microorganisms in marine environments
TRANSCRIPT
Costal Marine Systems
Microorganisms in Marine Environments.
“No aquarium, no tank in a marine land, however spacious it may be, can begin to duplicate the
conditions of the sea. And no dolphin who inhabits one of those aquariums or one of those
marine lands can be considered normal”
~ Jacques Yves Cousteau ~
”
What will we discuss?
1.Marine Zones. 2.Trophic Classification.3.Estuaries.4.Salt Wedge.5.Algal Bloom
It’s Types. It’s Effect.
6. Salt Marsh.7. Winogradisky Column.
Marine Zones.
Trophic Classification
Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
Oligotrophic
1. Eutrophic body of water• Commonly a lake or pond.• Has high biological productivity. • Due to: excessive nutrients,
especially nitrogen and phosphorus.
Trophic Classification
Algal bloom in a village river in the mountains China
2. Mesotrophic body of water
Trophic Classification
•Lakes with an intermediate level of productivity.
• These lakes are commonly clear water lakes and ponds with beds of submerged aquatic plants and medium levels of nutrients
3. Oligotrophic body of water
Trophic Classification
•Lake with low primary productivity, the result of low nutrient content.
•These lakes have low algal production, and consequently, often have very clear waters, with high drinking-water quality.
Estuaries• Estuary is semi-enclosed coastal region where
river meets the sea.
Ocean
River Salt wedge
Salt wedge Salt wedge is formed because salt water is
denser than fresh water. So salt water sink below and overlying with
fresh water.
Changes in this region • According to the distance from the river and sea
the amount of salt water decline.
• The distance the salt wedge interrupt the estuary is not static and changes with tides
• This change in the environment leads to change in the living organisms and microbial community that live in this region…..
Change in Distance of sea
and river
Salt conc.
Microbial communities
Microbes in this region • Adapt to the salinity. • Most protists and fungi produce osmtatically
active carbohydrates. • Prokaryotes : regulate their internal
potassium or special amino acids such as ecoine and betaine.
Inhabitants • Halotolerant Microbes!!!
• Halophilic: Cant live without high concentrations of salt.
• Halotolerant: Can withstand variations in salt concentration.
ARE HALOPHILIC AND HALOTOLERANT THE SAME
NO
“The sea, the great unifier, is man's only hope. Now, as never before, the old phrase has a literal
meaning: we are all in the same boat.”
~ Jacques Yves Cousteau ~
”
Pollution • Although estuaries are
the most important region for diversity of organisms and other microbial communities it is the most polluted marine environment.
Disaster of industries !!!
• Industries dumb their wastes in rivers and oceans without fear of consequences..
• The clean up of rivers and oceans continues from the 17th century till this days….
Where is the problem ??
Organic Material Nutrient Chemoorga
notroph
Anoxic conditions
O2
O2
O2
O2
O2
Devoid all microscopic life
What if Photoautotrophic!!??
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
A
A
A
A
A
A
c
cc c
c
c
Algae
CyanoBacteria
A lot of Algae and Cyanobacteria !!!???
Then Lottssss Of Fooooodddd
Harmful Algal Bloom
OMG!!! THAT’S TOO MUCH
Algal Bloom • An algal bloom is a rapid increase or
accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in a water system.
• Some blooms may be recognized by discoloration of the water resulting from the high density of pigmented cells.
Harmful Algal Bloom • If microbes produce TOXIC products or are in
themselves toxic to other organisms such as fish and shellfish.
• HAB (Harmful Algal Bloom ) also called: Red Tide. ??WHY?
• Because the microbial density is so great that the water becomes red or pink.
Result !!!
Causative Microbes • Diatoms of genus Pseudonitzschia Spp
Production of neurotoxins
• Caused by Dinoflagellates producing a neurotoxin cause brevetoxin
Causative Microbes
AlexandriumSpp
Paralytic shellfish poisoning
Brevetoxin • Produced by dinoflagellate called Karina
brevis.. • Killed number of endangered species and
dolphins.. • Direct exposure to this microbe cause
neurological damage to human, including short-term memory loss.
~SALT MARSHES~
Salt marsh • Not a mixture between salt + fresh water It is only Salty water.
Very Dynamic Microbial Community
Winogradisky Column Simulation To The Natural Microbial Community
• What are we need to build it?
Winogradisky Column
Mud ( Salt marsh sediment) Environment
Shredded newspaper Carbon Source
Calcium Carbonate CO2
Calcium Sulfate Sulfur source
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• THAN YOU
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