025

0.025

0.040

0.025

0.032

0.055

0.025

0.040

0.060

0.060

0.060

0.070+

0.070+

0.070+

Tunnel angle (deqrees)

l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

736(2) 10 26 54 _ _

756(2) _ 15 22 _ _ _

756(3) _ 27 35 48

Max.

Min.

Aver.

10

10

10

27

15

23

54

22

37

48

48

48

Septal count

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

759(1) 5+ 8+ 10+ 24 24 24 17+

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Soc. Am., Memoir 17: 1-77, pis. 1-18.Toriyama, R. 1945. The fusulinids in the limestone conglomerates of Inomine in the Province of

Tosa (Studies on the Yasuba Conglomerates and its allies in the Titibu Group in the Island ofShikoku 3). JapaneseJour. GeoL, Geogr., 20(1): 1-11, pl. 1.

Toriyama, R.1954a. Geology ofAkiyoshi. Part 1. Studyof the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup. Mem.Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser. D, 4(1): 39-97.

Toriyama, R. 1954b. Geology of Akiyoshi. Part 2. Stratigraphyof the Non-calcareous Groupsdeveloped around the Akiyoshi Limestone Group. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Ser.D,5(1): 1-46.

Toriyama, R. 1958. Geology of Akiyoshi. Part 3. Fusulinids of Akiyoshi. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu

MiddleCarboniferous to Early PermianFusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup 105

Univ., Ser. D, 7: 1-264, pis. 1-48.

Ueno, K. 1989. Carboniferous and Lower Permian foraminiferal biostratigraphy in the AkiyoshiLimestone Group — Studiesof the Upper Palaeozoic foraminifers in the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup, SouthwestJapan. Part I. Bull. Akiyoshi-dai Mus. Nat. Hist., (24): 1-39, pis. 1-8.

Ueno, K. 1991. UpperCarboniferous fusulinaceans fromthe Akiyoshi Limestone Group,SouthwestJapan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., (163): 807-827.

Ueno, K. and Y. Mizuno. 1993. Middleand Upper Carboniferous fusulinaceans from the TaishakuLimestone Group, SouthwestJapan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., (170): 133-158.

Wang Yujing, Sheng Jinzhang and Zhang Linxin. 1981. Fusulinids from Xizang of China.Palaeontology ofXizang, Book 3, Sci. Press: 1-73, pis. 1-21.

Watanabe, K. 1991. Fusuline biostratigraphy of the Upper Carboniferous and LowerPermian ofJapan, with special reference to theCarboniferous-Permian boundary. Palaeont. Soc.Japan, Spec.Pap., (32): 1-150.

White, M. P. 1932. SomeTexas Fusulinidae. Texas Univ. BulL (3211): 1-85,pis.1-10.Wilde, G. L. 1984. Systematics and the Carboniferous-Permian boundary. Neuvieme Congres Inter

national deSlratigraphie etdeGeologie duCarbonifere, Comple Rendu, 2: 543-558.

Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian Fusulinaceans fromthe Akiyoshi Limestone Group, SouthwestJapan

Yasuhiro Ota

Plates 1-8

Explanation of Plate 1All x 10.

(Scale bar: 1 mm)

Figs. 1, 2. Fusulinella biconica (Hayasaka, 1924) [P. 2]1,2. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400,012 [461a] and KMNH IvP 400,

013 [618a-l], respectively.

Figs. 3, 4. Fusulinella cf. obesa Sheng, 1958 [P. 4]3,4. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400,014 [465a] and KMNH IvP 400,

015 [467a], respectively.

Figs. 5-8. Obsoletes obsoletus (Schellwien, 1908) [P. 7]5-8. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 016 [637(b)], KMNH IvP 400,

017 [637(k)], KMNH IvP 400, 018 [532a] and KMNH IvP 400,

019 [637(n)], respectively.

Fig. 9. Protriticites masamichii Ota, 1994 [P. 9]9. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400,020 [520a].

Figs. 10-12. Protriticites matsumotoi (Kanmera, 1995) [P. 11]10-12. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 021 [489c], KMNH IvP 400,

022 [634(1)] and KMNH IvP 400, 023 [538a], respectively.

Fig. 13. Protriticites toriyamai Ota, 1994 [P. 13]13. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 024 [468c].

Fig. 14. Protriticites yanagidai Ota, 1994 [P. 14]14. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 025 [540a].

Figs. 15,16. Pseudofusulinella hidaensis (Kanuma, 1953).... [P. 16]15. Slighdy oblique-centered section, KMNH IvP 400, 027 [517a]:16. Sagittalsection, KMNH IvP400,028[517b].

Figs. 17-20. FusulinncL shikokuensis Ishii, 1958 [P. 18]17. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 029 [492a-l]: 18. Sagittal section,

KMNH IvP 400, 030 [492a-2]: 19, 20. Axial sections, KMNH IvP400,031 [492b] and KMNH IvP400,032 [621 (2)], respectively.

Figs. 21,22. Quasifusulina longissima (vonMoller, 1878) .... [P. 21 ]21,22. Axial sections, KMNH IvP400,033 [675(2)] and KMNH IvP

400, 034 [675(4)-2], respectively.

()ia.Y. Middle Carboniferous toEarly Permian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group Plate

M***H m


(Scale bar: 1 mm)

Fig.1. Quasifusulina sp. A [P. 23]

1. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 035 [675(3)].

Figs. 2, 3. Quasifusulina sp. B [P.24]

2. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 036 [390c-l]: 3. SlighUy oblique-centered section, KMNH IvP 400, 037 [614(1)].

Fig. 4. Quasifusulinoides (?) sp [P.26]

4. Tangential section, KMNH IvP400,038 [639(1)].

Figs. 5-7. Montiparus sp.A [P.28]

5-7. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 039 [679 (1) ], KMNH IvP 400,

040 [676(1)] and KMNH IvP 400,041 [663(1)], respectively.

Figs. 8,9. Montiparus (?) sp.A [P.30]

8, 9. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 042 [554(1)] and KMNH IvP

400,043 [454a], respectively.

Figs. 10-14. Triticites fa'comcus Toriyama,1958 [P. 32]

10-14. Axial sections, KMNH IvP400,044 [392b-l], KMNH IvP 400,045 [392b-2], KMNH IvP400,046 [392-b], KMNHIvP400, 047[586e-l] and KMNH IvP400,048 [605b-2], respectively.

Fig. 15. Trilicites cf. bonus ChenandWang, 1983 [P. 35]

15. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 049 [569k].

Figs. 16-18. Triticites haydeni (Ozawa, 1925) [P. 36]

16. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 050 [379d]: 17. Sagittal section,KMNH IvP400, 051 [379g]: 18. Axialsection, KMNH IvP400,052 [379k].

Ota. Y Middle Carboniferous to Kaily Pennian fusulinaceans from theAkiyoshi Limestone Croup Plate 2


(Scale bar: 1 mm)

Figs. 1, 2. Trilicites hidensis Igo, 1957 [P. 38]

1, 2. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 053 [421a-l] and KMNH IvP

400, 054 [567(3)], respectively.

Fig. 3. Triticitescf. isaensis Toriyama, 1958 [P. 40]

3. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 055 [608d].

Fig.4. Triticites kuroiwaensis Toriyama, 1958 [P. 41]

4. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 056 [392a-2].

Figs. 5-7. Triticites michiaeToRiYAMA, 1958 [P. 42]

5-7. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 057 [379p], KMNH IvP 400,058 [379J-1] and KMNH IvP400, 059 [694(4)], respectively.

Figs. 8-10. Triticitescf. ofoij Toriyama, 1958 [P. 44]

8. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 060 [558b-l ]:

9. Sagittal section, KMNH IvP 400, 061 [558c]: 10. Axial section,KMNH IvP 400, 062 [373d-2].

Figs. 11,12. Triticites cf.pseudosimplex Chen, 1934 [P. 46]

11,12. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400,063 [377a-2] and KMNH IvP

400, 064 [725(1)], respectively.

Figs. 13-18. Triticites saurini Igo, 1957 [P. 47]

13-18. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 065 [429a], KMNH IvP 400,

066 [673(8)], KMNH IvP 400, 067 [403a-3], KMNH IvP 400,068 [433a-l], KMNH IvP 400, 069 [429b] and KMNH IvP 400,

070 [403b], respectively.

Ota. Y. Middle Carboniferous to Early Pennian Fusulinaceans from theAkiyoshi Limestone Group Plate 3


(Scale bar: 1 mm)

Figs. 1-4. Trilicites aff. simplex (Schellwien, 1908) [P. 50]

1. Slighptlyoblique-centered section, KMNH IvP400,071 [379c-l]:2. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400,072 [379a]:

3. SlighUy oblique centered section, KMNH IvP400, 073 [586d]:4. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 074 [413b].

Fig. 5. Trilicites suzukii (Ozawa, 1925) [P. 52]

5. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400,075 [581c-3].

Fig. 6. Triticites aff. suzukii (Ozawa, 1925) [P.53]

6. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 076 [373a-l].

Figs. 7-14. Triticites yayamadakensis Kanmera, 1955 [P. 54]

7-14. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400,077 [605b-l ], KMNH IvP 400,

078 [392A-1], KMNH IvP 400, 079 [392a-3], KMNH IvP 400,

080 [439b], KMNH IvP 400, 081 [581j], KMNH IvP 400, 082[569d], KMNH IvP 400, 083 [392c-l] and KMNH IvP 400, 084

[392a-4], respectively.

Figs. 15-18. Triticitesyayamadakensis evectus Kanmera, 1958 ... [P. 57]

15-18. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 085 [687(b)-l], KMNH IvP

400, 086 [694(18)], KMNH IvP 400, 087 [569'(1)] and KMNHIvP 400, 088 [686(1)], respectively.

Ota, Y. MiddleCarboniferous to Earlv Permian Fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup Plate4

*4£3


(Scale bar: 1 mm)

Fig. 1. Schxuagerina okafujii Toriyama, 1958 [P. 60]

1. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 089 [312a-2].

Fig. 2. Schxuagerina primigena Nogami, 1961 [P. 61]

2. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 090 [313f].

Fig. 3. Schxuagerina cf. princeps (Ehrenberg, 1842) sensu Dunbarand Skinner, 1936 [P. 62]

3. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 091 [312fj\

Figs. 4-6. Schxuagerina cf. stabilis (Rauser, 1937) [P. 63]

4. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 092 [336a-2]:

5. Slightly oblige-centered section, KMNH IvP 400, 093 [336d]:6. Tangential section, KMNH IvP 400, 094 [336e].

Figs. 7-12. Schxuagerina sp. A [P. 65]

7-12. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 095 [332(2a)-7], KMNH IvP

400,096 [586b-2], KMNH IvP400,097 [586J-1 ], KMNH IvP 400,098 [578(6)], KMNH IvP 400, 099 [586d*] and KMNH IvP 400,

100 [586a], respectively.

Figs. 13-18. Schxuagerina sp. B [P. 67]

13,14. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 101 [332D2] and KMNH IvP

400, 102 [332b-A], respectively:15. Slightly oblique-centered section, KMNH IvP400,103 [332( la)-

1]:

16-18. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 104 [586c], KMNH IvP 400,

105 [586al] and KMNH IvP 400, 106 [586e-3], respectively.

Ota.Y. Middle Carboniferous toEarly Pennian Fusulinaceans from theAkiyoshi Limestone Croup Plate 5


(Scale bar: 1 mm)

Figs. 1,2. Schwagerina sp.C [P.69]

1. Slightly oblique-centered section, KMNH IvP 400,107 [317D]:2. Slightly oblique-tangential section,KMNH IvP 400,108 [311a].

Figs. 3, 4. Schwagerina sp.D [P. 71]

3. 4. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 109 [332d-l] and KMNH IvP400, 110 [332h-l], respectively.

Figs. 5,6. Schwagerina (?) aff. kueichihensis (Chen, 1934) ... [P. 72]

5. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 111 [308e-l]: 6. Almost axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 112 [308c-l].

Figs. 7,8. Schwagerina (?) cf. satoi (Ozawa,1925) [P.74]

7. Slightly oblique-centered section, KMNH IvP 400,113 [387d2]:8. Sagittal section, KMNH IvP 400,114 [387c].

Fig. 9. Pseudofusulina aff. ambigua (Deprat, 1913) [P. 77]

9. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400,115 [766(15)].

Fig. 10. Pseudofusulina cf. vulgariss. st (Schellwien, 1909) .. [P. 78]

10. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 116 [766(6)].

Ota.Y. Middle Carboniferous toEarly Permian Fusulinaceans from theAkiyoshi Limestone Group Plate 6


(Scale bar: 1 mm)

Figs. 1-3. Pseudofusulina vulgaris globosa (Schellwien, 1909)[P. 80]

1. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 117 [738(l)-2]:

2. Almost axial section, but slightlyoblique-centered section, KMNHIvP 400, 118 [755(1 )-3]: 3. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 119

[763(2)-3].

Figs. 4, 5. "Pseudofusulina" cf. bacca Morikawa and Isomi, 1961[P. 83]

4-5. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 120 [336(2b)] and KMNH IvP

400, 121 [336b-3], respectively.

Fig. 6. "Pseudofustdina" aff'. fusiformis (Schellwien, 1909)... [P.85]

6. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 122 [3791-2].

Figs. 7-10. Pseudofusulina (?) sp.A [P.86]

7. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 123 [387c-A]:

8. Axial section, but the outer volutions are somewhat depressed,KMNH IvP400, 124 [387d-l]:

9. 10. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 125 [360a] and KMNH IvP400, 126 [723], respectively.

Figs. 11-14. Rugosofusulina arctica (Schellwien, 1908) [P. 89]

11, 12. Axial sections, KMNH IvP 400, 127 [348a-l] and KMNH IvP

400, 128 [354a-2], respectively:13,14. Sagittal sections, KMNH IvP 400, 129 [348a-2] and KMNH

IvP 400, 130 [354a-3], respectively.

Ota.Y. Middle Carboniferous to Early Permian Fusulinaceans from theAkiyoshi Limestone Croup Plate 7

^13


(Scale bar: 1 mm)

Figs. 1-4. Pseudoschwagerina muongthensis (Deprat, 1915) ... [P. 92]1. Axial section collected from the AKarea in front of the Akiyoshi-

dai Museum of Natural History, AK26-2 :2. Oblique-centered section,KMNH IvP 400, 131 [731 (1)-1]:3. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 132 [731 (l)-2]:

4. Sagittal section, KMNH IvP 400, 133 [332(la)-3].Figs. 5-7. Pseudoschwagerina morikawai Igo, 1957

5. 6. Axial sections collected from the AK area in front of theAkiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural History, AK25-1 and AK26-4,respectively:

7. Sagittal section collected from the AK area in front of theAkiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural History, AK25-2 .

Fig. 8. Pseudoschwagerina sp [P- 96]8. Sagittal section, KMNH IvP 400,134[729(1) ].

Fig. 9. Pseudoschwagerina (?) sp [P. 97]9. Slighdy oblique-centered section, KMNH IvP 400, 135 [300d-b].

Figs. 10-13. Paraschwagerina spp [P. 98]10. Almost axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 136 [736(2)]:11. Oblique centered section, KMNH IvP 400,137 [756(2)]:12. Axial section, KMNH IvP 400, 138 [756(3)]:13. Sagittal section, KMNH IvP 400,139 [759(1)-1].

Ota, Y. Middle Carboniferous toEarly Permian Fusulinaceans from theAkiyoshi I.imestone Croup Plate 8

middle carboniferous to early permian fusulinaceans from ... · middle carboniferous to early...

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