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The Personal Server: The Personal Server: Transforming The Cell PhoneTransforming The Cell Phone
into the Next Personal Computerinto the Next Personal Computer
Trevor PeringTrevor Pering
Intel ResearchIntel Research
Trends in Mobile Trends in Mobile ComputingComputing
Hard Disk Storage Density
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
100000000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
YearKil
ob
its
pe
r s
q.i
n.
Storage Trends (Dataquest) Wireless Trends
Mobile Processor Trends
Hard disk density 230Gb/sq.inch in 2005
Intel® StrongARM™ 233MHz at 1WIntel® XScale™ with DVM PXA255 400MHz at 0.6W PXA271 624MHz at 1.4W
Personal Wireless Web Server Personal Wireless Web Server
“My MobileWeb Page”
Personal Server DemoPersonal Server Demo
Personal Media Server:Personal Media Server:video & audio streaming from a cell phonevideo & audio streaming from a cell phone
PHONE MANAGERList cell phones
in the locality
Documents: access from a
Mobile Web Page
Wireless DriveLetter
Streaming MediaApplication e.g
A video plays in a new window
Phones Nearby Indication
FILE VIEWER
IEXPLORER
PERSONAL SERVER ACCESS COMPUTER (e.g Desktop PC)
TCP/IP Connectivity
UPNP DESC
WEB SERVER [Apache]
FILE SERVER [Samba]
UPnP
BLUETOOTH
WINDOWS OS
PAN PROFILE
RADIO
LINUX OSUPnP
BLUETOOTH
PAN PROFILE
RADIO
HTTP
Wireless Baseband
UPnPSETUP
UPnPSETUP
Using System Standards and Interoperation with Existing Infrastructure
QUICKTIMESTREAMING SERVER[Darwin]
RTSP
TUPLED Neighborhood Manager (NM)
RPC
Personal Servers: Personal Servers: From Prototype to Commercial PlatformFrom Prototype to Commercial Platform
E680: Motorola XScale E680: Motorola XScale Based Linux Cell PhoneBased Linux Cell Phone
Zoar: XScale Cell Phone Zoar: XScale Cell Phone reference platform for CHGreference platform for CHG
Stargate - Embedded
Intel® Xscale™ Processing
A Personal Server Ecosystem: A Personal Server Ecosystem: Foundation to ExperienceFoundation to Experience
Musicology
Hierarchical Radios
“The” Personal Server
Photographic Authentication
User Experience
Technology Foundation
Application Contexts
Hierarchical Radios OverviewHierarchical Radios Overview
Trading-off Power and BandwidthTrading-off Power and Bandwidth– Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Zigbee)Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Zigbee)– Low-power quiescent mode using BluetoothLow-power quiescent mode using Bluetooth– High-bandwidth transfer using WiFiHigh-bandwidth transfer using WiFi– ……use the best aspect of each technologyuse the best aspect of each technology
Develop Technologies for Multiple RadiosDevelop Technologies for Multiple Radios– Demonstrate basic effectivenessDemonstrate basic effectiveness– Develop and fine-tune management policiesDevelop and fine-tune management policies– Incorporate into standard environments and applicationsIncorporate into standard environments and applications
Trading-off Power and BandwidthTrading-off Power and Bandwidth– Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Zigbee)Coordinating the use of Bluetooth and WiFi (and Mote/Zigbee)– Low-power quiescent mode using BluetoothLow-power quiescent mode using Bluetooth– High-bandwidth transfer using WiFiHigh-bandwidth transfer using WiFi– ……use the best aspect of each technologyuse the best aspect of each technology
Develop Technologies for Multiple RadiosDevelop Technologies for Multiple Radios– Demonstrate basic effectivenessDemonstrate basic effectiveness– Develop and fine-tune management policiesDevelop and fine-tune management policies– Incorporate into standard environments and applicationsIncorporate into standard environments and applications
Radio CharacteristicsRadio CharacteristicsWiFi:WiFi:– Currently the technology of choice Currently the technology of choice
for home/laptopsfor home/laptops– Optimized for coverage and Optimized for coverage and
bandwidthbandwidth– Not well suited for mobile phones Not well suited for mobile phones
because of power consumptionbecause of power consumption
Bluetooth:Bluetooth:– Currently the technology of choice Currently the technology of choice
for mobile phonesfor mobile phones– Optimized for low-power operation Optimized for low-power operation
and standbyand standby– Not as efficient as WiFi for bulk Not as efficient as WiFi for bulk
transfers (power, bandwidth)transfers (power, bandwidth)
Given that emerging systems Given that emerging systems willwill have both WiFi and Bluetooth… have both WiFi and Bluetooth…
0
100
200
300
400
500
Zigbee BT 802.11
Idle
Po
we
r (m
W)
0
50
100
150
200
250
En
erg
y/B
it (
nJ
/bit
)
0.25Mbps 1.1Mbps 11Mbps
Experimental SetupExperimental Setup
Include Mica Mote, Bluetooth, and Wi-FiInclude Mica Mote, Bluetooth, and Wi-FiRepeatedly measure handoff between various radiosRepeatedly measure handoff between various radiosFocus on discovery and connection processFocus on discovery and connection process
Mica Mote
Bluetooth
Wireless Hierarchy ResultsWireless Hierarchy ResultsExperimental Results:Experimental Results:– BT & WiFi can be used together BT & WiFi can be used together
to trade-off power vs. latencyto trade-off power vs. latency– The MicaMote (possibly Zigbee) The MicaMote (possibly Zigbee)
would be a good complementwould be a good complement
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0Discovery Latency (s)
Co
nn
ec
tio
n L
ate
nc
y (
s)
Bluetooh (BT)
Wi-Fi (WF)MicaMote (MM)
MM -> BT9.3 mW
MM -> WF9.3 mW
WF Only398 mW
BT -> WF61 mW
BT Only61 mW
Size = Discovery Power
…the basic Hierarchal Radio concept is feasible, but range and system integration issues need to be fully addressed…
Application Integration:Application Integration:– Integrated into IE for constrained-Integrated into IE for constrained-
bandwidth mediabandwidth media– High-res, low-res, or automatic High-res, low-res, or automatic
selection of video formatselection of video format
Wireless “CoolSpot” ModelWireless “CoolSpot” Model
An Island of optimization within a coverage areaAn Island of optimization within a coverage areaWithin a CoolSpot, the system will have enhanced capabilities:Within a CoolSpot, the system will have enhanced capabilities:… … it will be lower power and have an always-on connectionit will be lower power and have an always-on connection… … otherwise, you need to manually activate your WiFiotherwise, you need to manually activate your WiFi… … or move to a nearby CoolSpot.or move to a nearby CoolSpot.
Wi-Fi “HotSpot”
Bluetooth CoolSpotsThe CoolSpots model
specifically frames Bluetooth as an optimization to WiFi, addressing the network-centric laptop and Digital Home usage models.
Next Steps Next Steps
Development of Underlying TechnologyDevelopment of Underlying Technology– Detailed measurement and analysis of systemDetailed measurement and analysis of system– Policies for trade-off between latency and powerPolicies for trade-off between latency and power– Incorporating Zigbee radio standard into hierarchyIncorporating Zigbee radio standard into hierarchy
Complete the Conceptual ModelComplete the Conceptual Model– How does the device appear on a network?How does the device appear on a network?– How do CoolSpots fit into real environments?How do CoolSpots fit into real environments?– Integrate with wide-area coverage models (e.g. GSM)Integrate with wide-area coverage models (e.g. GSM)
A Personal Server Ecosystem: A Personal Server Ecosystem: Foundation to ExperienceFoundation to Experience
Musicology
Hierarchical Radios
“The” Personal Server
Photographic Authentication
User Experience
Technology Foundation
Application Contexts
??? Semi-Trusted TerminalsSemi-Trusted Terminals
Access Through Semi-Trusted TerminalsAccess Through Semi-Trusted Terminals– Public cafés, visiting, customer, etc…Public cafés, visiting, customer, etc…– Different authentication for different usesDifferent authentication for different uses– Need for easy-to-use streamlined securityNeed for easy-to-use streamlined security
Traditional Security MechanismsTraditional Security Mechanisms– Rely on secure endpointsRely on secure endpoints– Passwords can be compromised!Passwords can be compromised!– Requires a lot of Requires a lot of rememberingremembering
?????? ?
Suite of Security PossibilitiesSuite of Security Possibilities
The Personal Server PerspectiveThe Personal Server Perspective– Increased reliance on infrastructureIncreased reliance on infrastructure– Availability of secure trusted nodeAvailability of secure trusted node– Pushing ease-of-use modelsPushing ease-of-use models
Explore Multiple CapabilitiesExplore Multiple Capabilities– Alternate Authentication TechniquesAlternate Authentication Techniques– Automated Paring and ConnectionAutomated Paring and Connection– Split Access ModelsSplit Access Models
Photographic AuthenticationPhotographic Authentication
Use user’s personal photographs to authenticateUse user’s personal photographs to authenticate– Recall vs. recognition memoryRecall vs. recognition memory– Really good at recognizing their own photographsReally good at recognizing their own photographs– Respond to sequence of “mine” vs. “other”Respond to sequence of “mine” vs. “other”
Security Properties Security Properties – Roughly equivalent to bank PIN or simple passwordRoughly equivalent to bank PIN or simple password– Immune to replay and other common attacksImmune to replay and other common attacks– ……introduces new class of semantic attacksintroduces new class of semantic attacks
Photo Auth PrototypePhoto Auth Prototype
Summary and Next StepsSummary and Next Steps
Consider End-to-End SystemConsider End-to-End System– Exact constraints will depends on contextExact constraints will depends on context– Implemented as a suite of capabilitiesImplemented as a suite of capabilities
Additional Security/Privacy TechniquesAdditional Security/Privacy Techniques– Time-sequence authenticationTime-sequence authentication– Optical ConnectOptical Connect– Greeking & Split BrowsingGreeking & Split Browsing ????????? ?
A Personal Server Ecosystem: A Personal Server Ecosystem: Foundation to ExperienceFoundation to Experience
Musicology
Hierarchical Radios
“The” Personal Server
Photographic Authentication
User Experience
Technology Foundation
Application Contexts
Musicology OverviewMusicology Overview
Musicology Musicology – Understand next generation music playersUnderstand next generation music players– Effect of wireless on the music ecosystemEffect of wireless on the music ecosystem– Realize capability for multi-user interactionsRealize capability for multi-user interactions
Why music?Why music?– Music is an extremely popular mediumMusic is an extremely popular medium– Technically feasible with emerging smart-phonesTechnically feasible with emerging smart-phones– Self-contained domain: no extensive integrationSelf-contained domain: no extensive integration
Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives
““How is this different than the iPod?”How is this different than the iPod?”– ““Wireless” has a lot of different meaningsWireless” has a lot of different meanings– Music integrated with the Music integrated with the environmentenvironment– Focus on multi-user Focus on multi-user socialsocial situations situations
Research MethodResearch Method– Interview and survey in and about public music spacesInterview and survey in and about public music spaces– Prototype a multi-device jukebox system and playerPrototype a multi-device jukebox system and player– Explore the ecosystem for maximizing impactExplore the ecosystem for maximizing impact
The TEN naviPlayBluetooth headset… not quite there!
http://www.livejournal.com/users/sgnpcomix
Usage ModelUsage Model
Musicology is: Seamless
accessto personal
musicin a variety of
disparate locations
Away
Embedded
Home
MasterMusic
Collection
MUMP
MusicSubset
Mobile Ubiquitous Music Player:
Cell-phone or Crim (Stargate)Built-in music playerOn-board FLASH storageBluetooth communicationSubset of master music collection
Home:
Standard Windows PCCustom Java-based UIBluetooth WirelessMaster Music Collection
Embedded:
Custom music playing centerAudio out (stereo, tape adaptor, FM adaptor)Limited interface (play/stop/next/previous)Bluetooth link
DesktopDisplay
DesktopDisplay
DesktopDisplay
DesktopDisplay
Architecture: One to ManyArchitecture: One to Many
Away:
Same as HomeExcept no Music Storage
MusicDisplay
MusicDisplay
mTunes
mTunes
goTunes
mTunes
The underlying digital ecosystem is complex, and Musicology aims to simplify the overall interaction to provide seamless access to a user’s content…
Centralized music server mediates
access to multiple mobile music devices
Architecture: Many to OneArchitecture: Many to One
DigitalJukebox
PublicDisplay
PublicDisplay
mTunes
The underlying digital ecosystem is complex, and Musicology aims to simplify the shared music ecosystem to provide seamless access to digital content…
Music Player
MusicSubset
MusicDisplay
MusicDisplay
kTunes
Laptop
MusicSubset
MusicDisplay
MusicDisplay
kTunes
Cell-phone
MusicSubset
MusicDisplay
MusicDisplay
kTunes
Personal mobile devices provide individual
content or meta-data Create a digital artifact defined by the shared experience
Discussion: Power and RolesDiscussion: Power and RolesPower ConsumptionPower Consumption– Streaming data is more power Streaming data is more power
efficient than local playbackefficient than local playback– Basic usage model increases Basic usage model increases
dependency on mobile devicedependency on mobile device
0200400600800
100012001400
Sle
ep
Dis
cove
rabl
e
Str
eam
ing
Tra
nsfe
ring
Pla
ying
Device Mode (For Stargate MP3 Player)
Po
wer
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n
(mW
)
05101520253035
Bat
tery
Lif
etim
e (H
) 10
00 m
A/H
Bat
tery
“Playing” is higher power because it
requires the audio-amplifier to be on!
Role Challenges in Shared SpacesRole Challenges in Shared Spaces– Producer: Managing music playlistsProducer: Managing music playlists– Consumer: Involvement with listening process Consumer: Involvement with listening process – Proprietor: Maintaining desired ambiance Proprietor: Maintaining desired ambiance – Providers: Fostering ecosystem and business modelsProviders: Fostering ecosystem and business models
Summary and Next StepsSummary and Next StepsCurrent Status:Current Status:– Multi-device playback based on the Motorola e680Multi-device playback based on the Motorola e680– ““Here and now” surveys about music public placesHere and now” surveys about music public places– Integrated with basic UPnP device discoveryIntegrated with basic UPnP device discovery
Next StepsNext Steps– Target Intel reference cell-phone platformTarget Intel reference cell-phone platform– Partner with content, device, or service providersPartner with content, device, or service providers– Extend with other research and technologiesExtend with other research and technologies
(e.g., location-based, DLNA-integration, music ident.)(e.g., location-based, DLNA-integration, music ident.)
A Personal Server Ecosystem: A Personal Server Ecosystem: Foundation to ExperienceFoundation to Experience
Musicology
Hierarchical Radios
“The” Personal Server
Photographic Authentication
User Experience
Technology Foundation
Application Contexts
Application DomainsApplication Domains
Personal Server Provides Personal Server Provides CapabilitiesCapabilities– Web serverWeb server– File serverFile server– Media serverMedia server– ……
Integration with Application DomainsIntegration with Application Domains– Digital Home: Consumer ElectronicsDigital Home: Consumer Electronics– Mobility: Public Terminals and PlacesMobility: Public Terminals and Places– Business: Laptops and PIM AccessBusiness: Laptops and PIM Access– Enterprise: Enterprise Software and SystemsEnterprise: Enterprise Software and Systems
Digital Home Standards: DLNA and UPnP
Cafés & HomesCafés & HomesSeamlessly coordinate
music from multiple devices
in and between shared spaces…
Business IntegrationBusiness Integration
Integrate Cell Phone With LaptopIntegrate Cell Phone With Laptop– People People willwill have both devices… have both devices…– Aggregate of devices more powerfulAggregate of devices more powerful– Focused applications and usage modelsFocused applications and usage models
Personal Server in the EnterprisePersonal Server in the Enterprise
Production stopped
…
Show me details!
Aspects of IntegrationAspects of Integration
Addressing Addressing CompleteComplete Ecosystems Ecosystems– Standard bodiesStandard bodies– Wireless carriersWireless carriers– Device manufacturersDevice manufacturers– ConsumersConsumers– Content providersContent providers
Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion
…“…“Personal Server Technology” integrated Personal Server Technology” integrated into into youryour next cell phone… next cell phone…
Any Questions?Any Questions?