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The Personal Server: The Personal Server: Transforming The Cell Phone Transforming The Cell Phone into the Next Personal into the Next Personal Computer Computer Trevor Pering Trevor Pering Intel Research Intel Research

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Page 1: Microsoft Powerpoint

The Personal Server: The Personal Server: Transforming The Cell PhoneTransforming The Cell Phone

into the Next Personal Computerinto the Next Personal Computer

Trevor PeringTrevor Pering

Intel ResearchIntel Research

Page 2: Microsoft Powerpoint

Trends in Mobile Trends in Mobile ComputingComputing

Hard Disk Storage Density

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

YearKil

ob

its

pe

r s

q.i

n.

Storage Trends (Dataquest) Wireless Trends

Mobile Processor Trends

Hard disk density 230Gb/sq.inch in 2005

Intel® StrongARM™ 233MHz at 1WIntel® XScale™ with DVM PXA255 400MHz at 0.6W PXA271 624MHz at 1.4W

Page 3: Microsoft Powerpoint

Personal Wireless Web Server Personal Wireless Web Server

“My MobileWeb Page”

Page 4: Microsoft Powerpoint

Personal Server DemoPersonal Server Demo

Page 5: Microsoft Powerpoint

Personal Media Server:Personal Media Server:video & audio streaming from a cell phonevideo & audio streaming from a cell phone

PHONE MANAGERList cell phones

in the locality

Documents: access from a

Mobile Web Page

Wireless DriveLetter

Streaming MediaApplication e.g

A video plays in a new window

Phones Nearby Indication

Page 6: Microsoft Powerpoint

FILE VIEWER

IEXPLORER

PERSONAL SERVER ACCESS COMPUTER (e.g Desktop PC)

TCP/IP Connectivity

UPNP DESC

WEB SERVER [Apache]

FILE SERVER [Samba]

UPnP

BLUETOOTH

WINDOWS OS

PAN PROFILE

RADIO

LINUX OSUPnP

BLUETOOTH

PAN PROFILE

RADIO

HTTP

Wireless Baseband

UPnPSETUP

UPnPSETUP

Using System Standards and Interoperation with Existing Infrastructure

QUICKTIMESTREAMING SERVER[Darwin]

RTSP

TUPLED Neighborhood Manager (NM)

RPC

Page 7: Microsoft Powerpoint

Personal Servers: Personal Servers: From Prototype to Commercial PlatformFrom Prototype to Commercial Platform

E680: Motorola XScale E680: Motorola XScale Based Linux Cell PhoneBased Linux Cell Phone

Zoar: XScale Cell Phone Zoar: XScale Cell Phone reference platform for CHGreference platform for CHG

Stargate - Embedded

Intel® Xscale™ Processing

Page 8: Microsoft Powerpoint

A Personal Server Ecosystem: A Personal Server Ecosystem: Foundation to ExperienceFoundation to Experience

Musicology

Hierarchical Radios

“The” Personal Server

Photographic Authentication

User Experience

Technology Foundation

Application Contexts

Page 9: Microsoft Powerpoint

Hierarchical Radios OverviewHierarchical Radios Overview

Trading-off Power and BandwidthTrading-off Power and Bandwidth– Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Zigbee)Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Zigbee)– Low-power quiescent mode using BluetoothLow-power quiescent mode using Bluetooth– High-bandwidth transfer using WiFiHigh-bandwidth transfer using WiFi– ……use the best aspect of each technologyuse the best aspect of each technology

Develop Technologies for Multiple RadiosDevelop Technologies for Multiple Radios– Demonstrate basic effectivenessDemonstrate basic effectiveness– Develop and fine-tune management policiesDevelop and fine-tune management policies– Incorporate into standard environments and applicationsIncorporate into standard environments and applications

Trading-off Power and BandwidthTrading-off Power and Bandwidth– Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Zigbee)Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Zigbee)– Low-power quiescent mode using BluetoothLow-power quiescent mode using Bluetooth– High-bandwidth transfer using WiFiHigh-bandwidth transfer using WiFi– ……use the best aspect of each technologyuse the best aspect of each technology

Develop Technologies for Multiple RadiosDevelop Technologies for Multiple Radios– Demonstrate basic effectivenessDemonstrate basic effectiveness– Develop and fine-tune management policiesDevelop and fine-tune management policies– Incorporate into standard environments and applicationsIncorporate into standard environments and applications

Page 10: Microsoft Powerpoint

Radio CharacteristicsRadio CharacteristicsWiFi:WiFi:– Currently the technology of choice Currently the technology of choice

for home/laptopsfor home/laptops– Optimized for coverage and Optimized for coverage and

bandwidthbandwidth– Not well suited for mobile phones Not well suited for mobile phones

because of power consumptionbecause of power consumption

Bluetooth:Bluetooth:– Currently the technology of choice Currently the technology of choice

for mobile phonesfor mobile phones– Optimized for low-power operation Optimized for low-power operation

and standbyand standby– Not as efficient as WiFi for bulk Not as efficient as WiFi for bulk

transfers (power, bandwidth)transfers (power, bandwidth)

Given that emerging systems Given that emerging systems willwill have both WiFi and Bluetooth… have both WiFi and Bluetooth…

0

100

200

300

400

500

Zigbee BT 802.11

Idle

Po

we

r (m

W)

0

50

100

150

200

250

En

erg

y/B

it (

nJ

/bit

)

0.25Mbps 1.1Mbps 11Mbps

Page 11: Microsoft Powerpoint

Experimental SetupExperimental Setup

Include Mica Mote, Bluetooth, and Wi-FiInclude Mica Mote, Bluetooth, and Wi-FiRepeatedly measure handoff between various radiosRepeatedly measure handoff between various radiosFocus on discovery and connection processFocus on discovery and connection process

Page 12: Microsoft Powerpoint

Mica Mote

Bluetooth

Page 13: Microsoft Powerpoint

Wireless Hierarchy ResultsWireless Hierarchy ResultsExperimental Results:Experimental Results:– BT & WiFi can be used together BT & WiFi can be used together

to trade-off power vs. latencyto trade-off power vs. latency– The MicaMote (possibly Zigbee) The MicaMote (possibly Zigbee)

would be a good complementwould be a good complement

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0Discovery Latency (s)

Co

nn

ec

tio

n L

ate

nc

y (

s)

Bluetooh (BT)

Wi-Fi (WF)MicaMote (MM)

MM -> BT9.3 mW

MM -> WF9.3 mW

WF Only398 mW

BT -> WF61 mW

BT Only61 mW

Size = Discovery Power

…the basic Hierarchal Radio concept is feasible, but range and system integration issues need to be fully addressed…

Application Integration:Application Integration:– Integrated into IE for constrained-Integrated into IE for constrained-

bandwidth mediabandwidth media– High-res, low-res, or automatic High-res, low-res, or automatic

selection of video formatselection of video format

Page 14: Microsoft Powerpoint

Wireless “CoolSpot” ModelWireless “CoolSpot” Model

An Island of optimization within a coverage areaAn Island of optimization within a coverage areaWithin a CoolSpot, the system will have enhanced capabilities:Within a CoolSpot, the system will have enhanced capabilities:… … it will be lower power and have an always-on connectionit will be lower power and have an always-on connection… … otherwise, you need to manually activate your WiFiotherwise, you need to manually activate your WiFi… … or move to a nearby CoolSpot.or move to a nearby CoolSpot.

Wi-Fi “HotSpot”

Bluetooth CoolSpotsThe CoolSpots model

specifically frames Bluetooth as an optimization to WiFi, addressing the network-centric laptop and Digital Home usage models.

Page 15: Microsoft Powerpoint

Next Steps Next Steps

Development of Underlying TechnologyDevelopment of Underlying Technology– Detailed measurement and analysis of systemDetailed measurement and analysis of system– Policies for trade-off between latency and powerPolicies for trade-off between latency and power– Incorporating Zigbee radio standard into hierarchyIncorporating Zigbee radio standard into hierarchy

Complete the Conceptual ModelComplete the Conceptual Model– How does the device appear on a network?How does the device appear on a network?– How do CoolSpots fit into real environments?How do CoolSpots fit into real environments?– Integrate with wide-area coverage models (e.g. GSM)Integrate with wide-area coverage models (e.g. GSM)

Page 16: Microsoft Powerpoint

A Personal Server Ecosystem: A Personal Server Ecosystem: Foundation to ExperienceFoundation to Experience

Musicology

Hierarchical Radios

“The” Personal Server

Photographic Authentication

User Experience

Technology Foundation

Application Contexts

Page 17: Microsoft Powerpoint

??? Semi-Trusted TerminalsSemi-Trusted Terminals

Access Through Semi-Trusted TerminalsAccess Through Semi-Trusted Terminals– Public cafés, visiting, customer, etc…Public cafés, visiting, customer, etc…– Different authentication for different usesDifferent authentication for different uses– Need for easy-to-use streamlined securityNeed for easy-to-use streamlined security

Traditional Security MechanismsTraditional Security Mechanisms– Rely on secure endpointsRely on secure endpoints– Passwords can be compromised!Passwords can be compromised!– Requires a lot of Requires a lot of rememberingremembering

?????? ?

Page 18: Microsoft Powerpoint

Suite of Security PossibilitiesSuite of Security Possibilities

The Personal Server PerspectiveThe Personal Server Perspective– Increased reliance on infrastructureIncreased reliance on infrastructure– Availability of secure trusted nodeAvailability of secure trusted node– Pushing ease-of-use modelsPushing ease-of-use models

Explore Multiple CapabilitiesExplore Multiple Capabilities– Alternate Authentication TechniquesAlternate Authentication Techniques– Automated Paring and ConnectionAutomated Paring and Connection– Split Access ModelsSplit Access Models

Page 19: Microsoft Powerpoint

Photographic AuthenticationPhotographic Authentication

Use user’s personal photographs to authenticateUse user’s personal photographs to authenticate– Recall vs. recognition memoryRecall vs. recognition memory– Really good at recognizing their own photographsReally good at recognizing their own photographs– Respond to sequence of “mine” vs. “other”Respond to sequence of “mine” vs. “other”

Security Properties Security Properties – Roughly equivalent to bank PIN or simple passwordRoughly equivalent to bank PIN or simple password– Immune to replay and other common attacksImmune to replay and other common attacks– ……introduces new class of semantic attacksintroduces new class of semantic attacks

Page 20: Microsoft Powerpoint

Photo Auth PrototypePhoto Auth Prototype

Page 21: Microsoft Powerpoint

Summary and Next StepsSummary and Next Steps

Consider End-to-End SystemConsider End-to-End System– Exact constraints will depends on contextExact constraints will depends on context– Implemented as a suite of capabilitiesImplemented as a suite of capabilities

Additional Security/Privacy TechniquesAdditional Security/Privacy Techniques– Time-sequence authenticationTime-sequence authentication– Optical ConnectOptical Connect– Greeking & Split BrowsingGreeking & Split Browsing ????????? ?

Page 22: Microsoft Powerpoint

A Personal Server Ecosystem: A Personal Server Ecosystem: Foundation to ExperienceFoundation to Experience

Musicology

Hierarchical Radios

“The” Personal Server

Photographic Authentication

User Experience

Technology Foundation

Application Contexts

Page 23: Microsoft Powerpoint

Musicology OverviewMusicology Overview

Musicology Musicology – Understand next generation music playersUnderstand next generation music players– Effect of wireless on the music ecosystemEffect of wireless on the music ecosystem– Realize capability for multi-user interactionsRealize capability for multi-user interactions

Why music?Why music?– Music is an extremely popular mediumMusic is an extremely popular medium– Technically feasible with emerging smart-phonesTechnically feasible with emerging smart-phones– Self-contained domain: no extensive integrationSelf-contained domain: no extensive integration

Page 24: Microsoft Powerpoint

Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives

““How is this different than the iPod?”How is this different than the iPod?”– ““Wireless” has a lot of different meaningsWireless” has a lot of different meanings– Music integrated with the Music integrated with the environmentenvironment– Focus on multi-user Focus on multi-user socialsocial situations situations

Research MethodResearch Method– Interview and survey in and about public music spacesInterview and survey in and about public music spaces– Prototype a multi-device jukebox system and playerPrototype a multi-device jukebox system and player– Explore the ecosystem for maximizing impactExplore the ecosystem for maximizing impact

The TEN naviPlayBluetooth headset… not quite there!

Page 25: Microsoft Powerpoint

http://www.livejournal.com/users/sgnpcomix

Page 26: Microsoft Powerpoint

Usage ModelUsage Model

Musicology is: Seamless

accessto personal

musicin a variety of

disparate locations

Page 27: Microsoft Powerpoint

Away

Embedded

Home

MasterMusic

Collection

MUMP

MusicSubset

Mobile Ubiquitous Music Player:

Cell-phone or Crim (Stargate)Built-in music playerOn-board FLASH storageBluetooth communicationSubset of master music collection

Home:

Standard Windows PCCustom Java-based UIBluetooth WirelessMaster Music Collection

Embedded:

Custom music playing centerAudio out (stereo, tape adaptor, FM adaptor)Limited interface (play/stop/next/previous)Bluetooth link

DesktopDisplay

DesktopDisplay

DesktopDisplay

DesktopDisplay

Architecture: One to ManyArchitecture: One to Many

Away:

Same as HomeExcept no Music Storage

MusicDisplay

MusicDisplay

mTunes

mTunes

goTunes

mTunes

The underlying digital ecosystem is complex, and Musicology aims to simplify the overall interaction to provide seamless access to a user’s content…

Page 28: Microsoft Powerpoint

Centralized music server mediates

access to multiple mobile music devices

Architecture: Many to OneArchitecture: Many to One

DigitalJukebox

PublicDisplay

PublicDisplay

mTunes

The underlying digital ecosystem is complex, and Musicology aims to simplify the shared music ecosystem to provide seamless access to digital content…

Music Player

MusicSubset

MusicDisplay

MusicDisplay

kTunes

Laptop

MusicSubset

MusicDisplay

MusicDisplay

kTunes

Cell-phone

MusicSubset

MusicDisplay

MusicDisplay

kTunes

Personal mobile devices provide individual

content or meta-data Create a digital artifact defined by the shared experience

Page 29: Microsoft Powerpoint

Discussion: Power and RolesDiscussion: Power and RolesPower ConsumptionPower Consumption– Streaming data is more power Streaming data is more power

efficient than local playbackefficient than local playback– Basic usage model increases Basic usage model increases

dependency on mobile devicedependency on mobile device

0200400600800

100012001400

Sle

ep

Dis

cove

rabl

e

Str

eam

ing

Tra

nsfe

ring

Pla

ying

Device Mode (For Stargate MP3 Player)

Po

wer

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n

(mW

)

05101520253035

Bat

tery

Lif

etim

e (H

) 10

00 m

A/H

Bat

tery

“Playing” is higher power because it

requires the audio-amplifier to be on!

Role Challenges in Shared SpacesRole Challenges in Shared Spaces– Producer: Managing music playlistsProducer: Managing music playlists– Consumer: Involvement with listening process Consumer: Involvement with listening process – Proprietor: Maintaining desired ambiance Proprietor: Maintaining desired ambiance – Providers: Fostering ecosystem and business modelsProviders: Fostering ecosystem and business models

Page 30: Microsoft Powerpoint

Summary and Next StepsSummary and Next StepsCurrent Status:Current Status:– Multi-device playback based on the Motorola e680Multi-device playback based on the Motorola e680– ““Here and now” surveys about music public placesHere and now” surveys about music public places– Integrated with basic UPnP device discoveryIntegrated with basic UPnP device discovery

Next StepsNext Steps– Target Intel reference cell-phone platformTarget Intel reference cell-phone platform– Partner with content, device, or service providersPartner with content, device, or service providers– Extend with other research and technologiesExtend with other research and technologies

(e.g., location-based, DLNA-integration, music ident.)(e.g., location-based, DLNA-integration, music ident.)

Page 31: Microsoft Powerpoint

A Personal Server Ecosystem: A Personal Server Ecosystem: Foundation to ExperienceFoundation to Experience

Musicology

Hierarchical Radios

“The” Personal Server

Photographic Authentication

User Experience

Technology Foundation

Application Contexts

Page 32: Microsoft Powerpoint

Application DomainsApplication Domains

Personal Server Provides Personal Server Provides CapabilitiesCapabilities– Web serverWeb server– File serverFile server– Media serverMedia server– ……

Integration with Application DomainsIntegration with Application Domains– Digital Home: Consumer ElectronicsDigital Home: Consumer Electronics– Mobility: Public Terminals and PlacesMobility: Public Terminals and Places– Business: Laptops and PIM AccessBusiness: Laptops and PIM Access– Enterprise: Enterprise Software and SystemsEnterprise: Enterprise Software and Systems

Page 33: Microsoft Powerpoint

Digital Home Standards: DLNA and UPnP

Page 34: Microsoft Powerpoint

Cafés & HomesCafés & HomesSeamlessly coordinate

music from multiple devices

in and between shared spaces…

Page 35: Microsoft Powerpoint

Business IntegrationBusiness Integration

Integrate Cell Phone With LaptopIntegrate Cell Phone With Laptop– People People willwill have both devices… have both devices…– Aggregate of devices more powerfulAggregate of devices more powerful– Focused applications and usage modelsFocused applications and usage models

Page 36: Microsoft Powerpoint

Personal Server in the EnterprisePersonal Server in the Enterprise

Production stopped

Show me details!

Page 37: Microsoft Powerpoint

Aspects of IntegrationAspects of Integration

Addressing Addressing CompleteComplete Ecosystems Ecosystems– Standard bodiesStandard bodies– Wireless carriersWireless carriers– Device manufacturersDevice manufacturers– ConsumersConsumers– Content providersContent providers

Page 38: Microsoft Powerpoint

Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion

…“…“Personal Server Technology” integrated Personal Server Technology” integrated into into youryour next cell phone… next cell phone…

Any Questions?Any Questions?